Vaishali district
| Vaishali district वैशाली जिला ضلع ویشالی | |
|---|---|
| District of Bihar | |
 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Bihar |
| Administrative division | Tirhut |
| Headquarters | Hajipur |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Hajipur, Vaishali |
| • Assembly seats | Hajipur, Lalganj, Vaishali, Mahua, Raja Pakar, Raghopur, Mahnar, Patepur |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2,036 km2 (786 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 3,495,249 |
| • Density | 1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 68.56 per cent |
| • Sex ratio | 892 |
| Major highways | NH 19, NH 77, NH 103 |
| Website | Official website |
Vaishali district is a district in Bihar state, India. It is named after the Vaishali (ancient city). The history of Vaishali district is thus very ancient, and finds mention in the Indian classic Mahabharata, as well as in Buddhist and Jain tradition.
History
Ancient Vaishali
Vaishali derives its name from King Vishal of the Mahabharata age. Even before the advent of Buddhism and Jainism, Vaishali was the capital of the vibrant republican Licchavi state since before the birth of Mahavira (c. 599 BC), which suggests that it was perhaps the first republic in the world, similar to those later found in ancient Greece.[1] In that period, Vaishali was an ancient metropolis and the capital city of the republic of the Vaishali state, which covered most of the Himalayan Gangetic region of present-day Bihar state, India. Very little is known about the early history of Vaishali. The Vishnu Purana records 34 kings of Vaishali, the first being Nabhaga, who is believed to have abdicated his throne over a matter of human rights and believed to have declared: "I am now a free tiller of the soil, king over my acre." The last among the 34 was Sumati, who is considered a contemporary of Dasaratha, father of the Hindu god, Lord Rama.
Numerous references to Vaishali are found in texts pertaining to both Jainism and Buddhism, which have preserved much information on Vaishali and the other Maha Janapadas. Based on the information found in these texts, Vaishali was established as a republic by the 6th century BC, prior to the birth of Gautama Buddha in 563, making it the world's first republic.
In the republic of Vaishali, Lord Mahavira was born. Gautama Buddha delivered his last sermon at Vaishali and announced his Parinirvana there. Vaishali is also renowned as the land of Ambapali (also spelled as Amrapali), the great Indian courtesan, who appears in many folktales, as well as in Buddhist literature. Ambapali became a disciple of Buddha.
A kilometre away is Abhishek Pushkarini, the coronation tank. The sacred waters of the tank anointed the elected representatives of Vaishali. Next to it stands the Japanese temple and the Vshwa Shanti Stupa (World Peace Pagoda) built by the Nipponzan Myohoji sect of Japan. A small part of the Buddha's relics found in Vaishali have been enshrined in the foundation and in the chhatra of the Stupa. Near the coronation tank is Stupa 1 or the Relic Stupa. Here the Lichchavis reverentially encased one of the eight portions of the Master's relics, which they received after the Mahaparinirvana. After his last discourse the Awakened One set out for Kushinagar, but the Licchavis kept following him. Buddha gave them his alms bowl but they still refused to return. The Master created an illusion of a river in spate which compelled them to go back. This site can be identified with Deora in modern Kesariya village, where Ashoka later built a stupa. Ananda, the favourite disciple of the Buddha, attained Nirvana in the midst of the Ganges outside Vaishali.
Post-Independence
Vaishali became a district when it was split from Muzaffarpur in 1972.[2]
Geography
Vaishali district occupies an area of 2,036 square kilometres (786 sq mi),[3] comparatively equivalent to Spain's Tenerife.[4]
Vaishali district is a part of Tirhut division and Hajipur town is the district headquarters. The district of Vaishali came into existence on 12/10/1972. Earlier it was the part of old Muzzafarpur district.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Vaishali one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[5] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[5]
Sub-Divisions
Vaishali district comprises the following Sub-Divisions:
- Hajipur,
- Mahnar,and
- Mahua
Blocks: Mahnar, Sahadai Buzurg, Kumar Bajitpur Vaishali, Bidupur, Goraul, Raghopur, Lalganj, Hazipur, Mahua, Jandaha, Patepur, Sahdeibuzurg, Rajapakar, Bhagwanpur, Chehrakala, Premraj, Patedhi-Belshar, Desri, Taiyyopur, Sarai, Manibhakurahar
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Vaishali district has a population of 3,495,249,[6] roughly equal to the nation of Panama[7] or the US state of Connecticut.[8] This gives it a ranking of 86th in India (out of a total of 640).[6] The district has a population density of 1,717 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,450 /sq mi) .[6] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.58%.[6] Vaishali has a sex ratio of 892 females for every 1000 males,[6] and a literacy rate of 68.56%.[6]
Culture
Flora and fauna
In 1997 Vaishali district became home to the Barela Salim Ali Zubba Saheni Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi).[9]
Pictures
References
- ↑ http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074639/Vaisali
- ↑ Law, Gwillim (2011-09-25). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
- ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
- ↑ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11. "Tenerife 2,034km2"
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme". National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. "Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est."
- ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. "Connecticut 3,574,097"
- ↑ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Bihar". Retrieved September 25, 2011.
External links
- Vaishali district, Official website
- Vaishali district at Govt. of Bihar, website.
- Vaishali Information Portal
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Muzaffarpur district | | ||
| Saran district |  |
Samastipur district | ||
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| Patna district |
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