Viacom
 | |
| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Traded as |
NASDAQ: VIA VIAB NASDAQ-100 Component S&P 500 Component |
| Industry | Mass media |
| Predecessor(s) |
Viacom (original) Gulf+Western |
| Founded |
See Viacom (original) January 3, 2006 |
| Headquarters | One Astor Plaza, Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people |
Sumner M. Redstone (Executive Chairman) Philippe P. Dauman (President & CEO) |
| Products | Cable television, broadcasting, radio, publishing, movies, and web portals |
| Revenue |
 US$ 13.887 billion (2012)[1] |
| Operating income |
US$ 3.901 billion (2012)[1] |
| Profit |
US$ 2.345 billion (2012)[1] |
| Total assets |
US$ 22.250 billion (2012)[1] |
| Total equity |
 US$ 7.448 billion (2012)[1] |
| Employees | 10,580 (2011) |
| Parent | National Amusements (~80% voting) |
| Divisions |
Viacom Media Networks BET Networks Paramount Pictures Corporation Full list of assets here |
| Subsidiaries | Viacom 18 (50% in a joint venture with Network 18) |
| Website | viacom.com |
Viacom Inc. (short for Video & Audio Communications) is an American global mass media company with interests primarily in, but not limited to, cinema and cable television. As of 2010, it was the world's fourth-largest media conglomerate, behind The Walt Disney Company, Time Warner and News Corporation (now 21st Century Fox). Voting control of Viacom is held by National Amusements, Inc., a privately owned theater company controlled in turn by billionaire Sumner Redstone.[2][3][4][5] Redstone also holds, via National Amusements, a controlling stake in CBS Corporation.
The current Viacom was created on December 31, 2005, as a spinoff from CBS Corporation, which changed its name from Viacom to CBS at the same time. CBS, not Viacom, retains control of the over-the-air broadcasting, TV production, outdoor advertising, subscription pay television (Showtime) and publishing assets (Simon & Schuster) previously owned by the pre-split company. Predecessor firms of Viacom include Gulf+Western, which later became Paramount Communications Inc., and Westinghouse Electric Corporation.
Comprising BET Networks, MTV Networks, and Paramount Pictures, Viacom operates approximately 170 networks reaching approximately 700 million subscribers in 160 countries.[1]
History
Early years
In March 2005, the prior Viacom announced plans of looking into splitting the company into two publicly traded companies because of not only a stagnating stock price but also the rivalry between Leslie Moonves and Tom Freston, longtime heads of MTV Networks. In addition, the company was facing issues after MTV was banned from producing any more Super Bowl halftime shows after the Super Bowl Halftime Show controversy of 2004.[citation needed]
After the departure of Mel Karmazin in 2004, Sumner Redstone, who served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, decided to split the offices of President and Chief Operating Officer between Moonves and Freston. Redstone was set to retire in the near future, and a split was seen as a creative solution to the matter of replacing him. It was also intended to provide alternative investments that would be more appealing to different investors: one a high cash flow, lower growth company that could afford to pay a substantial dividend and the other a growing company that would have greater investment opportunities and therefore would not be expected to pay a dividend.[citation needed]
A new company, the present Viacom, was created and was headed by Freston. It comprises BET Networks, MTV Networks, and Paramount Pictures Corporation.
2000s
2005
In June, Viacom announced its purchase of Neopets, a virtual pet website, along with GameTrailers, GoCityKids, and IFILM. That December, Paramount announced it would acquire DreamWorks. All indications were that the whole of DreamWorks—both live-comedy film and TV studios, albeit not the DreamWorks archive (which was sold to a group led by George Soros in March 2006) nor the animated unit (which was not part of the deal)—would remain owned by Viacom, even though CBS acquired Paramount's own TV studio.[citation needed]
2006
On February 1, Paramount completed its long-awaited acquisition of DreamWorks. On April 24, Viacom obtained Xfire. In August, just hours before announcing its most recent quarterly earnings, Viacom announced that it had acquired Atom Entertainment for $200 million. In September, Viacom acquired game developer Harmonix for $175 million.[citation needed]
2007
In February, Viacom ordered leaked copyrighted video clips be taken off the videosharing service YouTube for copyright reasons.[6] On February 21, Viacom publicly announced they would be offering free online access to their own material through Silicon Valley's distributor Joost thanks to a thorough content licensing deal.[citation needed]
On May 21, Viacom entered into a 50–50 joint venture with Indian media company Network 18 to form Viacom 18 which will house Viacom's existing channels in India: MTV, VH1 and Nick as well as Network 18's Bollywood movie business. All future Viacom content for India and new ventures such as a Hindi entertainment channel and a Hindi movie channel would be housed in this joint venture.[citation needed]
On December 19, Viacom signed a five year, $500 million contract with Microsoft that included content sharing and advertisement. The deal allowed Microsoft to license many shows from Viacom owned cable television and film studios for use on Xbox Live and MSN. The deal also made Viacom a preferred publisher partner for casual game development and distribution through MSN and Windows. On the advertisement side of the deal, Microsoft's Atlas ad-serving division became the exclusive provider of previously unsold advertising inventory on Viacom owned web sites. Also, Microsoft purchased a large amount of advertising on Viacom owned broadcasts and online networks. Finally, Microsoft will also collaborate on promotions and sponsorships for MTV and BET award shows, two Viacom owned cable networks.[citation needed]
2008
On December 4, Viacom announced layoffs of 850 personnel, or 7% of their workforce.[7] At the end of the year, Time Warner Cable (along with partner Bright House Networks) and Viacom's MTV Networks could not come to terms for the renewal of any Viacom channel beyond the end of year.[8][9] Time Warner Cable's operations include New York City and Los Angeles, with Bright House including the Tampa Bay and Orlando markets, both top-20 markets. This blackout was narrowly avoided when a zero-hour deal was reached shortly after 12 Midnight ET on January 1, 2009.[10]
2009
On December 7, Viacom sold its stake in MTV Brasil for the Grupo Abril along with rights to the brand. The deal was not announced.[11]
2010s
2010
On May 5, 2010, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Viacom's Comedy Central "is developing a whole animated series around Jesus Christ" who, according to the network, wants to escape the shadow of his "powerful but apathetic father".[12]
2011
In February 2011, Hulu and Viacom announced the return of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and The Colbert Report to Hulu, along with shows from the Viacom library. Nickelodeon's shows are not part of this deal.[citation needed]
Also that month, Viacom invested in Rainbow S.r.l., an Italian children's animated and consumer products company best known for the Winx Club franchise.[13]
Later, in October 2011, Viacom purchased a majority stake in Bellator Fighting Championships. Spike TV plans to air Bellator in 2013, after the rights to the UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) library ends in 2012.[14]
On December 1, the company stopped trading on the New York Stock Exchange and began listing its securities on NASDAQ instead. The stock ticker symbols are the same as that used while the company was on the NYSE.[15]
2012
On July 10, 2012, during contract negotiations over raising carrier rates the U.S. satellite TV provider, DirecTV's executives approached Viacom with a new proposal and a request to continue broadcasting 17 of Viacom's television networks (including Nickelodeon, MTV, Logo, and Comedy Central) during talks, but received no response and thus Viacom ceased transmission to DirecTV's 20 million subscribers.[16] On July 11, in a counter response to DirecTV advising its subscribers to view original programming from the affected networks online, Viacom scaled back access to recent episodes of Viacom-owned program content available to the websites of its networks. Viacom described this as a "temporary slimdown" until a new carriage deal with DirecTV was reached.[17] Viacom and DirecTV reached an agreement on July 20 to return the interrupted programming.[18] In 2012 CEO Phillip Dauman began to report Viacom's intentions to bundle past programming and make it available on-demand via services like Hulu.[19]
Copyright complaints against YouTube
In February 2007, Viacom sent upwards of 100,000 DMCA takedown notices to the video-sharing site YouTube. Of the 100,000 notices, approximately 60–70 non-infringing videos were removed under the auspices of copyright infringement.[6]
On March 13, 2007, Viacom filed a US$1 billion legal claim (Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.) against Google and YouTube alleging massive copyright infringement, alleging that users frequently uploaded copyrighted material to YouTube—enough to cause a hit in revenue for Viacom and a gain in advertisement revenue for YouTube.[20] The complaint contended that almost 160,000 unauthorized clips of Viacom's programming were made available on YouTube and that these clips had collectively been viewed more than 1.5 billion times.
In July 2008, the case generated controversy when District Judge Louis Stanton ruled that YouTube was required to hand over data detailing the viewing habits of every user who had ever watched videos on the site.[21] Judge Stanton rejected Viacom's request for YouTube to hand over the source code of its search engine system, saying that the code was a trade secret.[22] Google and Viacom later agreed to allow Google to anonymize all the data before handing it over to Viacom.[23]
On June 23, 2010, Judge Stanton ruled in Google's favor in a motion for summary judgment, holding that Google was protected by provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, notwithstanding evidence of intentional copyright infringement. Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling.[24]
On April 5, 2012, the ruling was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.[25] Writing for a two-judge panel (because Judge Roger Miner had died while the trial was pending) of the Second Circuit, Judge José A. Cabranes concluded that "a reasonable jury could find that YouTube had actual knowledge or awareness of specific infringing activity on its website". Eric Goldman, a professor at the Santa Clara University School of Law, expressed concern that the ruling would negatively affect startups, by making them "more hair-trigger on taking down news or content, for fear that failure to do so will be held against them by content providers".[26]
Criticisms
Viacom is one of the companies that uses the services of Wiki-PR, a public relations firm specialized in editing of Wikipedia that is accused of subverting Wikipedia content for business interest.[27][28]
Viacom International
As with the old Viacom, the current company owns Viacom International, which is the formal owner of copyrights associated with Viacom's corporate website and its cable networks. This division now owns the rights to a majority of Elvis Presley films made for Paramount Pictures, such as Blue Hawaii and King Creole.
It also continues to focus on its own in-house productions made for its various networks (MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon, etc.).
Corporate governance
The previous board of directors of Viacom were George S. Abrams, David Andelman, Joseph Califano, Jr., William Cohen, Philippe Dauman, Alan C. Greenberg, Charles Phillips, Shari Redstone, Sumner Redstone, Frederic Salerno, William Schwartz, and Robert D. Walter.
Following the Viacom/CBS split, the Viacom board consisted of George S. Abrams, Philippe Dauman, Thomas E. Dooley, Ellen V. Futter, Robert Kraft, Alan Greenberg, Charles Phillips, Sumner Redstone (Chairman), Shari Redstone (non-executive Vice-Chair), Frederic Salerno, and William Schwartz. As of 2010, the Board consists of George Abrams, Philippe Dauman, Thomas E. Dooley, Alan Greenberg, Robert Kraft, Blythe McGarvie, Charles Phillips, Shari E. Redstone, Sumner M. Redstone, Frederic Salerno, and William Schwartz.
Assets
- Film production and distribution
- Television networks
- BET
- CMT
- Comedy Central
- Logo
- MTV
- MTV2
- Nick at Nite
- Nick Jr.
- Nickelodeon
- Nicktoons
- Palladia
- Spike
- TeenNick
- Tr3s
- TV Land
- VH1
- Video gaming
- New media
- MTV New Media
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Press release: "VIACOM REPORTS EARNINGS GROWTH FOR FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL-YEAR FISCAL 2012" Viacom
- ↑ "Global 500 2009: Industry". CNN. July 20, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ↑ "2007 Results" (PDF). February 28, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ↑ Siklos, Richard (February 9, 2009). "Why Disney wants DreamWorks". CNN. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ↑ "News Corporation – Annual Report 2007 publisher=Newscorp.com". June 30, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Media Companies Blast YouTube for Anti-Piracy Policy. Foxnews.com (February 19, 2007). Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ↑ "The Dreaded Viacom Layoffs: 850 People".
- ↑ Fixmer, Andy. (2008-12-31) Viacom May Pull Channels Off Time Warner Cable in Contract Spat. Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
- ↑ "Time Warner may cut 'Colbert,' 'Spongebob'". MSNBC.
- ↑ [http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-viacom2-2009jan02,0,1305999.story: "Viacom, Time Warner Cable settle contract dispute"], January 1, 2009. Los Angeles Times
- ↑ "Abril compra ações da Viacom na MTV Brasil" (in (Portuguese)). 2009-12-07. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ↑ "Comedy Central developing Jesus Christ cartoon", May 5, 2010. Hollywood Reporter. (November 30, 2010). Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ↑ Viacom. "Viacom Invests in Rainbow Group".
- ↑ "Updated monthly". USA Today. October 26, 2011.
- ↑ "Viacom to Move Stock Listing to Nasdaq From NYSE on Dec. 1". Bloomberg Businessweek. November 13, 2011.
- ↑ "Viacom ceases transmission to DirecTV".
- ↑ Viacom Pulls Online Videos Over DirecTV Dispute, PC World, July 12, 2012.
- ↑ Ramachandran, Shalini; Jannarone, John (July 20, 2012). "Viacom to Restore DirecTV Channels". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ↑ "Dive Into Media: Philippe Dauman". AllThingsD. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
- ↑ "United States District Court for the Southern District of New York – Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.". Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ "Google Must Divulge YouTube Log". BBC News. July 3, 2008.
- ↑ Helft, Miguel (July 4, 2008). "Google Told to Turn Over User Data of YouTube". New York Times
- ↑ Sweeney, Mark (July 15, 2008). "Google and Viacom reach deal over YouTube user data". The Guardian (London)
- ↑ Lefkow, Chris (June 23, 2010). "US judge tosses out Viacom copyright suit against YouTube". AFP. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ↑ Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. (2d Cir. April 5, 2012). Text
- ↑ Jonathan Stempel; Yinka Adegoke (5 April 2012). "Viacom wins reversal in landmark YouTube case". Reuters. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
- ↑ "Is Wikipedia for Sale? | Motherboard". motherboard.vice.com. 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-10-20. "Wiki-PR, boasts of new clients including /../ Viacom. Viacom didn’t respond to my requests for comment"
- ↑ Arthur, Charles (21 November 2013). "Wikipedia sends cease-and-desist letter to PR firm offering paid edits to site". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2013. "Among companies whose entries are said to have been edited by the company are those for Priceline and the communications company Viacom"
External links
- Official website
- Ketupa.net – Viacom
- Viacom information by Hoover's
- Viacom profile by Yahoo!
- Split documentation – SEC filing on Form S-4 from October 5, 2005 describing the split.
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