Vanguerieae

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Vanguerieae
Canthium coromandelicum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Vanguerieae
Dumort.
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Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family and contains about 600 species in 26 genera. The tribe is a common and important constituent of many different kinds of habitats. Species of Vanguerieae are found in both extremely wet habitats, such as the rain forests of tropical Africa, and in the very dry desert-like areas of the horn of Africa and of the southernmost part of Madagascar. The tribe is represented at altitudes of over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the mountains of Malawi and Tanzania, but also at sea-level along the coast of South Africa. This wide distribution is accompanied by a wide range of morphological adaptations. Several different life forms such as geofructices (plants with woody, underground stems), shrubs, trees, and climbers are represented. There is also a wide range of flower sizes and fruit morphologies, suggesting different adaptations to pollination and dispersal. Most of the species are probably pollinated by insects, but it is suspected that at least some of the large-flowered species of Fadogia are bird-pollinated. The edibility of many fruits suggests that they are dispersed by animals. Vangueria madagascariensis or Spanish tamarind is grown for its tasty fruits and is the only species that is used by man to any great extent.

Genera

Currently accepted names

Synonyms

Phylogeny

The following phylogenetic tree is based on molecular phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Vanguerieae



Keetia

Afrocanthium

Psydrax


dioecious group

Peponidium

Bullockia

Pyrostria
"spiny" group

Pygmaeothamnus chamaedendrum

Canthium

Plectroniella armata

Rytigynia bugoyensis

Vangueriella sect. Stenosepalae


Fadogia

Fadogiella

Rytigynia


Cuviera

Globulostylis

Vangueriella sect. Vangueriella




Vangueria group


Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri

Multidentia


Robynsia glabrata

Vangueriopsis

Vangueria








References

  1. ↑ Lantz H, Bremer B (2004). "Phylogeny inferred from morphology and DNA data: characterizing well-supported groups in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (3): 257–283. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00338.x. 
  2. ↑ Lantz H, Bremer B (2005). "Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria". Plant Systematics and Evolution 253: 159–183. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9. 
  3. ↑ Razafimandimbison SG, Lantz H, Mouly A, Bremer B (2009). "Evolutionary trends, major lineages, and new generic limits in the dioecious group of the tribe Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae): insights into the evolution of functional dioecy". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96 (1): 161–181. doi:10.3417/2006191. 
  4. ↑ Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae". PLoS ONE 8 (1): e55260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055260. 
  5. ↑ Verstraete B, Lachenaud O, Smets E, Dessein S, Sonké B (2013). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of Cuviera (Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae) and reinstatement of the genus Globulostylis with the description of three new species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 407–441. doi:10.1111/boj.12062. 
  6. ↑ Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa". American Journal of Botany: in press. 

External links

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