Violet Bonham Carter

Violet Bonham Carter, 1915

Helen Violet Bonham Carter, Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury, DBE (15 April 1887 – 19 February 1969) was a British politician and diarist. She was the daughter of H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister from 1908–1916, and later became active in Liberal politics herself, being a leading opponent of appeasement, standing for Parliament and being made a life peer. She was also involved in arts and literature. Her illuminating diaries cover her father's premiership before and during World War I and continue until the 1960s.

She was Winston Churchill's closest female friend, apart from his wife, and also the grandmother of well-known actress Helena Bonham Carter.

Early life

She grew up in a heavily political environment, living in Downing Street at the time her father occupied it, and socialised with the key political figures of her day. She did not go to school, but was educated at home by governesses, and later sent to Paris and Dresden to improve her languages. Her mother, Helen Kelsall (née Melland), died of typhoid fever when Violet was four. Her stepmother was Margot Asquith. Her best friend when she was young was Venetia Stanley who had an affair with her father, H. H. Asquith. (Neate,B. Conspiracy of Secrets).

As the Liberal Party fell on hard times in the 1920s, she became a tireless defender of her father and his reputation, beginning by campaigning for him at the 1920 Paisley by-election. She was particularly close to Winston Churchill, a leading light in the Liberals during her father's (and Lloyd George's) administration.

Family

Violet Bonham Carter, Lady Ottoline Morrell and an unidentified man

Violet Bonham Carter's family was strongly intertwined with the Liberal Party. Her father was a long and influential Prime Minister, especially during the peacetime portion of his premiership (1908–1914) when he presided over the People's Budget and the House of Lords limiting Parliament Act 1911. He was Prime Minister at the beginning of World War I and then headed a coalition with the Conservative Party beginning in 1915 until ousted as its head of the coalition by fellow Liberal, David Lloyd George, in December 1916.

As well as having an illustrious father, she married her father's Principal Private Secretary, Sir Maurice Bonham Carter, nicknamed "Bongie", in 1915. They had four children together:

• The Honourable Helen Laura Cressida, Mrs. Jasper Ridley
• The Right Honourable Mark Bonham Carter, Baron Bonham Carter of Yarnbury (who became a Liberal MP later)
• The Honourable Raymond Bonham Carter, father of actress Helena Bonham Carter.
• The Honourable Laura Bonham Carter, Lady Grimond (she would marry Liberal leader Joseph Grimond, Baron Grimond of Firth)

Political career

Lady Violet lived in an age when women were uncommon in frontline British politics. She was nonetheless active as President of the Women's Liberal Federation 1923 - 1925, and 1939–1945, and was President of the Liberal Party 1945- 1947. In the 1945 general election she stood for Wells, coming third, while in 1951 she stood for the winnable seat of Colne Valley.

As an old friend, Churchill arranged for the Conservatives to refrain from nominating a candidate for the constituency, giving her a clear run against Labour. She was nonetheless narrowly defeated. She continued to be a popular and charismatic speaker for Liberal candidates, including for her son-in-law Jo Grimond, her son Mark, and the then-rising star Jeremy Thorpe, and she was a frequent broadcaster on current affairs programmes on radio and television.

Perhaps her greatest contribution, however, was as a much-esteemed orator and perceptive thinker on politics and policy issues, dedicated to classic Liberal politics in the mold of her father. She spoke on many platforms throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and along with Winston Churchill (and others), she very early on saw the dangers of European fascism. In seeking to awaken Britain and the world to the fascist peril, she joined and animated a number of anti-fascist groups (such as The Focus Group), often in concert with Churchill, and spoke at many of their gatherings.

In the non-political sphere, she was also active in the arts, being a Governor of the BBC 1941-1946, and a Governor of the Old Vic (1945–1969).

Additionally, she was an avid keeper of diaries, which now form an important original source for historians of early 20th century Britain and contain many perceptive character sketches, as well as insights into contemporary events. Indeed, it was Lady Violet who supplied one of the most famous — and telling — anecdotes about Winston Churchill (in her 1965 book Winston Churchill As I Knew Him, published in the U.S. as Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait), the story not apparently having been recorded in her diaries or contemporaneous letters): how Churchill during the course of an intense and deep conversation at a dinner party at which they first met, concluded a thought by saying to the effect that "Of course, we are all worms, but I do believe that I am a glow worm."^[1]

In 1964, she was created a life peer as Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury, of Yarnbury in the County of Wiltshire,^[2] one of the first new Liberal peers in several decades. She continued to be extremely active in the House of Lords.

Her previous title, Lady Violet, was a courtesy title from her father's elevation to the peerage as Earl of Oxford and Asquith in 1925, and her husband was a knight of the realm. She and her husband were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right.

Death

She died of a heart attack, aged 81, and was interred at Mells Church, Somerset.^[3]

Titles from birth

• 15 April 1887–30 November 1915: Miss Violet Asquith
• 30 November 1915–1916:^[4] Mrs Maurice Bonham Carter
• 1916–9 February 1925: Lady Bonham Carter
• 9 February 1925–1953:^[5] Lady Violet Bonham Carter
• 1953–21 December 1964: Lady Violet Bonham Carter, DBE
• 21 December 1964–19 February 1969: The Right Honourable. The Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury, DBE

Writings

• "Winston Churchill As I Know Him" by Violet Bonham Carter, in Winston Spencer Churchill Servant of Crown and Commonwealth, ed Sir James Marchant, London: Cassell, 1954.
• Winston Churchill as I Knew Him, Violet Bonham Carter (Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1965), published in the USA as Winston Churchill - An Intimate Portrait
• Lantern Slides - The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1904-1914, eds. Mark Bonham Carter and Mark Pottle (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996)
• Champion Redoubtable - The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1914-1945, ed. Mark Pottle (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998)
• Daring to Hope - The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1945-1969, ed. Mark Pottle (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000)

References

Further reading

• Lady Violet Bonham Carter, DBE, "British Democracy Today and Yesterday, the Challenge to the Individual". The Falconer Lectures, University of Toronto, 10/11 November 1953.
• Violet Asquith at Spartacus schoolnet, includes quotations. Accessed June 2008
• Catalogue of the correspondence and papers of Lady Violet Bonham Carter, 1892-1969, University of Oxford, Elizabeth Turner 2003
• Lady Violet Bonham-Carter has also been cited many times in Lynne Olson's 2007 history, Troublesome Young Men: The Rebels Who Brought Churchill to Power and Helped Save England (Farrar Straus Giroux, Publ.)

External links

• Archival material relating to Violet Bonham Carter listed at the UK National Archives
• Violet Bonham Carter discussing the women's suffrage movement