Valentina Grizodubova
| Valentina Grizodubova | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born |
10 May 1909 Kharkov, Russian Empire |
| Died |
1 May 1993 (aged 83) Moscow, Russia |
| Allegiance |
 Soviet Union |
| Service/branch |
 Soviet Air Forces |
| Awards |
|
Valentina Stepanovna Grizodubova (Russian: Валентина Степановна Гризодубова, Ukrainian: Валентина Степанівна Гризодубова Valentina Stepanivna Grizodubova; May 10, 1909 in Kharkov – 1 May,[1] 1993 in Moscow) was one of the first female pilots in the Soviet Union and was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labour decorations.
Early life and pre-war career
Born in Kharkiv, Ukraine, she was the daughter of Stepan Vasil'yevich Grizodubov, a pioneer aircraft designer. At the age of fourteen, she flew a glider solo. She played piano and graduated from a conservatory as well as the Khar'kov Technical Institute. She also spoke several foreign languages. In 1929, she graduated from the Penza Flying Club of the paramilitary association Osoaviakhim. She also trained at the Khar'kov Flying School.
In 1933, she graduated from the Tula Advanced Flying School. Here she became a flight instructor and trained 86 male pilots, many of whom became Heroes of Soviet Union. From 1934 to 1938 she flew in a "Propaganda" Squadron named after Maxim Gorky.[2]
She flew many types of aircraft and set seven world records[3] including one for highest altitude reached by a female pilot on a two-seater seaplane, 3,267 meters (10718.5 feet) on 15 October 1937, (FAI Record File Number 121.16) three speed records and one for long-distance flying between Moscow and Aktyubinsk together with Marina Raskova.[2]
On September 24–25, 1938, as the commander and along with Marina Raskova and Polina Osipenko, she completed the 5,908.61 kilometers (3,671.44 miles) flight of the Rodina (Russian for "Motherland") on the Antonov ANT-37, setting an international women's record for a straight-line distance flight. (FAI Record File Number 10444)
She had already accumulated 5.000 hours' flight before her historic flight,[2] and together with her crew members became one of the first women to be appointed a Hero of the Soviet Union on 2 November 1938, also receiving a reward of 25.000 rubles.[2]
German-Soviet War
Since March 1942 she took part in the German-Soviet War. She was appointed commanding officer of the 101st Long-Range Air Regiment, formed in May 1942, which consisted of about three-hundred men: pilots, navigators, engineers and ground support personnel.[4] Her unit was equipped with Lisunov Li-2, transport aircraft (Douglas Dc-3 built under licence) and the pilots were conscripted by Civil Air Fleet.[4]
Grizodubova's Li-2s had a crew of six aviators: pilot, co-pilot, navigator, flight-technician, radio operator and air gunner. The unit had initially the task of bombing enemy troops, to fly to partisans and - in June 1942 - to help supply the besieged Leningrad. Subsequently, 101st Long-Range Bomber Air Regiment was ordered to bomb Wehrmacht units that had broken Bryansk and South-Westerns Fronts and were heading for Voronezh. Grizodubova led her Regiment almost every night overcoming strong flak defences and Luftwaffe night fighters in Kursk, Orel and L'gov areas.[5]
In September 1942, 101st Long-Range Air Regiment was placed at disposal of the Central HQ of the Partisan Movement. The unit flew more than 1,850 sorties to partisan held areas, delivering about 1,500 tons of arms and ammunition and hundreds of tons of radio equipment, printing presses, film cameras and reading matter, for Soviet partisan leaders. The Regiment evacuated 2,500 wounded partisans and homeless orphans too. [6] However, poor airstrips and enemy fighters were a constant threat to the Li-2s and their crews. On Grizodubova's initiative, by March 1943, partisans built an improved airstrip on the right bank of the Dnieper, where up to a dozen aircraft could be parked in daytime. [7] On 27 May 1944 her Regiment was awarded the honorific title of Krasnosel'skiy for participating to break the siege of Leningrad. By the time Grizodubova was recalled to Moscow, in June 1944, she had flown about 200 sorties. Two months later, on 30 August, the 101st Long-Range Air Regiment was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and, later, the honorific of "Guards". [7]
Post War
In the 1940s she served as the sole female member of the "Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and Investigation of the Crimes of the Fascist German Invaders and Their Accomplices, and of the Damage They Caused to Citizens, Collective Farms, Public Organizations, State Enterprises, and Institutions of the USSR" (Chrezvychainaia gosudarstvennaia komissiia or Чрезвычайная Государственная Комиссия; ChGK), appointed to investigate Nazi war crimes in the Soviet Union.
Legacy
Grizodubova was the Honorary Citizen of Penza. A monument in Moscow is dedicated to Valentina Grizodubova .
Awards
- Hero of the Soviet Union (November 2, 1938)
- Hero of Socialist Labour (January 6, 1986)
- Two Orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- Order of the Great Patriotic War, 1st Class
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Order of the Red Star
- Various other medals
References
- ↑ Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Milanetti, Gian Piero (April 2011). Le streghe della notte (in Italian) (first ed.). Rome: Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone. pp. 117–120. ISBN 88-7565-100-0.
- ↑ Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 5.
- ↑ Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 6.
- ↑ Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 7.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cottam 1998-Selected Biographies, p. 8.
Bibliography
- Cottam, Kazimiera Janina. Women in War and Resistance – Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers. Newburyport MA, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co. 1998. ISBN 1-58510-160-5.
- Milanetti, Gian Piero (2013). Soviet Airwomen of the Great Patriotic War - A pictorial history. Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone, Rome, Italy. ISBN 9788875651466.
- Milanetti, Gian Piero (2011). Le Streghe della Notte: La storia non detta delle eroiche ragazze-pilota dell'Unione Sovietica nella Grande Guerra Patriottica (in Italian). Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone, Roma, Italia. ISBN 88-7565-100-0.
- Pennington, Reina (1997). Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-1554-7.
- Sakaida, Henry (2003). Heroines of the Soviet Union: 1941-45. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-598-3.
- Sorokina, M. A. "People and Procedures: Toward a History of the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in the USSR," Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 6, Issue 4, (2005) 797-831.