Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase

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Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase
Identifiers
EC number 2.3.1.199
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum

Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (EC 2.3.1.199, very-long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, very-long-chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, condensing enzyme, CUT1 (gene), CER6 (gene), FAE1 (gene), KCS (gene), ELO (gene)) is an enzyme with system name malonyl-CoA:very-long-chain acyl-CoA malonyltransferase (decarboxylating and thioester-hydrolysing).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

very-long-chain acyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA \rightleftharpoons very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CO2 + coenzyme A

This is the first component of the elongase, a microsomal protein complex responsible for extending palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA to very-long-chain acyl CoAs.

References

  1. ↑ Toke, D.A. and Martin, C.E. (1996). "Isolation and characterization of a gene affecting fatty acid elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (31): 18413–18422. PMID 8702485. 
  2. ↑ Oh, C.S., Toke, D.A., Mandala, S. and Martin, C.E. (1997). "ELO2 and ELO3, homologues of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ELO1 gene, function in fatty acid elongation and are required for sphingolipid formation". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (28): 17376–17384. PMID 9211877. 
  3. ↑ Dittrich, F., Zajonc, D., Huhne, K., Hoja, U., Ekici, A., Greiner, E., Klein, H., Hofmann, J., Bessoule, J.J., Sperling, P. and Schweizer, E. (1998). "Fatty acid elongation in yeast--biochemical characteristics of the enzyme system and isolation of elongation-defective mutants". Eur. J. Biochem. 252 (3): 477–485. PMID 9546663. 
  4. ↑ Millar, A.A., Clemens, S., Zachgo, S., Giblin, E.M., Taylor, D.C. and Kunst, L. (1999). "CUT1, an Arabidopsis gene required for cuticular wax biosynthesis and pollen fertility, encodes a very-long-chain fatty acid condensing enzyme". Plant Cell 11 (5): 825–838. PMID 10330468. 
  5. ↑ Ghanevati, M. and Jaworski, J.G. (2002). "Engineering and mechanistic studies of the Arabidopsis FAE1 β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, FAE1 KCS". Eur. J. Biochem. 269 (14): 3531–3539. PMID 12135493. 
  6. ↑ Blacklock, B.J. and Jaworski, J.G. (2006). "Substrate specificity of Arabidopsis 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 346 (2): 583–590. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.162. PMID 16765910. 
  7. ↑ Denic, V. and Weissman, J.S. (2007). "A molecular caliper mechanism for determining very long-chain fatty acid length". Cell 130 (4): 663–677. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.031. PMID 17719544. 
  8. ↑ Tresch, S., Heilmann, M., Christiansen, N., Looser, R. and Grossmann, K. (2012). "Inhibition of saturated very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis by mefluidide and perfluidone, selective inhibitors of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases". Phytochemistry 76: 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.023. PMID 22284369. 

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