Vladko Maček

Vladko Maček
President of the Croatian Peasant Party
In office 8 August 1928 – 15 May 1964
Preceded by	Stjepan Radić
Succeeded by	Juraj Krnjević
Deputy Prime Minister
In office 26 August 1939 – April 1941
Prime Minister	Ivan Šubašić Dušan Simović
Succeeded by	Juraj Krnjević
Leader of the Opposition
In office 8 August 1928 – 26 August 1939
Personal details
Born	20 July 1879 Jastrebarsko, Austro-Hungary
Died	15 May 1964 (aged 84) Washington DC, United States of America
Nationality	Croat
Political party	Croatian Peasant Party
Relations	Stanisław Maczek (cousin)
Alma mater	University of Zagreb
Occupation	Politician, lawyer
Religion	Roman Catholic

Vladko Maček (20 June 1879 – 15 May 1964) was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.

Early life

Maček was born into a Slovene-Czech family in the village of Kupinec near Jastrebarsko, south west of Zagreb. The famous Polish general Stanisław Maczek was his cousin. In 1903 Vladko earned a law degree at University of Zagreb. After clerking at various Croatian courts he opened a private law practice in 1908 in Sv. Ivan Zelina.

Maček joined the Croatian Peasant Party at its founding. After World War I, during which he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, he became a close associate of Stjepan Radić. In 1925, after Radić's visit to Moscow and the Croatian Peasant Party joining the Peasants International, he was arrested by the Royal Yugoslav authorities. While in jail, he was elected to the National Assembly. A few months later HSS joined the government, paving the way for Maček's release.

HSS leadership and Banate of Croatia

Maček became the leader of the party on 13 August 1928 following Radić's assassination.^[1] He quickly became one of the main opponents of King Alexander and his dictatorship. For that he was again arrested in April 1933 and sentenced to three years in jail for treason.^[2] He was released following Alexander's assassination in 1934. His stated aim during that period was to transform Yugoslavia from a unitary state, dominated by ethnic Serbs, into a new form of state organization in which Croatian statehood would be restored. Maček's ideas appealed to large numbers of Croats and the Croatian Peasant Party gradually gained support among all classes and followers of all ideologies. Maček also nurtured close relations with other opposition parties in Yugoslavia and, although his coalition lost elections in 1938, it remained the force to be reckoned with.

Maček's persistence and political skills finally paid off in August 1939 with Dragiša Cvetković in the Cvetković-Maček Agreement and the creation of the Banate (Banovina) of Croatia, a semi-autonomous entity which contained Croatia and large sections of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina. HSS became part of the coalition government while Maček himself became deputy prime minister of Yugoslavia.

World War II

This triumph proved to be short-lived, because Banovina collapsed along with Yugoslavia when it was invaded by the Axis invasion in April 1941. Seen by Germany as an ideal leader of a new Axis puppet state - the Independent State of Croatia - Maček was offered the opportunity to become prime minister, but refused the offer twice, being one of the few Croatian, indeed European politicians at the time to believe that the Axis would ultimately lose the war. Instead, his main aim was to spare the Croatian people from war and unnecessary suffering. He called on the supporters of HSS to respect and co-operate with the new regime of Ante Pavelić, while at the same time delegating Juraj Krnjević to represent the Croatian people in the Yugoslav government-in-exile.

Maček's strategy proved to be detrimental both for his party and himself. In October 1941 he was arrested and interned in Jasenovac concentration camp where he was put under the watch of Ljubo Miloš for some time.^[3] Five months later, on 16 March 1942, he was placed under house arrest together with his family at his home in Kupinec. His family shared hhis internment first in Kupinec, then two months of 1943 (9 January to 9 March) in Luburić's Zagreb apartment (which they shared with Luburić's aged mother and his two sisters), and finally from 9 December 1943 until the collapse of Pavelić's Ustaša regime in May 1945 in his Prilaz 9 house in Zagreb.^[3] In the meantime, HSS began to fracture along ideological lines - some of its members joined the Ustaše, while others joined Tito's Partisans. Although bitterly opposed to the former, Maček was equally distrustful of the latter and in 1945 emigrated, first to France, then to the USA.

Later life

Maček's memorial in the Peasant Party's arcade in Mirogoj

On June 12, 1945 Maček was received by French foreign minister Georges Bidault who offered him the right of domicile in France.^[4] He visited the United States for the first time in 1946 after receiving a visa by order of the Department of State.^[5] He was received by mayor David L. Lawrence of Pittsburgh while delivering a speech in that city.^[6] He helped found the International Peasants' Union along with Georgi Mihov Dimitrov in 1947.

Still respected in exile, he was offered the leadership of the numerous Croatian emigré groups, but refused. He died of a heart attack in Washington D.C. on May 15, 1964, a month short of his 85th birthday. His remains were taken to Croatia in 1996 and buried in the Mirogoj cemetery in Zagreb. He was posthumously awarded the Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir in 2004.^[7]

See also

• Stanisław Maczek, Vladko Maček's cousin

References

• Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8. 

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