Viewing frustum

In 3D computer graphics, the viewing frustum or view frustum is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the field of view of the notional camera.^[1]

The exact shape of this region varies depending on what kind of camera lens is being simulated, but typically it is a frustum of a rectangular pyramid (hence the name). The planes that cut the frustum perpendicular to the viewing direction are called the near plane and the far plane. Objects closer to the camera than the near plane or beyond the far plane are not drawn. Sometimes, the far plane is placed infinitely far away from the camera so all objects within the frustum are drawn regardless of their distance from the camera.

Viewing frustum culling or view frustum culling is the process of removing objects that lie completely outside the viewing frustum from the rendering process. Rendering these objects would be a waste of time since they are not directly visible. To make culling fast, it is usually done using bounding volumes surrounding the objects rather than the objects themselves.

Definitions

VPN

the view-plane normal – a normal to the view plane.

VUV

the view-up vector – the vector on the view plane that indicates the upward direction.

VRP

the viewing reference point – a point located on the view plane, and the origin of the VRC.

PRP

the projection reference point – the point where the image is projected from, for parallel projection, the PRP is at infinity.

VRC

the viewing-reference coordinate system.

The geometry is defined by a field of view angle (in the 'y' direction), as well as an aspect ratio. Further, a set of z-planes define the near and far bounds of the frustum.

References