Vocaloid

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Vocaloid

Vocaloid 2 Editor (English version)
Developer(s) Yamaha Corporation
Initial release January 15, 2004
Stable release Vocaloid 3
Development status Active
Operating system Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8
Apple iOS (iVocaloid, Japan Only)
Available in English, Japanese, Spanish, Korean, Chinese, Catalan, French
Type Musical Synthesizer Application
License proprietary
Website www.vocaloid.com/en/

Vocaloid (ボーカロイド Bōkaroido) is a singing voice synthesizer. Its signal processing part was developed through a joint research project led by Kenmochi Hideki at the Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, Spain in 2000 (the same team that later founded Voctro Labs[1]) and originally was not intended to be a full commercial project. Backed by the Yamaha Corporation, it developed the software into the commercial product "Vocaloid."[2][3] The software enables users to synthesize singing by typing in lyrics and melody. It uses synthesizing technology with specially recorded vocals of voice actors or singers. To create a song, the user must input the melody and lyrics. A piano roll type interface is used to input the melody and the lyrics can be entered on each note. The software can change the stress of the pronunciations, add effects such as vibrato, or change the dynamics and tone of the voice. Each Vocaloid is sold as "a singer in a box" designed to act as a replacement for an actual singer. The software was originally only available in English starting with the first Vocaloids Leon, Lola and Miriam and Japanese with Meiko and Kaito, but Vocaloid 3 has added support for Spanish for the Vocaloids Bruno, Clara and Maika; Chinese for Luo Tianyi and Yan He; Korean for SeeU, Catalan for Ona, and French for ALYS.

The software is intended for professional musicians as well as light computer music users and has so far sold on the idea that the only limits are the users' own skills.[4] Japanese musical groups Livetune of Toy's Factory and Supercell of Sony Music Entertainment Japan have released their songs featuring Vocaloid as vocals. Japanese record label Exit Tunes of Quake Inc. also have released compilation albums featuring Vocaloids.[5][6] Artists such as Mike Oldfield have also used Vocaloids within their work for back up singer vocals and sound samples.[7]

Technology

The Vocaloid singing synthesizer technology is categorized as concatenative synthesis,[8][9] which splices and processes vocal fragments extracted from human singing voices in the frequency domain. In singing synthesis, the system produces realistic voices by adding information of vocal expressions like vibrato to score information.[10] The Vocaloid synthesis technology was initially called "Frequency-domain Singing Articulation Splicing and Shaping" (周波数ドメイン歌唱アーティキュレーション接続法 Shūhasū-domain Kashō Articulation Setsuzoku-hō),[11] although Yamaha no longer uses this name on its websites.[12] "Singing Articulation" is explained as "vocal expressions" such as vibrato and vocal fragments necessary for singing. The Vocaloid and Vocaloid 2 synthesis engines are designed for singing, not reading text aloud,[13] though software such as Vocaloid-flex and Voiceroid have been developed for that. They cannot naturally replicate singing expressions like hoarse voices or shouts,[14] but Appends are made to create different tones such as "whisper" and "power".

System architecture

The main parts of the Vocaloid 2 system are the Score Editor (Vocaloid 2 Editor), the Singer Library, and the Synthesis Engine.[3] The Synthesis Engine receives score information from the Score Editor, selects appropriate samples from the Singer Library, and concatenates them to output synthesized voices.[3] There is basically no difference in the Score Editor and the Synthesis Engine provided by Yamaha among different Vocaloid 2 products. If a Vocaloid 2 product is already installed, the user can enable another Vocaloid 2 product by adding its library. The system supports two languages, Japanese and English, although other languages may be optional in the future.[2] It works standalone (playback and export to WAV) and as a ReWire application or VSTi accessible from DAW.

Score Editor

The Score Editor is a piano roll style editor to input notes, lyrics, and some expressions. For a Japanese Singer Library, the user can input gojūon lyrics in hiragana, katakana or romaji writing. For an English library, the Editor automatically converts the lyrics into the IPA phonetic symbols using the built-in pronunciation dictionary.[3] The user can directly edit the phonetic symbols of unregistered words.[9] A Japanese library and an English library differ in the lyrics input method, but share the same platform. Therefore, the Japanese editor can load an English library and vice versa. As mentioned above, the lyrics input method is library-dependent, and so the Japanese and English editors differ only in the menus. The Score Editor offers various parameters to add expressions to singing voices. The user is supposed to optimize these parameters that best fit the synthesized tune when creating voices.[8] This editor supports ReWire and can be synchronized with DAW. Real-time "playback" of songs with predefined lyrics using a MIDI keyboard is also supported.[3]

Singer Library

Each Vocaloid license develops the Singer Library, or a database of vocal fragments sampled from real people.[3] The database must have all possible combinations of phonemes of the target language,[3] including diphones (a chain of two different phonemes) and sustained vowels, as well as polyphones with more than two phonemes if necessary.[3] For example, the voice corresponding to the word "sing" ([sIN]) can be synthesized by concatenating the sequence of diphones "#-s, s-I, I-N, N-#" (# indicating a voiceless phoneme) with the sustained vowel ī.[13] The Vocaloid system changes the pitch of these fragments so that it fits the melody. In order to get more natural sounds, three or four different pitch ranges are required to be stored into the library.[15][16] Japanese requires 500 diphones per pitch, whereas English requires 2,500.[13] Japanese has fewer diphones because it has fewer phonemes and most syllabic sounds are open syllables ending in a vowel. In Japanese, there are basically three patterns of diphones containing a consonant: voiceless-consonant, vowel-consonant, and consonant-vowel. On the other hand, English has many closed syllables ending in a consonant, and consonant-consonant and consonant-voiceless diphones as well. Thus, more diphones need to be recorded into an English library than into a Japanese one. Due to this linguistic difference, a Japanese library is not suitable for singing in English.

Synthesis Engine

The Synthesis Engine receives score information contained in dedicated MIDI messages called Vocaloid MIDI sent by the Score Editor, adjusts pitch and timbre of the selected samples in frequency domain, and splices them to synthesize singing voices.[3][9] When Vocaloid runs as VSTi accessible from DAW, the bundled VST plug-in bypasses the Score Editor and directly sends these messages to the Synthesis Engine.[9]

Timing adjustment
In singing voices, the consonant onset of a syllable is uttered before the vowel onset is uttered.[9] The starting position of a note called "Note-On" must be the same as that of the vowel onset, not the start of the syllable.[9] Vocaloid keeps the "synthesized score" in memory to adjust sample timing so that the vowel onset should be strictly on the "Note-On" position.[9] No timing adjustment would result in delay.
Pitch conversion
Since the samples are recorded in different pitches, pitch conversion is required when concatenating the samples.[3] The engine calculates a desired pitch from the notes, attack time, and vibrato parameters, and then selects the necessary samples from the library.[9]
Timbre manipulation
The engine smooths the timbre around the junction of the samples.[3] The timbre of a sustained vowel is generated by interpolating spectral envelopes of the surrounding samples.[3] For example, when concatenating a sequence of diphones "s-e, e, e-t" of the English word "set", the spectral envelope of a sustained ē at each frame is generated by interpolating ē in the end of "s-e" and ē in the beginning of "e-t".[3]
Transforms
After pitch conversion and timbre manipulation, the engine does transforms such as Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to output synthesized voices.[3]

Software history

See also: List of Vocaloid products
"Freely Tomorrow" by Mitchie M
A song with vocals provided by the Vocaloid character Hatsune Miku.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Screenshot of the software interface for Vocaloid

Vocaloid

Yamaha started development of Vocaloid in March 2000[13] and announced it for the first time at the German fair Musikmesse on March 5–9, 2003.[17] The first Vocaloids, Leon and Lola, were released by the studio Zero-G on March 3, 2004, both of which were sold as a "Virtual Soul Vocalist". Leon and Lola made their first appearance at the NAMM Show on January 15, 2004.[18] Leon and Lola were also demonstrated at the Zero-G Limited booth during Wired Nextfest and won the 2005 Electronic Musician Editor's Choice Award.[19] Zero-G later released Miriam, with her voice provided by Miriam Stockley, in July 2004. Later that year, Crypton Future Media also released their first Vocaloid, Meiko. In June 2005, Yamaha upgraded the engine version to 1.1.[20] A patch was later released to update all Vocaloid engines to Vocaloid 1.1.2, adding new features to the software, although there were differences between the output results of the engine.[21] A total of five Vocaloid products were released from 2004 to 2006. Vocaloid had no previous rival technology to contend with at the time of its release, with the English version only having to face the later release of VirSyn's Cantor software during its original run.[22] Despite having Japanese phonetics, the interface lacked a Japanese version and both Japanese and English vocals had an English interface. The only differences between versions were the color and logo that changed per template. As of 2011, this version of the software is no longer supported by Yamaha and will no longer be updated.[23] All Vocaloid 1 products were permanently retired on January 1, 2014.

Vocaloid 2

Vocaloid 2 was announced in 2007. Due to time constraints, unlike the previous engine version, it did not have a public beta test and instead the software was updated as users reported issues with it.[24] The synthesis engine and the user interface were completely revamped, with Japanese Vocaloids possessing a Japanese interface.[8] New features such as note auditioning, transparent control track, toggling between playback and rendering, and expression control were implemented.[25] One's breath noise and husky voice can be recorded into the library to make realistic sounds.[16] This version is not backward compatible and its editor cannot load a library built for the previous version. Aside from the PC software, NetVocaloid services are offered. Despite this, the software was not localized and Vocaloids of either English or Japanese would only possess that language version, so although Megurine Luka had an English library included, as a Japanese Vocaloid she only had access to the Japanese version of the software. In total, there were 17 packages produced for Vocaloid 2 in the Japanese version of the software and five in the English version; these packages offered 35 voicebanks between them in either English or Japanese.

Yamaha announced a version of the Vocaloid 2 software for the iPhone and iPad, which exhibited at the Y2 Autumn 2010 Digital Content Expo in Japan.[26][27] Later, this version of the software was released using the voice of Yamaha's own Vocaloid called VY1.[28][29]

Vocaloid 3

Vocaloid 3 launched on October 21, 2011, along with several products in Japanese product, the first of its kind. Several studios are providing updates to allow Vocaloid 2 vocal libraries to come over to Vocaloid 3.[30] It will also include the software "Vocalistener", which adjusts parameters iteratively from a user's singing to create natural synthesized singing.[31][32] It supports additional languages including Chinese, Korean, and Spanish. It is also able to use plug-ins for the software itself and switch between normal and "classic" mode for less realistic vocal results. Unlike previous versions, the vocal libraries and main editing software are sold as two separate items. The vocal libraries themselves only contain a "tiny" version of the Vocaloid 3 editing software. Yamaha will also be granting the licensing of plug-ins and use of the Vocaloid software for additional mediums such as video games.[33][34] Also, Vocaloid 3 has Triphone support unlike Vocaloid 2 which improves language capabilities.[35] The first Spanish Vocaloids, Clara and Bruno, were released in 2011.[36]

New technology is also being used to bring back the voice of the singer Hitoshi Ueki who died in 2007. This is the first attempt to bring back a singer whose voice had been lost, yet it had been considered a possibility since the software was first released in 2004. However, this is only being done for private use.[37] An OS X version of the software called Vocaloid Neo was announced on July 24, 2013. Several voices have since been confirmed for this version of the software.[38] In 2013, the first Catalan vocal project was introduced called "ONA".[39]

Derivative products

Software

Vocaloid-flex
Yamaha developed Vocaloid-flex, a singing software application based on the Vocaloid engine, which contains a speech synthesizer. According to the official announcement, users can edit its phonological system more delicately than those of other Vocaloid series to get closer to the actual speech language; for example, it enables final devoicing, unvoicing vowel sounds or weakening/strengthening consonant sounds.[40] It was used in a video game Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker released on April 28, 2010. It is still a corporate product and a consumer version has not been announced.[41] This software was also used for the robot model HRP-4C at CEATEC Japan 2009.[42] Gachapoid has access to this engine and it is used through the software V-Talk.[43]
VocaListener
Another Vocaloid tool that was developed was VocaListener, a software package that allows for realistic Vocaloid songs to be produced.[31][32][44]
MikuMikuDance
To aid in the production of 3D Vocaloid animations, the program MikuMikuDance was developed. This freeware allowed a boom in the birth of fan-made and derivative characters, as well as a boost in the promotions of Vocaloid songs.[45] MikuMikuDance's developer went on a hiatus in May 2011 (initially announced as a retirement from development),[46] but started updating the software again in June 2013.
NetVocaloid
NetVocaloid was an online vocal synthesis service. Users could synthesize singing voices on a device connected to the Internet by executing the Vocaloid engine on the server. This service could be used even if the user did not own the Vocaloid software. The service was available in both English and Japanese.[47] However, as of April 2012, the service was no longer being offered on Yamaha's website.
MMDAgent
MMDAgent is a software developed by the International Voice Engineering Institute in the Nagoya Institute of Technology,[48] and the Alpha version was released on December 25, 2010.[49] This particular software allows users to interact with 3D models of the Vocaloid mascots. The software is made from 3D models and sound files that have already been made available on the internet and will be disputed as freeware for that reason.[50]
NetVocalis
NetVocalis is a software being developed by Bplats, makers of the VY series, and is similar to VocaListener.[51]
Vocaloid Editor for Cubase
This particular version of Vocaloid is built solely for Cubase. It features no additional voices but will use any voice from Vocaloid 2 and Vocaloid 3 and acts as a plugin for the Cubase software. The result is that this version is compatible with most functions of Cubase 6.5 and can use its tools such as buses, filters and mixers without worrying about complications.[52]
Vocalodama
A iOS game app made using the vocaloid software.[53]

Hardware

Vocaloid-Board
Vocaloid is set to become a hardware version called Vocaloid-Board.[54]
eVocaloid
This is a LSI sound generator that uses the voice of "VY1" (version dubbed "eVY1") and can be used for mobile devices.[55]

Marketing

Though developed by Yamaha, the marketing of each Vocaloid is left to the respective studios. Yamaha themselves do maintain a degree of promotional efforts in the actual Vocaloid software, as seen when the humanoid robot model HRP-4C of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) was set up to react to three Vocaloids—Hatsune Miku, Megpoid and Crypton's noncommercial Vocaloid software "CV-4Cβ"—as part of promotions for both Yamaha and AIST at CEATEC in 2009.[56][57] The prototype voice CV-4Cβ was created by sampling a Japanese voice actress, Eriko Nakamura.[58]

Japanese magazines such as DTM magazine are responsible for the promotion and introduction for many of the Japanese Vocaloids to Japanese Vocaloid fans. It has featured Vocaloids such as Miku, Kagamine Rin and Len, and Luka, printing some of the sketches by artist Kei and reporting the latest news on the Vocaloids. Thirty-day trial versions of Miriam, Lily and Iroha have also contributed to the marketing success of those particular voices. After the success of SF-A2 Miki's CD album, other Vocaloids such as VY1 and Iroha have also used promotional CDs as a marketing approach to selling their software. When Amazon MP3 in Japan opened on November 9, 2010, Vocaloid albums were featured as its free-of-charge contents.[59][60]

Crypton has been involved with the marketing of their Character Vocal Series, particularly Hatsune Miku, has been actively involved in the GT300 class of the Super GT since 2008 with the support of Good Smile Racing (a branch of Good Smile Company, mainly in charge of car-related products, especially itasha (cars featuring illustrations of anime-styled characters) stickers). Although Good Smile Company was not the first to bring the anime and manga culture to Super GT, it departs from others by featuring itasha directly rather than colorings onto vehicles.

Since the 2008 season, three different teams received their sponsorship under Good Smile Racing, and turned their cars to Vocaloid-related artwork:

  • Studie, which participated in the 2008 and 2009 seasons with BMW Z4 E86, and BMW Z4 GT3 in the 2011 season.[61] Their car was painted in official Hatsune Miku art in 2008 season, but started using fan-derivative versions of Hatsune Miku in some races since the 2009 season.[62][63] The team was crowned as 2011 Super GT season GT300 Champion by winning in three out of eight rounds (Sepang, Fuji 250km, as well as Motegi), which are all from pole to checkered flag.
  • Team MOLA, using a Nissan Fairlady Z, and they received sponsors on the final race in Fuji in the 2008 season. Images of Kagamine Rin and Len was added on their original colorings. The Fuji round, in fact, is the first FIA race to feature two unique itasha cars competing in a single race.[64][65]
  • Team COX, participating in the 2010 season, which used a Porsche 996 GT3 RSR and a Porsche 997 GT3-R. Their car used Racing Miku (an official Hatsune Miku derivative, wearing an orange race queen suit) as their image.

As well as involvements with the GT series, Crypton also established the website Piapro.[66] A number of games starting from Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA were produced by Sega under license using Hatsune Miku and other Crypton Vocaloids, as well as "fan made" Vocaloids. Later, a mobile phone game called Hatsune Miku Vocalo x Live was produced by Japanese mobile social gaming website Gree.[67] TinierMe Gacha also made attire that looks like Miku for their services, allowing users to make their avatar resemble the Crypton Vocaloids.[68][69]

Two unofficial manga were also produced for the series, Maker Unofficial: Hatsune Mix being the most well known of the two, which was released by Jive in their Comic Rush magazine; this series is drawn by Vocaloid artist Kei. The series features the Crypton Vocaloids in various scenarios, a different one each week. The series focuses on the Crypton Vocaloids, although Internet Co., Ltd.'s Gackpoid Vocaloid makes a guest appearance in two chapters. The series also saw guest cameos of Vocaloid variants such as Hachune Miku, Yowane Haku, Akita Neru and the Utauloid Kasane Teto. The series comprises the original 28 chapters serialized in Comic Rush and a collection of the first 10 chapters in a single tankōbon volume.[70] A manga was produced for Lily by Kei, who also drew the mascot.[71][72] An anime music video titled "Schwarzgazer", which shows the world where Lily is,[73] was produced and it was released with the album anim.o.v.e 02, however the song is sung by Move, not by Vocaloids. A yonkoma manga based on Hatsune Miku and drawn by Kentaro Hayashi, Shūkan Hajimete no Hatsune Miku!, began serialization in Weekly Young Jump on September 2, 2010.[74] Hatsune Miku appeared in Weekly Playboy magazine.[75] However, Crypton Future Media confirmed they will not be producing an anime based based on their Vocaloids as it would limit the creativity of their user base, preferring to let their user base to have freedom to create PV's without restrictions.[76]

Initially, Crypton Future Media were the only studio that was allowed the license of figurines to be produced for their Vocaloids. A number of figurines and plush dolls were also released under license to Max Factory and the Good Smile Company of Crypton's Vocaloids. Among these figures were also Figma models of the entire "Character Vocal Series" mascots as well as Nendoroid figures of various Crypton Vocaloids and variants. Pullip versions of Hatsune Miku, Kagamine Len and Rin have also been produced for release in April 2011; other Vocaloid dolls have since been announced from the Pullip doll line.[77][78] As part of promotions for Vocaloid Lily, license for a figurine was given to Phat Company and Lily became the first non-Crypton Vocaloid to receive a figurine.[79]

In regards to the English Vocaloid studios, Power FX's Sweet Ann was given her own MySpace page and Sonika her own Twitter account. In comparison to Japanese studios, Zero-G and PowerFX maintain a high level of contact with their fans. Zero-G in particular encourages fan feed back and, after adopting Sonika as a mascot for their studio, has run two competitions related to her.[80][81] There was also talk from PowerFX of redoing their Sweet Ann box art and a competition would be included as part of the redesign.[82] The Vocaloid Lily also had a competition held during her trial period.[83] English Vocaloids have not sold enough to warrant extras, such as seen with Crypton's Miku Append. However, it has been confirmed if the English Vocaloids become more popular, then Appends would be an option in the future. Crypton plans to start an electronic magazine for English readers at the end of 2010 in order to encourage the growth of the English Vocaloid fanbase. Extracts of PowerFX's Sweet Ann and Big Al were included in Soundation Studio in their Christmas loops and sound release with a competition included.[84]

Crypton and Toyota began working together to promote the launch of the 2011 Toyota Corolla using Hatsune Miku to promote the car. The launch of the car also marked the start of Miku's debut in the US alongside it.[85] Crypton had always sold Hatsune Miku as a virtual instrument, but they decided to ask their own fanbase in Japan if it was okay with them to market her to the United States as a virtual singer instead.[86]

Promotional events

The largest promotional event for Vocaloids is "The Voc@loid M@ster" (Vom@s) convention held four times a year in Tokyo or the neighboring Kanagawa Prefecture. The event brings producers and illustrators involved with the production of Vocaloid art and music together so they can sell their work to others. The original event was held in 2007 with 48 groups, or "circles", given permission to host stalls at the event for the selling of their goods. The event soon gained popularity and at the 14th event, nearly 500 groups had been chosen to have stalls. Additionally, Japanese companies involved with production of the software also have stalls at the events.[87][88] The very first live concert related to Vocaloid was held in 2004 with the Vocaloid Miriam in Russia.[89]

Vocaloids have also been promoted at events such as the NAMM show and the Musikmesse fair. In fact, it was the promotion of Zero-G's Lola and Leon at the NAMM trade show that would later introduce PowerFX to the Vocaloid program.[82] These events have also become an opportunity for announcing new Vocaloids with Prima being announced at the NAMM event in 2007 and Tonio having been announced at the NAMM event in 2009.[90] A customized, Chinese version of Sonika was released at the Fancy Frontier Develop Animation Festival, as well as with promotional versions with stickers and posters. Sanrio held a booth at Comiket 78 featuring the voice of an unreleased Vocaloid. AH Software in cooperation with Sanrio shared a booth and the event was used to advertise both the a Hello Kitty game and AH Software's new Vocaloid.[91] At the Nico Nico Douga Daikaigi 2010 Summer: Egao no Chikara event, Internet Co., Ltd. announced their latest Vocaloid "Gachapoid" based on popular children's character Gachapin.

Originally, Hiroyuki Ito—President of Crypton Future Media—claimed that Hatsune Miku was not a virtual idol but a kind of the Virtual Studio Technology instrument.[92] However, Hatsune Miku performed her first "live" concert like a virtual idol on a projection screen during Animelo Summer Live at the Saitama Super Arena on August 22, 2009.[93][94] At the "MikuFes '09 (Summer)" event on August 31, 2009, her image was screened by rear projection on a mostly-transparent screen.[95] Miku also performed her first overseas live concert on November 21, 2009, during Anime Festival Asia (AFA) in Singapore.[96][97] On March 9, 2010, Miku's first solo live performance titled "Miku no Hi Kanshasai 39's Giving Day" was opened at the Zepp Tokyo in Odaiba, Tokyo.[98][99] The tour was run as part of promotions for Sega's Hatsune Miku: Project Diva video game in March 2010.[100] The success and possibility of these tours is owed to the popularity of Hatsune Miku and so far Crypton is the only studio to have established a world tour of their Vocaloids.

Later, the CEO of Crypton Future Media appeared in San Francisco at the start of the San Francisco tour where the first Hatsune Miku concert was hosted in North America on September 18, 2010, featuring songs provided by the Miku software voice.[101][102] A second screening of the concert was on October 11, 2010 in the San Francisco Viz Cinema. A screening of the concert was also shown in New York City in the city's anime festival.[103] Hiroyuki Ito, and planner/producer, Wataru Sasaki, who were responsible for Miku's creation, attended an event on October 8, 2010 at the festival.[104][105] Videos of her performance are due to be released worldwide.[106] Megpoid and Gackpoid were also featured in the 2010 King Run Anison Red and White concert. This event also used the same projector method to display Megpoid and Gackpoid on a large screen. Their appearance at the concert was done as a one-time event and both Vocaloids were featured singing a song originally sung by their respective voice provider.[107]

The next live concert was set for Tokyo on March 9, 2011.[108] Other events included the Vocarock Festival 2011 on January 11, 2011 and the Vocaloid Festa which was held on February 12, 2011.[109][110][111] The Vocaloid Festa had also hosted a competition officially endorsed by Pixiv, with the winner seeing their creation unveiled at Vocafes2 on May 29, 2011.[112] The first Vocaloid concert in North America was held in Los Angeles on July 2, 2011 at the Nokia Theater during Anime Expo; the concert was identical to the March 9, 2010 event except for a few improvements and new songs.[113] Another concert was held in Sapporo on August 16 and 17, 2011. Hatsune Miku also had a concert in Singapore on November 11, 2011. The most recent concert was held on March 8 and 9, 2012 in Tokyo called "Special Thanks 39's Part 2".

Cultural impact

Hatsune Miku is mostly responsible for Vocaloid's success.

The software became very popular in Japan upon the release of Crypton Future Media's Hatsune Miku Vocaloid 2 software and her success has led to the popularity of the Vocaloid software in general.[114] Japanese video sharing website Nico Nico Douga played a fundamental role in the recognition and popularity of the software. A user of Hatsune Miku and an illustrator released a much-viewed video, in which "Hachune Miku", a super deformed Miku, held a Welsh onion (leek) (Negi in Japanese) and sang the Finnish song "Ievan Polkka" like the flash animation "Loituma Girl", on Nico Nico Douga.[115] According to Crypton, they knew that users of Nico Nico Douga had started posting videos with songs created by the software before Hatsune Miku, but the video presented multifarious possibilities of applying the software in multimedia content creation—notably the dōjin culture.[116] As the recognition and popularity of the software grew, Nico Nico Douga became a place for collaborative content creation. Popular original songs written by a user would generate illustrations, animation in 2D and 3D, and remixes by other users. Other creators would show their unfinished work and ask for ideas.[117] The software has also been used to tell stories using song and verse and the Story of Evil series has become so popular that a manga, six books, and two theatre works were produced by the series creator.[118][119] Another theater production based on "Cantarella", a song sung by Kaito and produced by Kurousa-P, was also set to hit the stage and will run Shibuya's Space Zero theater in Tokyo from August 3 to August 7, 2011.[120] The website has become so influential that studios often post demos on Nico Nico Douga, as well as other websites such as YouTube, as part of the promotional effort of their Vocaloid products. The important role Nico Nico Douga has played in promoting the Vocaloids also sparked interest in the software and Kentaro Miura, the artist of Gakupo's mascot design, had offered his services for free because of his love for the website.[121]

In September 2009, three figurines based on the derivative character "Hachune Miku" were launched in a rocket from the United States state of Nevada's Black Rock Desert, though it did not reach outer space.[122][123] In late November 2009, a petition was launched in order to get a custom made Hatsune Miku aluminum plate (8 cm x 12 cm, 3.1" x 4.7") made that would be used as a balancing weight for the Japanese Venus space probe Akatsuki.[124] Started by Hatsune Miku fan Sumio Morioka that goes by chodenzi-P, this project received the backing of Dr. Seiichi Sakamoto of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).[125] The website of the petition written in Japanese was translated into other languages such as English, Russian, Chinese and Korean, and, the petition exceeded the needed 10,000 signatures necessary to have the plates made on December 22, 2009.[126] On May 21, 2010 at 06:58:22 (JST), Akatsuki was launched on the rocket H-IIA 202 Flight 17 from the Japanese spaceport Tanegashima Space Center, having three plates depicting Hatsune Miku.[127][128]

The Vocaloid software has also had a great influence on the character Black Rock Shooter, which looks like Hatsune Miku but is not linked to her by design. The character was made famous by the song "Black Rock Shooter",[129] and a number of figurines have been made. An original video animation made by Ordet was streamed for free as part of a promotional campaign running from June 25 to August 31, 2010.[130] The virtual idols "Meaw" have also been released aimed at the Vocaloid culture. The twin Thai virtual idols released two singles, "Meaw Left ver." and "Meaw Right ver.", sung in Japanese.[131][132]

A cafe for one day only was opened in Tokyo based on Hatsune Miku on August 31, 2010.[133] A second event was arranged for all Japanese Vocaloids.[134] "Snow Miku" was also featured on an event as a part of the 62nd Sapporo Snow Festival in February 2011.[135] A Vocaloid-themed TV show on the Japanese Vocaloids called Vocalo Revolution began airing on Kyoto Broadcasting System on January 3, 2011.[136][137] The show is part of a bid to make the Vocaloid culture more widely accepted and features a mascot known as "Cul", also mascot of the "Cul Project".[138] The show's first success story is a joint collaboration between Vocalo Revolution and the school fashion line "Cecil McBee" Music x Fashion x Dance.[139][140] Piapro also held a competition with famous fashion brands with the winners seeing their Lolita-based designs reproduced for sale by the company Putumayo.[141] A radio station set up a 1 hour program containing nothing but Vocaloid-based music.[142]

The Vocaloid software had a great influence on the development of the freeware Utau.[143] Several products were produced for the Macne series (Mac音シリーズ) for intended use for the programs Reason 4 and GarageBand. These products were sold by Act2 and by converting their file format, were able to also work with the Utau program.[144] The program Maidloid, developed for the character Acme Iku (阿久女イク), was also developed, which works in a similar way to Vocaloid, except produces erotic sounds rather than an actual singing voice.[145] Other than Vocaloid, AH Software also developed Tsukuyomi Ai and Shouta for the software Voiceroid, and the sale of their Vocaloids gave AH software the chance to promote Voiceroid at the same time. The software is aimed for speaking rather than singing. Both AH Software's Vocaloids and Voiceroids went on sale on December 4, 2009.[146] Crypton Future Media has been reported to openly welcome these additional software developments as it expands the market for synthesized voices.

During the events of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, a number of Vocaloid related donation drives were produced. Crypton Future Media joined several other companies in a donation drive, with money spent on the sales of music from Crypton Future Media's KarenT label being donated to the Japanese Red Cross.[147] In addition, a special Nendoroid of Hatsune Miku, Nendoroid Hatsune Miku: Support ver., was announced with a donation of 1,000 yen per sale to the Japanese Red Cross.[148]

In 2013, the Vocaloid 3 software Oliver was used as the voice of Cartoon Hangover character Puppycat from their web series Bee and Puppycat.[149][150]

Music

The earliest use of Vocaloid related software used prototypes of Kaito and Meiko and were featured on the album History of Logic System by Hideki Matsutake released on July 24, 2003, and sang the song "Ano Subarashii Ai o Mō Ichido". The first album to be released using a full commercial Vocaloid was A Place in the Sun, which used Leon's voice for the vocals singing in both Russian and English.[151] Miriam has also been featured in two albums, Light + Shade[152] and Continua.[153] Japanese progressive-electronic artist Susumu Hirasawa used the Lola Vocaloid in the original soundtrack of Paprika by Satoshi Kon.[154][155] The software's biggest asset is its ability to see continued usage even long after its initial release date. Leon was featured in the album 32bit Love by Muzehack and Lola in Operator's Manual by anaROBIK; both were featured in these albums six years after they were released.[156] Even early on in the software's history, the music making progress proved to be a valuable asset to the Vocaloid development as it not only opened up the possibilities of how the software may be applied in practice, but led to the creation of further Vocaloids to fill in the missing roles the software had yet to cover. The album A Place in the Sun was noted to have songs that were designed for a male voice with a rougher timbre than the Vocaloid Leon could provide; this later led to the development of Big Al to fulfill this particular role.[157]

Some of the most popular albums are on the Exit Tunes label, featuring the works of Vocaloid producers in Japan. One of the Vocaloid compilations, Exit Tunes Presents Vocalogenesis feat. Hatsune Miku, debuted at No. 1 on the Japanese weekly Oricon albums chart in May 2010, becoming the first Vocaloid album ever to top the charts.[158] The album sold 23,000 copies in its first week and eventually sold 86,000 copies. The following released album, Exit Tunes Presents Vocalonexus feat. Hatsune Miku, became the second Vocaloid album to top the weekly charts in January 2011.[159] Another album, Supercell, by the group Supercell[160] also features a number of songs using Vocaloids. Upon its release in North America, it became ranked as the second highest album on Amazon's bestselling MP3 album in the international category in the United States and topped the store's bestselling chart for world music on iTunes.[161] Other albums, such as 19's Sound Factory's First Sound Story[162] and Livetune's Re:Repackage, and Re:Mikus[163][164] also feature Miku's voice. Other uses of Miku include the albums Sakura no Ame (桜ノ雨) by Absorb and Miku no Kanzume (みくのかんづめ) by OSTER-project. Kagamine Len and Rin's songs were covered by Asami Shimoda in the album Prism credited to "Kagamine Rin/Len feat. Asami Shimoda".[165] The compilation album Vocarock Collection 2 feat. Hatsune Miku was released by Farm Records on December 15, 2010,[166] and was later featured on the Cool Japan Music iPhone app in February 2011.[167] The record label Balloom became the first label to focus solely on Vocaloid-related works and their first release was Unhappy Refrain by the Vocaloid producer Wowaka.[168][169] Hatsune Miku's North American debut song "World is Mine" ranked at No. 7 in the iTunes world singles ranking in the week of its release.[170] Singer Gackt also challenged Gackpoid users to create a song, with the prize being 10 million yen, stating if the song was to his liking he would sing and include it in his next album.[171] The winning song "Episode 0" and runner up song "Paranoid Doll" were later released by Gackt on July 13, 2011.[172] In relation to the Good Smiling racing promotions that Crypton Future Media Vocaloids had played part in, the album Hatsune Miku GT Project Theme Song Collection was released in August 2011 as part of a collaboration.[173]

In the month prior to her release, SF-A2 Miki was featured in the album Vocaloids X'mas: Shiroi Yoru wa Seijaku o Mamotteru as part of her promotion. The album featured the Vocaloid singing Christmas songs.[174] Miki was also featured singing the introduction of the game Hello Kitty to Issho! Block Crash 123!!. A young female prototype used for the "project if..." series was used in Sound Horizon's musical work "Ido e Itaru Mori e Itaru Ido", labeled as the "prologue maxi". The prototype sang alongside Miku for their music and is known only by the name "Junger März_Prototype β".[175][176] For Yamaha's VY1 Vocaloid, an album featuring VY1 was created. The album was released with the deluxe version of the program. It includes various well-known producers from Nico Nico Douga and YouTube and includes covers of various popular and well-known Vocaloid songs using the VY1 product.[177] The first press edition of Nekomura Iroha was released with a CD containing her two sample songs "Tsubasa" and "Abbey Fly", and the install disc also contained VSQ files of the two songs for use with her program.[178] A number of Vocaloid related music, including songs starring Hatsune Miku, were featured in the arcade game Music Gun Gun! 2.[179] One of the rare singles with the English speaking Sonika, "Suburban Taxi", was released by Alexander Stein and the German label Volume0dB on March 11, 2010.[180]

To celebrate the release of the Vocaloid 3 software, a compilation album titled The Vocaloids was released. The CD contains 18 songs sung by Vocaloids released in Japan and contains a booklet with information about the Vocaloid characters.[181]

Legal implications

For illustrations of the characters, Crypton Future Media licensed "original illustrations of Hatsune Miku, Kagamine Rin, Kagamine Len, Megurine Luka, Meiko and Kaito" under Creative Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported ("CC BY-NC"), allowing for artists to use the characters in noncommercial adaptations and derivations with attribution.[182][183]

According to Crypton, because professional female singers refused to provide voice samples, in fear that the software might create their singing voice's clones, Crypton changed their focus from imitating certain singers to creating characteristic vocals. This change of focus led to sampling vocals of voice actors and the Japanese voice actor agency Arts Vision supported the development.[184] Similar concerns are expressed throughout the other studios using Vocaloid, with Zero-G refusing to release the names of their providers and Miriam Stockley (who provided the voice for Miriam) remains the only known Zero-G voice provider.[185] PowerFX only hinted at Sweet Ann's voice provider and only Big Al's is known. AH Software named Miki's voice provider, but for legal reasons cannot name Kaai Yuki's as minors were the subject of the recordings.

Any rights or obligations arising from the vocals created by the software belong to the software user. Just like any music synthesizer, the software is treated as a musical instrument and the vocals as sound. Under the term of license, the mascots for the software can be used to create vocals for commercial or non-commercial use as long as the vocals do not offend public policy. In other words, the user is bound under the term of license of the software not to synthesize derogatory or disturbing lyrics. On the other hand, copyrights to the mascot image and name belong to their respective studios. Under the term of license, a user cannot commercially distribute a vocal as a song sung by the character, nor use the mascot image on commercial products, without the consent of the studio who owns them.[186]

Employees working within the studios are bound by legal implications not to repeat any details given to them from Yamaha on Vocaloid development without Yamaha's permission. They are also not allowed to disclose details of upcoming Vocaloids without permission of the Vocaloid studio nor reveal the identity of the singer if the studio does not make it public.

On November 29, 2010, Crypton started an independent music publication for seeking copyright royalties if songs are used for commercial purposes such as karaoke, because Vocaloid users hardly used the copyright collective Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC).[187] Due to the fact songs using the software are made by independent users, the act of plagiarism has remained a highly controversial issue among Vocaloid users and their published works. This has been a heated issue on both illustrative and musical levels with songs and their publishers being targeted by allegations of stealing the works of others.[188] In January 2011, Japanese boyband KAT-TUN were forced to admit plagiarism against their song "Never×Over~「-」Is Your Part~", after the producer of the song admitted it was influenced by the Vocaloid song "Dye" produced by AVTechNO, after fans expressed their outrage over the similarities of the two songs.[189][190][191] However, AVTechNO also released a statement explaining that the members of the band were not to blame for this incident.[192]

Controversial issues

Since the Vocaloid or its vocal library is released for producers to do as they please, some producers think of the Vocaloids as dolls and that they can make them sing whatever they want. The portrayals of Vocaloids can at times touch controversial issues. Releases put out as young children risk becoming subject to sexual or pedophilic portrayals.[193]

One of the most controversial uses of the legal agreements of any Vocaloid producing studio was from the Democratic Party of Japan, whose running candidate, Kenzo Fujisue, attempted to secure the use of Miku's image in the Japanese House of Councillors election of July 11, 2010. The hope was that the party could use her image to appeal to younger voters. Although Crypton Future Media rejected the party's use of her image or name for political purposes, Fujisue released the song "We Are the One" using her voice but not credited to her on YouTube, by replacing her image with the party's character in the music video.[194]

When Vocaloid was first released, studios had more freedom to choose their own art directions and designs for box art, such as when stock images were used for English Vocaloids. However, by 2012, Yamaha had gone so far as to direct the art style of artwork for new Vocaloids into a strict anime-style. The theory put behind the sudden change of attitude from Yamaha was from over the reaction to the original artwork to the first two Spanish Vocaloid packages Bruno and Clara, which was met with outcry from Vocaloid fans over the artwork style.[195]

Reception

Despite the success of the software in Japan, overseas customers have been reluctant on the software overall. In contrast to the reaction overseas, reviewers such as Michael Stipe of R.E.M. praised when it was first announced in 2003.[2] Stipe noted that one of the more useful aspects of the software was that it gave singers a method of preserving their voice for future use should they lose their own, but as the technology progressed it could also be used to bring back the voices of singers whose voices have already been lost.[2] However, while the provider of "Miriam", Miriam Stockley, had accepted that there was little point in fighting progress, she had noted there was little control over how her voice was used once the software was in the hands of others.[2] At the time of its release, Popular Science reported that, "Synthetic vocals have never even come close to fooling the ear, and outside of certain Kraftwerk chestnuts, robo-crooning is offputting." It was noted that the Vocaloid software was the first to touch the uncanny job of recreating the human voice.[196]

Reception to Vocaloid 2 was generally better. When Sweet Ann was first released, John Walden of Sound on Sound had reviewed Leon, Lola and Miriam and noted that Vocaloid itself had no previous rival technology to contend with, and praised Yamaha for their efforts as Vocaloid was an ambitious project to undertake, considering the human voice was more complex to synthesize than instruments such as the violin.[197] In reviewing Vocaloid 2, he referred to the original software engine in a passing comment stating, "Undoubtedly a remarkable and innovative product and, with experience and patience, was capable of producing results that could be frighteningly realistic." While he congratulated the improvements made in Vocaloid 2, he noted the software was still far from being regarded as a top rate singer.[198] Particularly what makes Vocaloid difficult to sell as a product is the notion that the human ear can pick up faults in vocal speech.[199] When reviewing Tonio, Sound on Sound writer Tom Flint argued that in the amount of time it takes to understand and learn how to use the software, it would be easier to hire a singer for half an hour to do the recording session. He, along with fellow writer John Walden during a review on Sonika, both stated singers will not fear losing their jobs just yet.[200][201]

When interviewed by the Vocaloid producing company Zero-G, music producer Robert Hedin described how the software offered a creative freedom. He compared it to auto-tuning software, stating the Vocaloid software itself has enough imperfections to present itself as a singer who does not sound human. However, he states that Vocaloid also does not "snap into tune" like auto-tuning software, which the music industry seems to favor these days.[202] Giuseppe, who had produced demo songs for both Zero-G and PowerFX Vocaloids, and is now aiding in the production of Spanish based Vocaloids, had noted that each Vocaloid package worked the same way. However, each vocal has its own unique personality to it, so choosing one vocal over another is not easy. He hoped that the Vocaloid software will continue to progress forward so long as its userbase continues to push it forward. He also noted that the software's slow start and its early bad reputation was the hardest part for the software to overcome in regards to its success, and like any commercial product, a decrease in sales would result in a decrease in development. However, focus had switched from focusing on the vocals to focusing on the boxart character mascot itself at this point.[203]

The CEO of Crypton Future Media noted the lack of interest in Vocaloids overall was put down to the lack of response in the initial Vocaloid software. In regards to the development of the English version of the software specifically, many studios when approached by Crypton Future Media for recommendations towards developing the English Vocaloids had no interest in the software initially, with one particular company representative calling it a "toy". A level of failure was put on Leon and Lola for lack of sales in the United States, putting the blame on their British accents.[184] Crypton praised the value of the English Vocaloids and what they offered to the Japanese users for their capability of offering the English language to them, when it would otherwise be off limits. As Hatsune Miku was responsible for making the software famous, her voice has become the most commonly associated with the Vocaloid software and divides opinions of critics both overseas and within Japan on their opinions towards her and the software.[204][205] Crypton blamed a fear of robots on part of the lack of response on the sale of the software overseas and expressed that there was also a general "anti-Vocaloid" point of view amongst some cultures and communities, although he also noted that he hoped in the future this would change as the software continued to be developed.[206] Prior to the release of the Hatsune Miku product, Crypton Future Media had also noted there was some criticism at choosing to release the original Vocaloid engine as a commercial licensing product, although felt that the choice was for the better of the engine. Furthermore, it was noted that the original Vocaloid engine felt more like a prototype for future engine versions.[24]

Even with the lack of success for the English version of the software in the United States, Crypton Future Media reported that about half of music downloads at the iTunes Store for songs of Crypton's label KarenT, published by Japanese producers, have been from overseas purchases, with sales from American consumers making up the majority of percentages of overseas sales.[207] Despite experiencing good sales in Europe, it was reported the software is failing to attract a satisfactory level of attention, and software developers are now setting their sights on trying to overturn the lack of interest in the software in Europe.[208]

Hatsune Miku picked up second place in a 2010 Japanese Yahoo! poll on Japanese gamers' favorite characters, owed to her starring role in Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA 2nd.[209] CNN's website CNNGo declared Hatsune Miku as one of Japan's best in their "Tokyo best and worst of 2010", listing her as the "Best new virtual singer for the otaku generation".[210] Clash magazine labeled Hatsune Miku and the Vocaloid software as the future of music.[211]

Vocaloid was sold as a product for professional musicians, and although there were many producers using the software within Japan by 2011, a report was released detailing the true reflections of the Vocaloid craze. It was conducted independently by fans of the Vocaloid software and detailed the popularity of certain Vocaloids over others. Most Vocaloid related videos struggled to get over 5,000 views and the most popular producers gaining the most interest over lesser popular producers. In order of the most video uploads were Hatsune Miku (first), Kagamine Rin (second), Gumi (third), Megurine Luka (fourth), Kagamine Len (fifth) and Kaito (sixth) had the most videos uploaded related to them, while all other Vocaloids had less than 1,000 uploads related to them. This was not true for all the calculations they ran to determine the popularity, including average and mean views and mylists. In the end, only Gumi and the Kagamine software packages managed to stay on the top six lists of all their calculations, with popular Vocaloid Hatsune Miku failing to make it on the mean average top six list calculations for the study period.[212]

In 2013, it was estimated that about 30% of all videos updated each month on Niconico were Vocaloid related (800-1000 people uploading). It was also noted that when this number reached 35% it would mean 1/3 of all videos uploaded onto Niconico would be Vocaloid related.[213]

See also

References

This article incorporates information from this version of the equivalent article on the Japanese Wikipedia.
  1. ↑ "Voctro Labs - Advanced Voice Technologies". Voctro Labs. Retrieved April 6, 2013. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Werde, Bill (November 23, 2003). "MUSIC; Could I Get That Song in Elvis, Please?". The New York Times. pp. 1–6. Retrieved October 23, 2010. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Kenmochi, Hideki; Ohshima, Hayato. "VOCALOID - Commercial singing synthesizer based on sample concatenation" (PDF). Interspeech 2007. Center for Advanced Sound Technologies, Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved January 9, 2011. 
  4. ↑ Wilkinson, Scott (August 1, 2003). "Humanoid or Vocaloid". Electronic Musician. Retrieved July 1, 2010. 
  5. ↑ "初音ミクなどの人気曲だけを集めた高音質コンピCDが登場！" [A High Sound Quality Compilation CD, Collecting Only Popular Songs such as Hatsune Miku's, Appears!]. Dengeki Online (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. June 12, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2011. 
  6. ↑ "初音ミクCD、週間ランキングでも初のオリコン1位に" [Hatsune Miku CD Scores the First Oricon Number-One on the Weekly Ranking] (in Japanese). IT Media. May 25, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2011. 
  7. ↑ "Vocaloid Miriam". Zero-G. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Interview of Hideki Kenmochi". DTM magazine (in Japanese) (Terajima Joho Kikaku) 15 (2 (January Special ed. The Vocaloid CV01 Hatsune Miku)): pp. 36–39. January 2008. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Kenmochi, Hideki; Ohshima, Hayato (February 8, 2008). "Singing synthesis system "Vocaloid" Current situation and todo lists" (PDF). IPSJ SIG Technical Reports (in Japanese) (The Information Processing Society of Japan) 2008 (12): pp. 51–56. ISSN 0919-6072. 
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  11. ↑ "歌詞とメロディを入力すると歌い出す ヤマハが歌声合成ソフト開発" [Input Lyrics and Melody and Singing is Produced: Yamaha Develops Singing Synthesis Software] (in Japanese). IT Media. February 26, 2003. Retrieved January 9, 2011. 
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  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "デジタルコンテンツの知的財産権に関する調査研究：進化するコンテンツビジネスモデルとその収益性・合法性—VOCALOID2、初音ミク、ユーザ、UGMサイト、権利者—報告書" [The Research and Study about the Intellectual Property Right of the Digital Contents: Developing Contents Business Model and Its Profitability and Legality—Vocaloid 2, Hatsune Miku, an User, UGM Site and a Rightful Claimant—The Report] (PDF) (in Japanese). The Digital Content Association of Japan. March 2008. pp. 30–51. Retrieved January 16, 2011. 
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  23. ↑ Zero-G e-mail; "It is true that Yamaha are not supporting Vocaloid 1 - that means they will not make Leon, Lola or Miriam work 100% on the latest PC systems like Windows 7 or 64 bit. It is unlikely these voices will be upgraded to Vocaloid 3 or later versions. It could happen, but it is unlikely. It would be expensive and time consuming to re-work the phoneme databases, and at the moment time is better spent developing new voices."
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "(Vocaloid2情報)今日が最後の夜・・・" [(Vocaloid 2 News) This is the Last Night...] (in Japanese). Crypton Future Media. July 12, 2007. Retrieved May 13, 2012. 
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  30. ↑ "VOCALOID3: Release Date, New Features and Voicebanks". Vocaloidism. June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Tomoyasu Nakano and Masataka Goto (July 6, 2009). "VocaListener: A Singing-to-Singing Synthesis System Based on Iterative Parameter Estimation". Retrieved July 27, 2011. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Tomoyasu Nakano and Masataka Goto. "VocaListener（ぼかりす）: ユーザ歌唱の歌い方を真似る歌声合成パラメータを自動推定するシステム" (in Japanese). Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  33. ↑ "歌声合成ソフト 「VOCALOID™」の新バージョン『VOCALOID™3』を開発" ['VOCALOID™3', the new version of the voice synthesis software 'VOCALOID™' is in development] (in Japanese). Yamaha. June 8, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011. 
  34. ↑ "Yamaha Updates Vocaloid Vocal Music Synthesis Engine". Anime News Network. June 8, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011. 
  35. ↑ "Aoki Lapis and Megpoid Native Release Dates Announced". Vocaloidsm. February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012. 
  36. ↑ "Bruno & Clara finally available!". Voctro Labs. December 23, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2013. 
  37. ↑ "Speech Synthesizer Could ‘Resurrect’ Dead Singers". Wired. December 20, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2011. 
  38. ↑ "Yamaha and Crypton Announce New Products at Press Event". Vocaloidism. July 24, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013. 
  39. ↑ "ONA, la cantant virtual" (in Spanish). Voctro Labs. Retrieved January 28, 2014. 
  40. ↑ "ヤマハが歌声合成ソフトVOCALOID（ヴォーカロイド）の新バージョン 表現豊かにしゃべる機能を付加したVOCALOID-flexの提供を開始" [The Start of the New Version of Yamaha's Singing Synthesizer Vocaloid Presents an Additional Rich Speaking Function called Vocaloid-flex] (in Japanese). Yamaha Corporation. February 25, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010. 
  41. ↑ "ヤマハ、"しゃべる"機能を追加した「VOCALOID-flex」を開発" [Yamaha's Added "Speaking" Function "Vocaloid-flex"'s Development] (in Japanese). Internet Watch. February 25, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010. 
  42. ↑ Matsuo, Kōya (October 6, 2010). "CEATEC JAPAN 2010：美少女ロボ「HRP-4C未夢」と「ぼかりす」を結ぶ産総研内コラボ「ぼかうお」とは？" [CEATEC Japan 2010: What is the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology's Collaboration "Bokauo", Which Combines the Beautiful Girl Robot "HRP-4C Mīmu" with "Bokarisu"?] (in Japanese). IT Media. Retrieved October 24, 2010. 
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  44. ↑ "Online VocaListener". Vocaloidism. May 3, 2009. Retrieved July 13, 2010. 
  45. ↑ "Vocaloid Promotion Video Project". MikuMikuDance. GeoCities. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  46. ↑ "MikuMikuDance v7.39 is the final release.". Vocaloidism. May 29, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011. 
  47. ↑ "NetVocaloid". Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved October 7, 2010. 
  48. ↑ Matsuo, Kōya (October 7, 2010). "初音ミクとも簡単に対話できる「MMDAgent」、その詳細を聞いてきた" [I Heard about The Details of "MMDAgent", Which Allows You to Easily Talk with Hatsune Miku Too] (in Japanese). IT Media. Retrieved October 15, 2010. 
  49. ↑ "MMDAgent - Toolkit for Building Voice Interaction Systems". MMDAgent. Retrieved January 21, 2011. 
  50. ↑ "MMDAgent - Talk to any 3D model you want interactively!". Vocaloidism. September 25, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010. 
  51. ↑ "第436回:「VOCALOID」がiPad/iPhone進出～「Y2 AUTUMN 2010」。NETDUETTOでオンラインセッション ～" [Part 436: Vocaloid on the iPad/iPhone: Y2 Autumn 2010. at Netduetto Online Session] (in Japanese). AV Watch. October 18, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010. 
  52. ↑ "Vocaloid Editor for Cubase" (in Japanese). Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved September 5, 2012. 
  53. ↑ link
  54. ↑ "歌声合成ソフト「VOCALOID」と同等な機能を持つ、各種機器に組み込み可能なハードウェア『VOCALOID-board』を開発" [The Development of a "Vocaloid-Board" Hardware Version of Voice Synthesis Software Vocaloid to Include Equivalent Functionality and Every Kind of Tool] (in Japanese). Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved October 21, 2010. 
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  63. ↑ "Itasha storm in Super GT. Report of Final Race at Mt. Fuji (Page 3)" (in Japanese). ASCII. November 11, 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2008. 
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  68. ↑ "Hatsune Miku x TineirMe Gacha". Gcrest Entertainment. Retrieved July 23, 2010. 
  69. ↑ "Hatsune Miku to Appear in American MMO TinierMe". Anime News Network. July 21, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010. 
  70. ↑ "メーカー非公式初音みっくす 1" [Maker Unofficial: Hatsune Mix 1] (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
  71. ↑ "anim.o.v.e 02 情報更新!" [anim.o.v.e 02 News Update!] (in Japanese). Avex Group. June 22, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
  72. ↑ "Schwarzgazer digicomic movie 動画サイトアップ!" [Schwarzgazer Digicomic Movie on Video Sites!] (in Japanese). Avex Group. July 28, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
  73. ↑ "Lily 情報" [Lily News] (in Japanese). Internet Co., Ltd. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
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  75. ↑ "Virtual Idol Hatsune Miku to Appear in Japan's Weekly Playboy". Anime News Network. March 22, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  76. ↑ Macias, Patrick (July 21, 2011). "CRN Interview: The Creators of Hatsune Miku". Crunchyroll. Retrieved August 3, 2011. 
  77. ↑ "New Groove Pullip Dolls". Vocaloidism. January 11, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2011. 
  78. ↑ "かわいい研究家さまご一行　　来社!" [A Group of Cute Researchers Visit the Company!] (in Japanese). Groove. January 23, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2011. 
  79. ↑ "Magazine scans July 2010". Neko Magic. July 22, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010. 
  80. ↑ "Sonika’s New Look Competition!!!". Zero-G. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
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  83. ↑ "Drawing Contest to win a copy of Vocaloid Lily". Vocaloid Creativity Community. August 10, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010. 
  84. ↑ "Soundation Studio Includes Vocaloid Christmas Song Excerpts". Vocaloidism. December 15, 2010. Retrieved December 15, 2010. 
  85. ↑ "The 2011 Toyota Corolla Marks Miku's US Debut". Vocaloidism. May 6, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011. 
  86. ↑ "Crypton's Twitter page" (in Japanese). Twitter. May 10, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2011. 
  87. ↑ "ボーカロイドonly event「THE VOC@LOiD M@STER」" [Vocaloid Only Event "The Voc@loid M@ster"] (in Japanese). Ketto. Retrieved November 3, 2010. 
  88. ↑ "Upcoming Vom@s to be the largest ever". Vocaloid Creativity Community. November 2, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010. 
  89. ↑ "Vocaloid's FIRST public performance!". Jasmine Music Technology. December 6, 2004. Retrieved January 3, 2012. 
  90. ↑ "Vocaloid TONIO announced at NAMM 2010! Brand new male classical virtual singer". Zero-G. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
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  93. ↑ "Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol Performs 'Live' Before 25,000". Anime News Network. August 23, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2009. 
  94. ↑ "影山、堀江、初音ミクも！「アニサマ」出演者追加" [Also Kageyama, Horie and Hatsune Miku! Performers for "Anisama" Are Added]. Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon. August 6, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2010. 
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  96. ↑ "Virtual Idol "Hatsune Miku" to perform overseas at "I LOVE anisong" stage!". Anime Festival Asia. Retrieved November 24, 2009. 
  97. ↑ "「電子の歌姫」初音ミクが海外初公演" ["Electronic Diva" Hatsune Miku's First Oversea Concert Is Held] (in Japanese). Nikkan Sports. November 21, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2010. 
  98. ↑ "Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol to Hold 1st Solo Concert". Anime News Network. December 10, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2010. 
  99. ↑ "初音ミクによるソロコンサートが開催、39個の秘密も明らかに" [Hatsune Miku Performs A Solo Concert, And 39 Secrets Are Revealed] (in Japanese). Famitsu. March 10, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010. 
  100. ↑ "Online Movement: Hatsune Miku World Tour". Vocaloidism. July 18, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010. 
  101. ↑ "Hatsune Miku: Virtual Idol Film Concert". New People. September 18, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010. 
  102. ↑ "San Francisco to Host Hatsune Miku's 1st U.S. 'Concert'". Anime News Network. September 7, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010. 
  103. ↑ "Hatsune Miku 'Concert,' Creator Add Dates in SF, NY". Anime News Network. October 1, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010. 
  104. ↑ "NY Anime Fest Hosts Hatsune Miku Makers, An Café Bassist". Anime News Network. September 9, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010. 
  105. ↑ "Hatsune Miku! Shamisen! Pop Culture Diplomacy! All at NYAF through Japan Foundation!". Medium At Large. September 8, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010. 
  106. ↑ "Hatsune Miku is pop's biggest draw as Japanese 3D cartoon stage sensation". Metro. October 21, 2010. Retrieved October 23, 2010. 
  107. ↑ "「キングラン アニソン紅白2010」に「がくぽ」と「GUMI」が出演を果たした件" [At "King Run Anison Red and White 2010" Gakupo and Gumi Appeared] (in Japanese). Hatsune Miku Miku. January 2, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2011. 
  108. ↑ "Hatsune Miku 2011 Live Concert in Tokyo Announced!". Moetron. December 8, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010. 
  109. ↑ "VOCAROCK collection feat. 初音ミク presents VOCAROCK festival 2011" [Vocarock Collection feat. Hatsune Miku presents Vocarock Festival 2011] (in Japanese). Farm Records. Retrieved December 22, 2010. 
  110. ↑ "VOCALOID FESTA 公式サイト" [Vocaloid Festa Official Website] (in Japanese). Vocaloid Festa. Retrieved December 22, 2010. 
  111. ↑ "Vocaloid Festa" (in Japanese). Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved December 22, 2010. 
  112. ↑ "ボカロプロジェクト|VOCALOID FESTA 公式サイト" [Vocalo Project | Vocaloid Festa Official Website] (in Japanese). Vocafes. Retrieved February 18, 2011. 
  113. ↑ "Hatsune Miku Virtual Idol to Perform at Anime Expo". Anime News Network. May 12, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011. 
  114. ↑ "Virtual star to be unleashed on US". The Independent. June 1, 2011. Retrieved June 8, 2011. 
  115. ↑ Takahashi, Akiko (January 15, 2008). "なぜ「初音ミクがネギ」で「鏡音リンがロードローラー」なのか？" [Why "Hatsune Miku Has a Negi" And "Kagamine Rin Rides on a Road Roller"?] (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. Retrieved October 23, 2010. 
  116. ↑ Okada, Yuka (February 25, 2008). "クリプトン・フューチャー・メディアに聞く（3）：初音ミクが開く"創造の扉"" [Interview with Crypton Future Media (3): Hatsune Miku Opens the "Creative Mind"] (in Japanese). IT Media. p. 1. Retrieved February 29, 2008. 
  117. ↑ Okada, Yuka (September 28, 2007). "DTMブーム再来!?　「初音ミク」が掘り起こす"名なしの才能"" [DTM in the Boom Again!? "Hatsune Miku" Discovers "Anonymous Creators"] (in Japanese). IT Media. p. 1. Retrieved February 29, 2008. 
  118. ↑ "200万回再生の超人気ボカロ楽曲『悪ノ召使』コミック化!" [Super Popular Vocaloid Song with 2 Million Views, Aku no Meshitsukai, Gets a Comic] (in Japanese). Jive. August 27, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
  119. ↑ "悪ノ娘―黄のクロアテュール" [Aku no Musume: Ki no Cloiture] (in Japanese). Books Kinokuniya. Retrieved November 20, 2010. 
  120. ↑ "Vocaloid Kaito's Song Adapted into Stage Musical". Anime News Network. May 30, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011. 
  121. ↑ "「がくっぽいど」7月末発売　"ニコ厨"漫画家・三浦建太郎さんのイラストで" [Gackpoid to be Sold in July with "Nicochū" Manga Author Kentaro Miura's Illustration] (in Japanese). IT Media. June 20, 2008. Retrieved July 11, 2010. 
  122. ↑ "Hachune Miku Figure to Ride Rocket from Nevada This Month". Anime News Network. September 8, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2010. 
  123. ↑ Okada, Yuka (October 8, 2009). "「あなたも宇宙開発を」　"初音ミク衛星"打ち上げ目指す「SOMESAT」" ["You Too Will Explore Space" Aiming to Launch the "Hachune Miku Satellite" "SOMESAT"] (in Japanese). IT Media. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2010. 
  124. ↑ "金星探査機「あかつき」に初音ミク絵を搭載する署名" [Sign to Get Hatsune Miku Image on Board Venus Explorer Akatsuki] (in Japanese). Google. Retrieved December 18, 2009. 
  125. ↑ Morioka, Sumio (February 23, 2010). "金星へ飛び立つ「あかつき」と初音ミクパネルを見てきた" [I See "Akatsuki" And the Hatsune Miku Panels that Will Fly to Venus] (in Japanese). IT Media. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 15, 2010. 
  126. ↑ "「初音ミクを金星へ」世界に広がる　署名1万超え、イラスト募集中" ["Send Hatsune Miku to Venus" Spreading Worldwide. The Number of Petitions Exceeds 10,000 And Illustrations Are Now Wanted] (in Japanese). IT Media. December 25, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2010. 
  127. ↑ Morioka, Sumio (May 20, 2010). "初音ミク搭乗の「あかつき」、打ち上げに再チャレンジ" ["Akatsuki," Ridden by Hatsune Miku, Challenges to Be Launched Again] (in Japanese). IT Media. Retrieved May 28, 2010. 
  128. ↑ Morioka, Sumio (May 21, 2010). "初音ミクついに宇宙へ！　「あかつき」打ち上げ成功" [Hatsune Miku Eventually Goes to the Space! "Akatsuki" Was Successfully Launched] (in Japanese). IT Media. Retrieved May 28, 2010. 
  129. ↑ "ブラック★ロックシューター :: supercell" [Black Rock Shooter :: supercell] (in Japanese). Supercell. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  130. ↑ "Black Rock Shooter Anime to Be Streamed for Free". Anime News Network. March 23, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  131. ↑ "出た!新人ヴァーチャル・アイドルユニット「メーウ（meaw）」発進!" [It's Out! The New Virtual Idol Unite Meaw Takes Off!] (in Japanese). Hatsune Miku Miku. October 16, 2010. Retrieved December 15, 2010. 
  132. ↑ "メーウ" [Meaw] (in Japanese). StarChild. Retrieved December 15, 2010. 
  133. ↑ "8月31日限定！渋谷シアターTSUTAYAに「ミクカフェ」オープン！！【ミクの日感謝祭】" [On Only August 31! "Miku Cafe" Will Open at the Shibuya Theater Tsutaya!! (The Thanksgiving Day of Miku)] (in Japanese). Sega. August 24, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010. 
  134. ↑ "Y2×Vocaloid Cafe" (in Japanese). Bplats. Retrieved February 21, 2011. 
  135. ↑ "SNOW MIKU for SAPPORO2011で語られる創造の未来" [The Future of Creation Spoken on Snow Miku for Sapporo 2011] (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. February 4, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011. 
  136. ↑ ":: VOCALO Revolution :: (地上波初、ボーカロイド番組)" [:: Vocalo Revolution :: First Ever Vocaloid Show Broadcast] (in Japanese). Vocalo Revolution. Retrieved December 26, 2010. 
  137. ↑ ""VOCALO Revolution" – Original Character CUL Revealed". Moetron. December 23, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2010. 
  138. ↑ "CUL project : official" (in Japanese). Vocalo Revolution. Retrieved January 7, 2011. 
  139. ↑ "オフィシャルグッズ" [Official Goods] (in Japanese). Vocalo Revolution. Retrieved January 7, 2011. 
  140. ↑ "Lineup" (in Japanese). Vocalo Revolution. Retrieved January 7, 2011. 
  141. ↑ "乙女衣装図鑑×ピアプロ" (in Japanese). Piapro. Retrieved March 9, 2011. 
  142. ↑ "NHKの本気!ボカロラジオ「エレうた」の高き志" [NHK's Determination! High Aspirations with Vocaloid Radio "Ere Uta"] (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. February 5, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011. 
  143. ↑ "歌声合成ツールUTAU" [Vocal Synthesizer Tool Utau] (in Japanese). Vocal Synthesizer Tool Utau. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  144. ↑ "Mac音ナナ シリーズ" [Macne Nana Series] (in Japanese). Act2. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  145. ↑ "阿久女イク" [Acme Iku] (in Japanese). Studios. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  146. ↑ "New VOICEROID Software From AH-Software". Vocaloidism. November 14, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  147. ↑ "東北地方太平洋沖地震による被災地に対する支援について" [Regarding Support for the Affected Areas of the Tōhoku Region Pacific Ocean Offshore Earthquake] (in Japanese). Crypton Future Media. March 16, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  148. ↑ "Nendoroid Miku Hatsune: Support ver. is Here to Cheer on the Recovery of Eastern Japan!". Mikatan's Blog. Wordpress. March 24, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  149. ↑ "What about an Oliver + Vocaloid 3 Editor...". Cartoon Hangover. November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2013. 
  150. ↑ "Webアニメ「Bee and PuppyCat」の音声にOliverが使用されているらしい件" (in Japanese). Hatsune Miku Miku. July 15, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013. 
  151. ↑ ""A Place In The Sun" - A CD Album By Fully Virtual Vocalist". Virartech. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  152. ↑ "Light & Shade". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  153. ↑ "Continua - Kellplanet". Last.fm. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  154. ↑ Hirasawa, Susumu. "HIRASAWA三行log» お姉さんを磨け" [Hirasawa Three-Line log» Refining the Elder Sister] (in Japanese). Chaos Union. Retrieved July 15, 2010. 
  155. ↑ Eureka December 2008 Special Issue: Entire Feature Hatsune Miku (in Japanese) (15). Seidosha. December 12, 2008. p. 60. ISBN 978-4-7917-0187-2. 
  156. ↑ "anaROBIK - the official anaROBIK". anaROBIK. Retrieved May 17, 2011. 
  157. ↑ "New musical project with Big-Al and Miriam". Viratech. Retrieved January 2, 2011. 
  158. ↑ "初音ミク"ボーカロイドアルバム"が徳永を押さえ、初首位" [Hatsune Miku "Vocaloid Album" Reaches #1 for the First Time Overtaking Tokunaga]. Oricon Style (in Japanese). Oricon. May 25, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010. 
  159. ↑ "Vocalonexus is 2nd Vocaloid Album to Top Weekly Chart". Anime News Network. January 24, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011. 
  160. ↑ "supercell feat.初音ミク 1st Album "supercell" Special WEB" [Supercell feat. Hatsune Miku 1st Album Supercell Special WEB] (in Japanese). Supercell. Retrieved March 24, 2010. 
  161. ↑ "Supercell Album with Miku Tops U.S. iTunes' World Music Chart". Anime News Network. June 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2011. 
  162. ↑ "First Sound Story" (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  163. ↑ "livetune feat.初音ミク specialsite" [livetune feat. Hatsune Miku specialsite] (in Japanese). Victor Entertainment. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  164. ↑ "Re: Mikus" (in Japanese). Livetune. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
  165. ↑ "下田麻美「Prism/鏡音リン・レン feat. 下田麻美」の収録曲が明らかに" [The Songs on Asami Shimoda's "Prism/Kagamine Rin/Len feat. Asami Shimoda" Are Revealed]. Mycom Journal (in Japanese). Mainichi Communications. May 22, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2010. 
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  167. ↑ "Vocarock II on Cool Japan Music App". Vocaloidism. February 17, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2011. 
  168. ↑ "News" (in Japanese). Balloom. Retrieved March 5, 2011. 
  169. ↑ "アンハッピーリフレイン" [Unhappy Refrain] (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved March 5, 2011. 
  170. ↑ "Supercell/Miku Song in U.S. iTunes' World Top 10". Anime News Network. May 15, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011. 
  171. ↑ "がくっぽいどコンテスト" [Gackpoid Contest] (in Japanese). Niwango. Retrieved May 1, 2011. 
  172. ↑ "Gackt Sings 2 Vocaloid Songs for July CD Single". Anime News Network. May 22, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011. 
  173. ↑ "Hatsune Miku GT Project Theme Song Collection". Vocaloidism. August 4, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011. 
  174. ↑ "コザキユースケ画、フルカワミキのボーカロイド誕生" [The Birth of the Vocaloid Sampled from Miki Furukawa and Illustrated by Yūsuke Kozaki]. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Livedoor. November 13, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2010. 
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  176. ↑ "Project if...Crypton". Crypton Future Media (in Japanese). Twitter. June 7, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
  177. ↑ "特典コンピCD【feat.VY1】" [Special Combination CD (feat. VY1)] (in Japanese). Yamaha Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2010. 
  178. ↑ "VOCALOID2 猫村いろは" [Vocaloid 2 Nekomura Iroha] (in Japanese). AH Software. Retrieved September 16, 2010. 
  179. ↑ "Daily Video: Music Gun Gun! 2 Game with Touhou Music". Anime News Network. February 25, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011. 
  180. ↑ "Suburban Taxi". Discogs. March 11, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2011. 
  181. ↑ "Eri Kitamura, Lia Turned Into Vocaloid Idol Characters". Anime News Network. June 8, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2011. 
  182. ↑ "For Creators". Crypton Future Media. Retrieved December 18, 2012. 
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  185. ↑ "Zero-G Interview: Dom Keefe (Vocaloid Production)". Engloids. Wordpress. January 28, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010. 
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  187. ↑ "クリプトン、VOCALOIDクリエイター向け音楽出版事業を開始　自由な利用と対価の両立目指す" [Crypton Starts a Music Publication for Vocaloid Creators. They Aim To Achieve A Balance Between Free Uses and Royalties] (in Japanese). IT Media. November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2010. 
  188. ↑ "Artist Yunomi accused of Plagiarism". Vocaloid Creativity Community. August 6, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010. 
  189. ↑ "KAT-TUNの新曲がボカロ人気曲にそっくり?　作者「ショックすぎる」" [KAT-TUN's New Song is Just Like a Popular Vocaloid Song? Author is "Very Shocked"] (in Japanese). IT Media. November 30, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010. 
  190. ↑ "KAT-TUN Song's Alleged Plagiarism Sparks More Controversy". Vocaloidism. December 1, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010. 
  191. ↑ "Vocaloid Plagiarist Band KAT-TUN Admits Crime". Sankaku Complex. January 20, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2011. 
  192. ↑ Sheren (January 20, 2011). "杰尼斯承认KAT-TUN新曲抄袭 原作者安抚歌迷" [Johnny's Admits KAT-TUN's New Song Is Plagiarized. Original Creator Calms Fans' Angry] (in Chinese). Sohu. Retrieved January 25, 2011. 
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  194. ↑ "「初音ミク」で選挙活動計画　「政治利用ダメ」で民主議員頓挫" ["Hatsune Miku" Election Activity Plan Standstill of a Democratic Diet member with "Don't Use Politics"]. J-Cast (in Japanese). Livedoor. June 30, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2010. 
  195. ↑ "VocaRant: Avanna’s Release Date?". Engloids. Retrieved December 4, 2012. 
  196. ↑ "Yamaha Vocaloid". Popular Science. Archived from the original on February 8, 2004. Retrieved December 1, 2013. 
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  198. ↑ Walden, John (January 2008). "PowerFX Vocaloid 2 Sweet Ann". Sound on Sound. Retrieved March 26, 2011. 
  199. ↑ "Humanoid or Vocaloid?". Electronic Musician. NewBay Media. August 1, 2003. Retrieved December 24, 2011. 
  200. ↑ "Zero-G | Tonio: Male Classical Vocal". Sound on Sound. December 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2012. 
  201. ↑ "Sonika". Sound on Sound. March 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2012. 
  202. ↑ "When Lola became Ana – how Zero-G’s Vocaloid created a lead singer...". Time+Space blog. July 15, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011. 
  203. ↑ "Interview: MasterVocaloid/Giuseppe". Engloids. Retrieved August 7, 2011. 
  204. ↑ "French TV show insults Miku". Vocaloid Creativity Community. October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2010. 
  205. ↑ "The GazettE's Aoi stirs up debate about Vocaloid artists through controversial tweets". Tokyo Hive. November 29, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010. 
  206. ↑ Utaenai (August 13, 2010). "It's a toy!". Vocaloid Creativity Community. Retrieved September 5, 2010. 
  207. ↑ "海外でのVOCALOID楽曲の人気について" [Concerning the Popularity of Vocaloid Music Overseas] (in Japanese). Crypton Future Media. July 23, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2010. 
  208. ↑ "Europe doesn't like Vocaloid?". Vocaloid Creativity Community. October 18, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010. 
  209. ↑ "あなたが好きなゲームキャラクターは?" [What Are the Game Characters You Like?] (in Japanese). Yahoo! Japan. Retrieved January 4, 2011. 
  210. ↑ Robson, Daniel (December 27, 2010). "Tokyo's best and worst of 2010". CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2011. 
  211. ↑ "Clash Fashion Issue Out Now: With our virtual cover star, Hatsune Miku". Clash. February 2, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011. 
  212. ↑ "The Harsh Realities of VOCALOID on Nico". Vocaloidism. January 4, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2012. 
  213. ↑ "ボカロ2013年投稿数と投稿者数" (in Japanese). Niconico. Retrieved January 13, 2014. 

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