Viviparidae
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| Viviparidae Temporal range: Aptian[1]-Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| An alive but retracted individual of Viviparus contectus, showing the operculum | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda informal group Architaenioglossa |
| Superfamily: | Viviparoidea |
| Family: | Viviparidae J. E. Gray, 1847[2] |
| Subfamilies | |
| |
| Diversity[3] | |
| 125–150 freshwater species | |
Viviparidae, sometimes known as the river snails, are a family of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks.
This family is classified in the informal group Architaenioglossa according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.
Distribution
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from South America.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.[4]
Taxonomy
The family Viviparidae contains 3 subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
- Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
- Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
- Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
Genera
Genera within the family Viviparidae include:
subfamily Viviparinae
- Angulyagra Rao, 1931[5]
- Taia Annandale, 1918[5]
- Viviparus Montfort, 1810 - type genus
- Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
subfamily Bellamyinae
- Apameaus Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006.[6] This Pliocene-Pleistocene genus contains only one species Apameaus apameae Sivan, Heller & van Damme, 2006
- Bellamya Jousseame, 1886 - type genus of the subfamily
- Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912[5]
subfamily Lioplacinae
subfamily ?
- † Albianopalin Hamilton-Bruce, Smith & Gowlett-Holmes, 2002[7] - from Albian, New South Wales[7]
- Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
- Centrapala Cotton, 1935[1]
- Filopaludina Habe, 1964
- Heterogen Annandale, 1921 - with the only species Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)
- Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
- Larina Adams, 1851[1]
- Margarya Nevill, 1877
- Mekongia Crosse & Fischer, 1876
- Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880 - with the only species Neothauma tanganyicense E. A. Smith, 1880[4]
- Notopala Cotton, 1935[8]
- Rivularia Huede, 1890
- Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968
- Sinotaia Haas, 1939
- Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
Life cycle
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kear B. P., Hamilton-Bruce R. J., Smith B. J. & Gowlett-Holmes K. L. (2003). "Reassessment of Australia's oldest freshwater snail, Viviparus (?) albascopularis Etheridge, 1902 (Mollusca : Gastropoda : Viviparidae), from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Wallumbilla Formation) of White Cliffs, New South Wales". Molluscan Research 23(2): 149-158. doi:10.1071/MR03003, PDF.
- ↑ Gray J. E. (November 1847) (1833). "A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types". Proceedings of the Zoological Society in London, 15: 129-182. Viviparidae at page 155.
- ↑ Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ↑ Sivan N., Heller J. & van Damme D. (November 2006) "Fossil Viviparidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Levant" Journal of Conchology 39(2): 207-220. abstract
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hamilton-Bruce R. J., Smith B. J. & Gowlett-Holmes K. L. (2002). "Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of viviparid snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Viviparidae) from the Early Cretaceous (middle-late Albian) Griman Creek Formation of Lightning Ridge, northern New South Wales". Records of the South Australian Museum 35': 193–203. PDF
- ↑ River Snail (Notopala sublineata). accessed 26 September 2010
- ↑ Heller J. (1990) "Longevity in molluscs". Malacologia 31(2): 259-295.
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