Vandad Hormozd
| Vandad Hormozd | |
|---|---|
| Ispahbadh of the Karenid dynasty | |
| Reign | 765-815 |
| Born | Unknown |
| Birthplace | Tabaristan |
| Died | 815 |
| Predecessor | Unknown |
| Successor | Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd |
| Royal House | Karenid dynasty |
| Father | Unknown |
| Religious beliefs | Zoroastrianism |
Vandad Hormozd (Persian: ونداد هرمزد) was the ruler of the Karenid dynasty from 765 to 815.
Background
In 760, during the reign of Vandad Hormozd's unnamed father, the Dabuyids, under Khurshid of Tabaristan, revolted against the Abbasid Caliphate. Khurshid, was, however, defeated, and fled to Daylam, where he made a counterattack against the Abbasids, but was once again defeated. After learning that his family was captured by the Abbasids, Khurshid poisoned himself.[1][2][3] This marked the end of the Dabuyid dynasty, however, other dynasties such as the Karenids, Bavandids and Zarmihrids, who were all formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control parts of Tabaristan as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government.
Biography
In 765, Vandad Hormozd became the ruler of the Karenid dynasty. In 772, Khalid ibn Barmak, the Abbasid governor of Tabaristan, left the region. Shortly after Khalid's departure, Vandad Hormozd sent the Bavand ruler Sharwin I a letter which urged him to revolt against the Abbasids. Sharwin I accepted,[4] and along with Vandad Hormozd, and the Zarmihrid ruler, revolted against the Abbasids. They then began destroying the cities built by the Muslims in the region, and in 782, Sharwin I along with Vandad Hormozd, exterminated all the Muslims in Tabaristan. During the same period, Vandad Hormozd assumed the Dabuyid title of Gilgilan,[5] while Sharwin I assumed the title of Padashwargarshah (king of the mountains).[6] The Abbasid caliph Al-Mahdi, who had received the news about the Zoroastrian revolt in Tabaristan, sent one of his most distinguished officers, named Salim of Farghana. However, Vandad Hormozd, with the aid of his brother Vinda-Umid, managed to defeat and kill Salim.[4] Al-Mahdi then sent Firasha, who was also defeated and was captured by Vandad Hormozd, who had him executed.
Vandad Hormozd continued to repel several Arab invasions of Tabaristan, until he and the rulers of Tabaristan were finally defeated in 785, and once again agreed to pay tribute to the Abbasid caliphs.
In 805, the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid visited Ray where he met Vandad Hormozd and Sharwin I, who assured their submission to him and promised to pay tax. In order to ensure their loyalty, Harun took Sharwin's grandson Shahriyar I, and Vandad Hormozd's son Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd, as hostages to Baghdad. The two princes were allowed to return to Tabaristan four years later.[7]
Vandad Hormozd died in 815, and was succeeded by his son Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd.
References
- ↑ Rekaya (1986), pp. 68–70
- ↑ Madelung (1975), p. 200
- ↑ Pourshariati (2008), p. 317
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ibn Isfandiyar, p. 128-132
- ↑ The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, ed. W. Madelung, (Cambridge University Press, 1975), 201.
- ↑ ĀL-E BĀVAND, W. Madelung, Encyclopaedia Iranica
- ↑ The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, ed. W. Madelung, (Cambridge University Press, 1975), 204.
Sources
- Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R.N. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
| Preceded by Unknown |
Karenid ruler 765–815 |
Succeeded by Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd |