Verizon Communications

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"Verizon" redirects here. For its subsidiaries, see Verizon Business and Verizon Wireless. For other uses, see Verizon (disambiguation).
Verizon Communications Inc.
Type Public
Traded as NYSE: VZ
NASDAQ: VZ[1]
Dow Jones Industrial Average Component
S&P 500 Component
Industry Telecommunications
Predecessor(s) American Telephone and Telegraph Company
Founded October 7, 1983[2]
Headquarters 1095 Avenue of the Americas
New York City, New York, United States
Key people Lowell McAdam
(Chairman, President and CEO)
Products Fixed-line and mobile telephony, broadband and fixed-line internet services, digital television and network services
Revenue Increase US$ 120.550 billion (2013)[3]
Operating income Increase US$ 031.968 billion (2013)[3]
Net income Increase US$ 011.497 billion (2013)[3]
Total assets Increase US$ 274.098 billion (2013)[3]
Total equity Increase US$ 038.836 billion (2013)[3]
Employees 178,300 (2013)[3]
Divisions Verizon New England
Verizon New York
Verizon Delaware
Verizon New Jersey
Verizon Pennsylvania
Verizon North
Verizon Maryland
Verizon Washington, D.C.
Verizon Virginia
Verizon California
Subsidiaries Verizon Wireless
GTE
MCI Inc.
NYNEX
Diamond State Telephone
New Jersey Bell
Bell of Pennsylvania
Verizon North
The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company
Verizon California
Telematics
Terremark
Vodafone Italy (23.14%)
Website www.verizon.com

Verizon Communications (NYSE: VZ, NASDAQ: VZ),[1] branded as Verizon (pronounced /vərˈaɪzən/ və-RY-zən), is an American broadband and telecommunications company and a corporate component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.[4] The company is based in New York City at 1095 Avenue of the Americas.

What eventually became Verizon was founded as Bell Atlantic, which was one of the seven Baby Bells that were formed after AT&T Corporation was forced to relinquish its control of the Bell System by order of the Justice Department of the United States.[5] Bell Atlantic came into existence in 1984 with a footprint from New Jersey to Virginia, with each area having a separate operating company (consisting of New Jersey Bell, Bell of Pennsylvania, Diamond State Telephone, and C&P Telephone).

As part of the rebranding that the Baby Bells took in the mid-1990s, all of the operating companies assumed the Bell Atlantic name. In 1997, Bell Atlantic expanded into New York and the New England states by merging with fellow Baby Bell NYNEX. In addition, Bell Atlantic moved their headquarters from Philadelphia into the old NYNEX headquarters and rebranded the entire company as Bell Atlantic.

In 2000 Bell Atlantic merged with GTE, which operated telecommunications companies across most of the rest of the country that was not already in Bell Atlantic's footprint. The combined company elected to change its name to "Verizon", a portmanteau of veritas (Latin for "truth") and horizon.[6] The company's headquarters, while always having been located in New York City, were originally at 1095 Avenue of the Americas until the Bell Atlantic-GTE merger, when its headquarters were moved Verizon Building at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan before returning to the 1095 space in 2013.[7]

History

AT&T breakup and NYNEX acquisition

Bell Atlantic logo, 1983–1997
Bell Atlantic logo, 1997-2000

Verizon was founded as Bell Atlantic Corporation as one of the "Baby Bells" that were formed as a result of the anti-trust judgment against the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. Bell Atlantic then inherited seven of the Bell Operating Companies from AT&T (later known as AT&T Corporation) following its breakup. Bell Atlantic's original roster of operating companies included:

Bell Atlantic originally operated in the US states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia, as well as Washington, D.C.

In 1994, Bell Atlantic became the first Regional Bell Operating Company to entirely drop the original names of its original operating companies. Operating company titles were simplified to "Bell Atlantic – state name".

In 1996, CEO and Chairman Raymond W. Smith orchestrated Bell Atlantic's merger with NYNEX CEO Ivan G. Seidenberg. When it merged, it moved its corporate headquarters from Philadelphia to New York City where CEO's Smith and Seidenberg shared Co-CEO duties. NYNEX was consolidated into this name by 1997.

Prior to its merger with GTE, Bell Atlantic traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the "BEL" symbol.

Verizon Wireless formation and GTE merger

On September 21, 1999, Bell Atlantic and UK-based Vodafone AirTouch Plc (now Vodafone Group Plc) announced that they had agreed to create a new wireless business with a national footprint, a single brand and a common digital technology – composed of Bell Atlantic's and Vodafone's U.S. wireless assets (Bell Atlantic Mobile (which was previously called Bell Atlantic-NYNEX Mobile by 1997), AirTouch Cellular, PrimeCo Personal Communications, and AirTouch Paging). This wireless joint venture received regulatory approval in six months, and began operations as Verizon Wireless on April 4, 2000, kicking off the new "Verizon" brand name.

Bell Atlantic merged with GTE on June 30, 2000 and changed its name to Verizon Communications Inc. It was among the largest mergers in United States business history. It was the result of a definitive merger agreement, dated July 27, 1998, between Bell Atlantic, based in New York City since the merger with NYNEX in 1996, and GTE, which was in the process of moving its headquarters from Stamford, Connecticut, to Irving, Texas.

The Bell Atlantic–GTE merger, priced at more than $52 billion at the time of the announcement, closed nearly two years later, following analysis and approvals by Bell Atlantic and GTE shareowners, 27 state regulatory commissions and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and clearance from the United States Department of Justice and various international agencies.

The merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE, to form Verizon Communications, became effective on June 30, 2000. Verizon began trading on the NYSE under its new "VZ" symbol on Monday, July 3, 2000. GTE's wireless operations became part of Verizon Wireless – creating what was initially the nation's largest wireless company before Cingular Wireless acquired AT&T Wireless in 2004 – when the Bell Atlantic–GTE merger closed nearly three months later. Verizon then became the majority owner (55%) of Verizon Wireless.

Bell Atlantic's CEO Ivan Seidenberg and GTE's Charles Lee were co-CEO's from 2000 to 2002 when Seidenberg became sole CEO, a position he held until July 2011 when he was succeeded by Lowell McAdam.[8]

Verizon shares were made a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on April 8, 2004.[9] In 2013 Verizon reported 21.8 million land lines in service.[10] With the MCI merger, it has more than 250,000 employees. Verizon serves customers throughout much of the United States.

In late 2004, Verizon sold its 20.5% stake in Telus, a Canadian telecom. This was so that they could focus more on its own services. The stake came from GTE, which held stocks in BCTel, a Telus predecessor.[11]

MCI acquisition

On February 14, 2005, Verizon agreed to acquire MCI Inc., formerly WorldCom, after fellow "Baby Bell" SBC Communications agreed to acquire former parent AT&T Corporation just a few weeks earlier. (That combined company took the AT&T name.)

Media coverage has focused on several ways in which that acquisition, once completed, would benefit Verizon, including economies of scale derived from a potential productivity boost to be achieved via the elimination of thousands of jobs at the combined company, and access to the large base of business customers currently served by MCI. The real benefit to Verizon was the acquisition of long-haul lines. The bulk of Verizon's business is concentrated in the eastern United States. This not only renders the company, effectively, a regional phone company, but also forced it to pay usage fees to long-haul carriers, such as the former MCI and AT&T, to complete calls for its customers whenever those calls go outside the Verizon "footprint". That need is obviated by the MCI acquisition and was key in the long term market position strategy. By January 6, 2006, MCI was incorporated into Verizon with the name Verizon Business.

Verizon, with MCI, was the largest telecommunications company in the United States based on sales of $75.11 billion, profits of $7.4 billion and assets of $168.13 billion. After its acquisition of BellSouth, AT&T became the largest telecommunications company in the world in terms of assets and profits.[12]

Alliances

In July 2008 the major phone companies, including Verizon, formed Movearoo.com.[13] The website is designed to help customers with the process of moving by finding the home service providers available in their area.[14]

Divestitures

Due to the rigorous climate and high costs, GTE Alaska was sold to Alaska Power and Telephone Company rather than be included in the Verizon merger.

In 2002, Verizon sold GTE's former telephone operations in 3 states: Missouri and Alabama operations were sold to CenturyTel, which acquired Embarq in 2009 and became CenturyLink, and Kentucky operations were sold to Alltel, which later spun off its landline operations as Windstream. In 2005, Verizon sold off GTE's former telephone operations in Hawaii to The Carlyle Group, this operation is now known as Hawaiian Telcom.

On April 3, 2006 Verizon agreed to sell its stakes in Verizon Dominicana (operating in the Dominican Republic), CANTV of Venezuela, and Puerto Rico Telephone Company, Inc. (PRT) in Puerto Rico to Telmex and América Móvil for $3.7 billion.[15]

On January 16, 2007, Verizon New England operations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont were spun off, and merged with FairPoint Communications, a deal which was finalized on April 1, 2008.

On May 13, 2009, Verizon announced it was selling all of Verizon's wireline assets in Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin as well as some assets in California to Frontier Communications. These assets include Contel of the South, Verizon North, Verizon Northwest, Verizon West Coast, Verizon West Virginia, and two new companies created for spinoff, New Communications of the Carolinas and New Communications of the Southwest.[16] On July 1, 2010, the transfer of these assets to Frontier took place.[17]

Directory operations

Main article: SuperMedia

The former Yellow Pages business of Verizon is known as SuperPages,[18] and is a Texas-based sales, publishing and related service with 1,200 directory titles and a circulation of about 121 million copies in 41 states. The web site receives approximately 17 million visitors a month. It had an operating revenue of $3.6 billion in 2004 and employs 7,300 nationwide.[19] In a move to leverage against higher traffic sites, SuperPages linked up with Google to provide search advertising services to its millions of listed businesses. SuperPages will offer its advertisers the ability to bid for Google search terms.[20]

With an estimated $17 billion in assets, Verizon spun off the business unit to finance its expansion in wireless and high-speed Internet services.[21] Verizon is not the first Baby Bell to rid itself of its directory publishing operations; Qwest sold off its QwestDex directory services to become Dex Media, and Illinois Bell, now known as AT&T, sold its directory operations to R. H. Donnelley in 1990 ("AT&T Yellow Pages published by R. H. Donnelley").

Effects of changes in telephony

The transition from land wire-based telephony to wireless communications has been a major change driver for all vendors in the telephony space, including Verizon. As of August 2011, the profitability of the company's "wireline" business had slipped substantially below that of its mobile division and continued to degrade, a situation reflected in and used to directly support downward revisions to "wireline" worker compensation, potentially impacting on the order of 45,000 workers in the United States.[22]

Lines of Business

Verizon service van

Verizon Communications' operations are divided into three business units: wireless, residential and small business services, and enterprise services.

Wireless

Main article: Verizon Wireless

Verizon Wireless provides mobile phone, text message, and data services for phones, tablets, and computers, as well as wireless hotspot devices. As of September 2013, Verizon Wireless had 101.2 million wireless connections, and its 4G LTE network covered over 303 million people.[23] In a September 2013 survey conducted by J.D. Power and Associates, Verizon Wireless was rated as having the highest network quality amongst national providers across all six geographic regions of the U.S.,[24] marking the first time any provider has come in first in all regions since the study switched to a regional format in 2004.[25]

Also in September 2013, it was announced that Verizon would buy the remaining stake that Vodafone owned in Verizon Wireless, which had been a joint venture between the two companies, for $130 billion.[26] Upon the closing of the deal in the first quarter of 2014, it will be the third largest corporate deal ever signed.[27] Soon after the deal was announced, a shareholder sued Verizon, claiming that they overpaid for Vodafone's share of the venture.[28]

Residential and small business

Verizon provides wireline phone service, Internet access, and television to residences and small businesses, via either copper wire or fiber optic cable.[29]

Verizon's FiOS service, launched in 2005, provides Internet, television, and phone service using fiber optic cable instead of copper wire.[29] FiOS cable passes near 18 million homes, of which 14.6 million are completely ready for service; the other 3.4 million homes would require some additional wiring to support FiOS.[29] As of September 2013, Verizon had a total of 5.9 million FiOS Internet subscribers and 5.2 million FiOS TV customers,[23] with FiOS accounting for 75% of Verizon's revenues from fixed-line consumer retail.[29] In September 2013, Verizon announced that FiOS TV subscribers would be able to watch some television channels live on their mobile devices.[30]

In areas where Verizon has installed FiOS service, the copper wires, which are more expensive to maintain, are removed. This prevents a customer who has switched to FiOS from switching back to services provided by copper wires, such as DSL service.[31]

Verizon operates landline services in 12 states (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Florida, Texas, California) and Washington, D.C.[23] through the following operating companies:

Enterprise

Verizon Enterprise Solutions, known as Verizon Business from 2006 to 2011, provides services for wholesale, corporate, and government clients.[32][33] Enterprise Solutions provides a cloud-based platform to deliver IT, security, mobility, and collaboration solutions to customers.[33] It supports service in 75 countries, and has a global IP network that reaches more than 150 countries, with 99 percent of Fortune 500 companies using Verizon Enterprise Solutions.[23]

In October 2013, Verizon announced Verizon Cloud, a platform as a service offering that allows for the fast deployment of virtual machines for customers, as well as control of the configuration of those virtual machines.[34]

Verizon Partner Program

On February 28, 2013, Verizon launched the Verizon Partner Program (VPP), which offers medium-sized preferred access to its businesses' cloud, mobility, communications, and networking solutions. There are four levels to VPP membership: Platinum, Gold, Silver, and Member.[35] Each offers a different level of benefits and requirements. VPP also offers three business models: Agent, Resale, and Sell With. Each represents a different relationship with Verizon. Some Partner Program companies include General Datatech, SOVA, and OEM Data Delivery.[36]

Sponsorships and naming rights

Verizon Center Chinatown, Washington, D.C.

Controversies

Verizon Communications has been involved in several public controversies.

Tax dodging and lobbying

In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign criticized Verizon for spending $52.34 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during 2008–2010, instead getting $951 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $32.5 billion, having laid off 21,308 workers since 2008 and increasing executive pay by 167% to $20.3 million in 2010 for its top 5 executives.[37] However, on February 24, 2012, in its Form 10-K filed with the SEC,[38] Verizon reported having paid more than $11.1 billion in taxes (including income, employment and property taxes) in 2009–2011. In addition, the company reported in the 10-K that most of the drop in employment since 2008 was due to a voluntary retirement offer.

Political

On December 22, 2004, mail servers at Verizon.net were configured not to accept connections from Europe, by default, in an attempt to reduce spam email. Individual domains would only be unblocked upon request.[39]

On May 11, 2006, controversy arose when USA Today revealed that Verizon, along with AT&T Inc. and BellSouth, had turned over the call records of millions of U.S. citizens to the National Security Agency. Verizon flatly denied turning over records to the government, but did not comment on whether MCI, which it had acquired in January, had done so.[40] But on October 12, 2007, the company admitted in a letter to the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce that it had turned over customer information to the FBI and other federal agencies of the U.S. government approximately 94,000 times from January 2005 to September 2007, providing such information 720 times without being presented with a court order or warrant.[41]

In September 2007, Verizon Wireless initially refused to make their mobile phone network available to NARAL Pro-Choice America for a program which allows people to sign up for pro-choice text messages, on the grounds that they had the right to block "controversial or unsavory" messages. They subsequently reversed the decision:

"It was an incorrect interpretation of a dusty internal policy, that ... was designed to ward against communications such as anonymous hate messaging and adult materials sent to children. ... [Verizon has] great respect for this free flow of ideas."[42]

Internet

On February 4, 2010, 4chan started receiving reports from Verizon Wireless customers that they were having difficulties accessing the site's image boards. 4chan administrators found that only traffic on port 80 to the boards.4chan.org domain was affected, leading them to believe that the block was intentional. On February 7, 2010, Verizon Wireless confirmed that 4chan.org was "explicitly blocked"[43] after Verizon's security and external experts detected sweep attacks coming from an IP address associated with the 4chan network. Traffic was restored several days later.[44]

In August 2010, the chairmen of Verizon and Google agreed that Network Neutrality should be defined and limited.[45][46]

In December 2010 Verizon continued censoring its network by blocking access to some IRC servers related to Wikileaks "Operation Payback".[47]

In February 2014, Verizon confessed [48] to throttling services like Netflix and Amazon's AWS, a violation of net neutrality principles.

E-911 Failures

Verizon E-911 service in several northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C. failed in the aftermath of the June 2012 derecho storm, with some problems lasting several days.[49] The FCC conducted an investigation[49] and in January 2013 released a report detailing the problems that led to the failure. Verizon reported that it had already addressed or was addressing a number of the issues related to the FCC report, including the causes of generator failures, conducting audits of backup systems, and making its monitoring systems less centralized,[50] although the FCC indicated that Verizon still needed to make additional improvements.[51]

FCC Ruling Appeal

At the end of September 2011, Verizon Communication appealed the FCC’s ruling regarding net neutrality.[52][53]

Copper-wire removal

In areas where Verizon has installed FIOS service, the copper lines are disabled. A customer that has switched to FIOS no longer has the option to switch back to regular copper service. In addition, because the FCC does not require Verizon to allow competitors to use the fiber lines, a customer with FIOS service will have limited options with regards to switching service providers for voice and internet service.[54]

NSA Collection of Phone Records

Top secret document leaked by Edward Snowden to The Guardian, including an order by the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court requiring Verizon Communications to hand over telephone data to the FBI
External images
Court Order, The Guardian

On June 5, 2013, The Guardian reported that it had obtained an order by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and approved by the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court that required Verizon to provide the National Security Agency (NSA) with telephone metadata for all calls between the US and abroad, and all domestic calls.[55][56] The order falls under section 215 of the PATRIOT Act.[57] The order was issued on April 15, 2013 and expires on July 19, 2013. There had previously been speculation that telecom providers were engaging in dragnet surveillance authorized by the PATRIOT Act.[58] Government officials claim they are collecting "metadata" regarding phone serial numbers, times of calls, numbers called, and locations at which the calls were made—but not the content of the call itself. The officials claimed that such metadata would not require a warrant to collect.[59]

In an interview with reporters on June 6, Senator Dianne Feinstein, who is the chairman of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and Senator Saxby Chambliss, who is the ranking member, have stated that the three month renewal has been the case for the past seven years.[60]

On November 18, 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court denied without stating any reason a “writ of mandamus or prohibition” filed by the Electronic Privacy Information Center seeking to vacate the FISC order requiring Verizon to turn over to the NSA telephone metadata for all calls between the US and abroad, and all domestic calls.[61][62]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "About Verizon Wireless: Facts-at-a-Glance". Aboutus.verizonwireless.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13. 
  2. ↑ "CBS MarketWatch profile, Verizon Communications, Inc". Marketwatch.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Verizon Communications Inc. 2011 Annual Report, Form 10-K, Filing Date Feb 16, 2012". secdatabase.com. Retrieved June 8, 2012. 
  4. ↑ "Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average". CNNMoney. Retrieved April 24, 2013. 
  5. ↑ "Verizon | Company History". 
  6. ↑ "Verizon — Investor Relations — Company Profile — Corporate History". Retrieved 2011-09-14. 
  7. ↑ Storm-soaked Verizon decamps from downtown by DANIEL GEIGER, Crane's New York Business, Sept 12, 2013 Retrieved Nov 20, 2013
  8. ↑ Howe, Peter J. (June 17, 2000). "Regulators Ok Bell Atlantic-Gte Merger Deal Will Give Birth To Verizon Communications, Which Will Be Biggest Local Phone Firm, Telecom Giant". Boston Globe. 
  9. ↑ Isadore, Chris (April 1, 2004). "AT&T, Kodak, IP out of Dow". CNN/Money. 
  10. ↑ United States Securities and Exchange Commission, form 10-Q
  11. ↑ Verizon Sells Stake In Canada's TELUS, techdirt.com. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  12. ↑ The Global 2000 for 2007, fobes.com
  13. ↑ "Movearoo.com". Movearoo.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13. 
  14. ↑ O'Shea, Dan (July 9, 2012). "Telcos move in unison with Movearoo.com". fiercetelecom.com. 
  15. ↑ Verizon to sell off Latin units, iht.com
  16. ↑ Verizon, Frontier in $8.6B deal for wirelines, google.com
  17. ↑ Murawski, John (July 1, 2010). "Frontier phone switch starts". News & Observer. Retrieved 2010-07-01. 
  18. ↑ superpages.com
  19. ↑ "Verizon may sell $17 billion directory services". Billings Gazette. December 7, 2005. 
  20. ↑ "Verizon online directory in ad deal with Google". Reuters. March 28, 2006. 
  21. ↑ Ranii, David (December 6, 2005). "Donnelley likely to pass on Verizon directories". The News & Observer. 
  22. ↑ Associated Press; Eltman, Frank; Thompson, Carolyn; Fouhy, Beth; Ilnytzky, Ula; Svensson, Peter; Nuckols, Ben; Pratt, Mark (August 8, 2011), "Striking workers picket Verizon locations in East as contract for 45,000 expires; sides meet", The Washington Post 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Verizon Communications Fact Sheet". September 30, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013. 
  24. ↑ Mel Fabrikant (September 6, 2013). "Verizon Wireless Recognized as the Network Quality Leader in New Jersey in Latest J.D. Power Study". The Paramus Post. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  25. ↑ Tammy Parker (September 1, 2013). "Verizon snags J.D. Power nationwide network performance crown". FierceWireless:Tech. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  26. ↑ "Vodafone confirms Verizon stake sale". BBC News. 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2013-09-02. 
  27. ↑ Kate Holton and Sinead Carew (September 2, 2013). "Verizon, Vodafone agree $130 billion Wireless deal". Reuters. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  28. ↑ Jonathan Stempel (September 6, 2013). "Verizon sued by shareholder over $130 billion Vodafone deal". Reuters. Retrieved September 11, 2013. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Reinhardt Krause (September 26, 2013). "Will Verizon Go Wireless-Only And Spinoff FiOS?". Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved October 4, 2013. 
  30. ↑ Sarah Perez (September 20, 2013). "Verizon FiOS Expands Mobile TV Support To Android & iPhone, Now Lets You Watch Live TV Outside The Home". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  31. ↑ Deborah Yao (July 10, 2007). "Verizon's copper cutoff traps customers, hampers rivals". The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  32. ↑ Elena Malykhina (June 26, 2006). "Newly Merged Verizon And MCI Bridge Two IT Infrastructures". InformationWeek. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Verizon creates new Verizon Enterprise Solutions global unit". Telecompaper. December 15, 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  34. ↑ Barry Levine (October 4, 2013). "Verizon Unveils New Enterprise Cloud Services". NewsFactor. Retrieved October 10, 2013. 
  35. ↑ "Verizon Launches New Partner Program to Better Serve Medium Business Market". July 3, 2013. 
  36. ↑ "OEM Controls Data Delivery teams with Verizon Wireless to expand M2M in Construction and Mining". July 3, 2013. 
  37. ↑ Portero, Ashley. "30 Major U.S. Corporations Paid More to Lobby Congress Than Income Taxes, 2008–2010". International Business Times. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved December 26, 2011. 
  38. ↑ "Verizon Form 10-K". 
  39. ↑ Verizon persists with European email blockade, John Leyden, The Register, January 14, 2005
  40. ↑ Public Hearings Sought in Phone Record Scandal, William Fisher, Inter Press Service, May 26, 2006
  41. ↑ Verizon gave customer data to Government without court orders, Consumer affairs
  42. ↑ Liptak, Adam (September 27, 2007). Verizon Reverses Itself on Abortion Rights Messages. The New York Times, September 27, 2007. Retrieved from NYtimes.com
  43. ↑ Moot (February 7, 2010). "Verizon Wireless confirms block". 4chan.org.
  44. ↑ Verizon Wireless restores 4Chan traffic, Wireless Federation, United Kingdom, 2010-02-10, accessed 2010-02-12, "After the concerns were raised over network attacks, Verizon Wireless restored traffic affiliated with the 4chan online forum."
  45. ↑ Shields, Todd (2010-08-12). "Bloomberg.com". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13. 
  46. ↑ Matt Schafer (August 9, 2010). "Five Sentences from Google/Verizon that Could Change the Net Forever". Lippmannwouldroll.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17. "Despite Google and Verizon’s claims to support an open Internet, the two-page policy proposal removes any hope of moving forward with the open Internet as we know it." 
  47. ↑ compuboy2011 (2010-12-11). "Verizon Blocking Anonops: Verizon purposely blocking "Operation Payback" IP’s". Verizonblocking.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13. 
  48. ↑ http://davesblog.com/blog/2014/02/05/verizon-using-recent-net-neutrality-victory-to-wage-war-against-netflix/.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Juvenal, Justin. "911 System Restored". Washington Post. 
  50. ↑ Edward Wyatt (January 11, 2013). "F.C.C. Says Failure of 911 In Storm Was Preventable". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2013. 
  51. ↑ Mary Pat Flaherty (January 11, 2013). "Verizon 911 fixes are found lacking". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 23, 2013. 
  52. ↑ Zemen, Eric. "Verizon to FCC: Net Neutrality Rules 'Unneeded Regulation'", "Phone Scoop", September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
  53. ↑ Honan, Mat (September 30, 2011). "Verizon Appeals FCC Net Neutrality Ruling", Gizmodo. Retrieved October 31, 2011.
  54. ↑ "Verizon's copper cutoff traps customers, hampers rivals". The Seattle Times. Retrieved August 4, 2012. 
  55. ↑ MacAskill, Ewen; Spencer Ackerman (June 5, 2013). "NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 June 2013. 
  56. ↑ "NSA collecting phone records for millions of Verizon customers, report says". FoxNews. June 6, 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013. 
  57. ↑ Nakashima, Ellen (June 5, 2013). "Verizon providing all call records to U.S. under court order". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 June 2013. 
  58. ↑ Cohn, Cindy; Mark Rumold. "Confirmed: The NSA is Spying on Millions of Americans". Electronic Freedom Foundation. Retrieved 6 June 2013. 
  59. ↑ June, Daniel, "Verizon Court Order: the Government Spies on Millions of Americans’ Phone Activities"
  60. ↑ O'Keefe, Ed (June 6, 2013). "Transcript: Dianne Feinstein, Saxby Chambliss explain, defend NSA phone records program". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 June 2013. 
  61. ↑ Risen, James (July 7, 2013). "Privacy Group to Ask Supreme Court to Stop N.S.A.’s Phone Spying Program". The New York Times. 
  62. ↑ Denniston, Lyle (18 November 2013). "NSA spying challenge turned aside". Retrieved 18 November 2013. 

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