Voiced alveolar affricate

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Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate

Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate
d͡z
d͜z
IPA number 104 133
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ʣ
Unicode (hex) U+02A3
X-SAMPA dz
Kirshenbaum dz
Sound
source · help

The voiced alveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡z⟩ or ⟨d͜z⟩ (formerly ⟨ʣ⟩).

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
  • Its place of passive articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with the tongue at the alveolar ridge just behind the gums.
  • Its place of active articulation is either apical, meaning that the tongue tip contacts the alveolar ridge, or, more often, laminal, meaning that the tongue blade (the part just behind the top) contacts the alveolar ridge, with the tongue tip resting behind the lower front teeth roots.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Abkhaz аӡы [ɑˈd͡zɨ]'water' See Abkhaz phonology
Adyghe дзэлӀы  [d͡zaɬʼə] (help·info) 'soldier'
Albanian xehe [d͡zɛhɛ] 'mineral'
Arabic Najdi قـليب [d͡zɛ̝lib] 'well' corresponds to /q/, /ɡ/, or /dʒ/ in other dialects.
Armenian Western ծակ [d͡zɑɡ] 'hole'
Azerbaijani some Western dialects Cəbrayıl [d͡zæbɾɑˈjɯɫ]'Jibra'il' Corresponds to /d͡ʒ/ or /ɟ/ in other dialects.
Berber Kabyle Lz̗ayer [ld͡zajər] 'Algeria'
Catalan[1] dotze [ˈd̪odd͡zə] 'twelve' See Catalan phonology
French Quebec samedi [samd͡zi] 'Saturday' Allophone of /d/ before /i/ and /y/. See Quebec French phonology
Georgian[2] ძვალი [d͡zvɑli] 'bone'
Greek τζάμι [ˈd͡zami] 'window pane'
Hebrew תזונה [d͡zuna] 'nutrition' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hungarian bodza [bod͡zːɒ] 'elderberry' See Hungarian phonology
Iu Mien nzoc [d͡zò] 'drum'
Japanese 水 mizu [mʲiˈdzu͍] 'water' Some speakers. See Japanese phonology
Kabardian дзын [d͡zən] 'to throw'
NgweNwametaw dialect [mə̀d͡zə̀] 'path'
Occitan Rhodanien Provençal joine [ˈd͡zujne] 'young'
Pashto پنځه [pind͡zə]'five'
Portuguese[3]European, northern dezasseis [d͡zɐˈs̺ejs̺] 'sixteen' Apart from a few loanwords, occurs as a result of vowel elision leading to sandhi. See Portuguese phonology
European, central-southern [d͡zɐˈsɐjʃ]
Brazilian dezessete [d͡ze̞ˈsɛt͡ʃɪ] 'seventeen'
Northern Qiang ? [ɣd͡zə] 'rabbit'
Slovak sadzba [ˈsäd͡zbä] 'tariff'
Ubykh [məˈdza] 'light' See Ubykh phonology
West Frisian widze [ˈʋɪd͡zǝ] 'cradle'
Yi ꋩ/zzy [d͡zɪ˧] 'ride'

Voiced alveolar fronted sibilant affricate

Voiced alveolar fronted sibilant affricate
d̪͡z̪
d͡z̪
d̟͡z̟
d͡z̟
Sound
source · help

The voiced alveolar fronted sibilant affricate (commonly called voiced dental sibilant affricate) is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet it's commonly represented as ⟨d̪͡z̪⟩ and ⟨d͡z̪⟩, combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate and a diacritic (or two) indicating dental articulation. However, teeth actively participate in the articulation only in case of the stop component, which is laminal denti-alveolar. The fricative component, the features of which are used to describe the affricate is laminal alveolar fronted (post-dental). Therefore, a notation ⟨d̟͡z̟⟩ and ⟨d͡z̟⟩ (combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar sibilant affricate and a diacritic (or two) indicating fronted articulation) would be more appropriate. This article uses ⟨d̪͡z̪⟩ for simplicity.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar fronted sibilant affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is alveolar fronted (post-dental), which means it's articulated with the tongue blade against the alveolar ridge, but more front than usual: just behind the upper teeth.
  • Its place of active articulation is laminal, meaning that the tongue blade (the part just behind the top) contacts the alveolar ridge, with the tongue tip resting behind the lower front teeth.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Armenian Eastern[4] ձուկ  [d̪͡z̪uk] (help·info) 'snow'
Belarusian[5] дзеканне [ˈd̪͡z̪ekän̪ʲe] 'dzekanye' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology
Czech[6] Afgánec byl [ˈävɡäːnɛd̪͡z̪ bɪɫ̪] 'An Afghan was' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants. See Czech phonology
Italian[7][8] zero [ˈd̪͡z̪ɛːɾo] 'zero' ⟨z⟩ may also represent /t͡s/. See Italian phonology
Kashubian[9]
Latvian[10] drudzis [ˈd̪rud̪͡z̪is̪] 'fever' See Latvian phonology
Macedonian[11] ѕвезда [ˈd̪͡z̪ve̞z̪d̪ä] 'star' See Macedonian phonology
Polish[12] dzwon  [d̪͡z̪vɔn̪] (help·info) 'bell' See Polish phonology
Russian[13] плацдарм [pɫ̪ɐd̪͡z̪ˈd̪är̠m] 'bridge-head' Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Ukrainian[14] дзвін [d̪͡z̪win̪] 'bell' See Ukrainian phonology
Upper Sorbian[15] Allophone of /t͡s/ before voiced consonants.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hualde (1992:370)
  2. ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  3. ↑ (Portuguese) Palatalization of dental occlusives /t/ and /d/ in the bilingual communities of Taquara and Panambi, RS – Alice Telles de Paula. Page 14
  4. ↑ Kozintseva (1995:6)
  5. ↑ Padluzhny (1989:48-49)
  6. ↑ Palková (1994:234-235)
  7. ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  8. ↑ Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005:132)
  9. ↑ http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/content/view/227/26/
  10. ↑ Nau (1998:6)
  11. ↑ Lunt (1952:1)
  12. ↑ Rocławski (1976:162)
  13. ↑ Chew (2003:67 and 103)
  14. ↑ S. Buk, J. Mačutek, A. Rovenchak (2008). "Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system". Retrieved April 19, 2013. 
  15. ↑ Šewc-Schuster (1984:22 and 38))

Bibliography

  • Bertinetto, Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005), "The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (2): 131–151, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002148 
  • Chew, Peter A. (2003), A computational phonology of Russian, Universal Publishers 
  • Hualde, José (1992), Catalan, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05498-2 
  • Kozintseva, Natalia (1995), Modern Eastern Armenian, Lincom Europa, p. 52, ISBN 3895860352 
  • Lunt, Horace G. (1952), Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language, Skopje 
  • Nau, Nicole (1998), Latvian, Lincom Europa, p. 66, ISBN 3-89586-228-2 
  • Padluzhny, Ped (1989), Fanetyka belaruskai litaraturnai movy, p. 335, ISBN 5-343-00292-7 
  • Palková, Zdena (1994), Fonetika a fonologie češtiny, ISBN 978-8070668436 
  • Rocławski, Bronisław (1976), Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego, Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego 
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628 
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659 
  • Šewc-Schuster, Hinc (1984), Gramatika hornjo-serbskeje rěče, Budyšin: Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina 
 
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