Vanillylmandelic acid

Vanillylmandelic acid
IUPAC name (RS)-hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetic acid
Other names α,4-Dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetic acid, VMA, Vanillomandelic acid, Vanillylmandelic acid, Vanilmandelic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	55-10-7 Y
PubChem	1245
ChemSpider	1207 Y
EC number	201-701-6
MeSH	Vanilmandelic+acid
ChEBI	CHEBI:20106 Y
Beilstein Reference	2213227
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES O=C(O)C(O)c1cc(OC)c(O)cc1
InChI InChI=1S/C9H10O5/c1-14-7-4-5(2-3-6(7)10)8(11)9(12)13/h2-4,8,10-11H,1H3,(H,12,13) Y Key: CGQCWMIAEPEHNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=InChI=1S/C9H10O5/c1-14-7-4-5(2-3-6(7)10)8(11)9(12)13/h2-4,8,10-11H,1H3,(H,12,13)
Properties
Molecular formula	C9H10O5
Molar mass	198.17 g mol−1
Appearance	White powder
Melting point	133 °C; 271 °F; 406 K
Hazards
MSDS	MSDS at Sigma Aldrich
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of artificial vanilla flavorings^[2] and is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. It is produced via intermediary metabolites.

Chemical Synthesis

VMA synthesis is the first step of a two-step process practiced by Rhodia since the 1970s to synthesize artificial vanilla.^[2] Specifically the reaction entails the condensation of guaiacol and glyoxylic acid in an ice cold, aqueous solution with sodium hydroxide.

Biological Elimination

VMA is found in the urine, along with other catecholamine metabolites, including homovanillic acid (HVA), metanephrine, and normetanephrine. In timed urine tests the quantity excreted (usually per 24 hours) is assessed along with creatinine clearance, and the quantity of cortisols, catecholamines, and metanephrines excreted is also measured.

Norepinephrine degradation. Vanillylmandelic acid is shown at top right. Enzymes are shown in boxes.^[1]

Clinical significance

Urinary VMA is elevated in patients with tumors that secrete catecholamines.^[3]

These urinalysis tests are used to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called pheochromocytoma, a tumor of catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells. These tests may also be used to diagnose neuroblastomas, and to monitor treatment of these conditions.

Norepinephrine is metabolised into normetanephrine and VMA. Norepinephrine is one of the hormones produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. These hormones are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress, which are factors that may skew the results of the test. ^{[citation needed]}

References