V8 Supercars

V8 Supercars

Category	Touring car racing
Country	Australia
Inaugural season	1997
Drivers	25
Teams	15
Constructors	5
Tyre suppliers	Dunlop
Drivers' champion	Jamie Whincup
Teams' champion	Triple Eight Race Engineering
Makes' champion	Holden
Official website	V8Supercars.com.au
Current season

V8 Supercars is a touring car racing category based in Australia and run as an International Series under Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) regulations.

V8 Supercar events take place in all Australian states and territories,^[1] excluding the Australian Capital Territory (which formerly held the Canberra 400).^[2] Overseas rounds are also held in New Zealand and the United States^[1] and previously in China, Bahrain^[3] and the United Arab Emirates.^[4] A non-championship event is also held in support of the Australian Grand Prix. Race formats vary between each event, with sprint races between 100 and 200 kilometres in length at some events compared to the 500 km and 1000 km, two-driver endurance races held at Sandown and Bathurst.^[5] The series is broadcast in 137 countries^[6] and has an average event attendance of over 100,000, with over 250,000 people attending major events such as the Clipsal 500.^[7]

The cars used in the series are loosely based on road-going, four-door saloon cars. Cars are custom made using a control chassis, with only certain body panels being common between the road cars and race cars. To ensure parity between each make of car, many control components are utilised. All cars must use a 5.0-litre, naturally aspirated V8-engine.^[8] Originally only for Ford Falcons and Holden Commodores, the New Generation V8 Supercar regulations, introduced in 2013, opened up the series to more manufacturers.^[9] Nissan were the first new manufacturer to enter with the Nissan Altima,^[10] before Erebus Racing entered three Mercedes-Benz E63 AMGs.^[11] Volvo announced it would enter the series in 2014 with Garry Rogers Motorsport using the Volvo S60.^[12]

History

Group 3A

The concept of a formula centred around V8-engined Fords and Holdens for the Australian Touring Car Championship had been established as early as mid-1991. With the new regulations set to come into effect in 1993, Ford and Holden were both keen to know the details of the new formula by the end of 1991, putting pressure on the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport to provide clarity on the matter. However, CAMS was waiting to see what the FIA did with its proposed international formula for 2.5 and 2.0-litre touring cars.^[13]

The new rules for the ATCC were announced in November 1991 and indicated that the V8 cars would be significantly faster than the smaller engined cars. During 1992, CAMS looked at closing the performance gap between the classes, only to have protests from Ford and Holden, who didn't want to see their cars beaten by the smaller cars. In June 1992, the class structure was confirmed:^[14]

• Class A: Australian-produced 5.0-litre V8-engined Fords and Holdens.
• Class B: 2.0-litre cars complying with FIA Class II Touring Car regulations.
• Class C: normally aspirated two-wheel drive cars complying with 1992 CAMS Group 3A Touring Car regulations. This class would only be eligible in 1993.^[15]

Both the Ford EB Falcon and Holden VP Commodore ran American-based engines which were restricted to 7500 rpm and a compression ratio of 10:1. The V8s were first eligible to compete in the endurance races of 1992. The distinctive aerodynamics package, consisting of large front and rear spoilers, was designed partly with this in mind, to give the new cars a better chance of beating the Nissan Skyline GT-Rs in those races.^[14]

The new rules meant that cars such as the turbocharged Nissan Skyline GT-R and Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth were not eligible to compete in 1993, while cars such as the BMW M3 were. However, the M3 received few of the liberal concessions given to the new V8s and also had an extra 100 kilograms (220 lb) added to its minimum weight so,^[16] with the Class C cars eligible for 1993 only, the German manufacturer’s attention switched to the 2.0-litre class for 1994.

Cars from all three classes would contest the 1993 Australian Touring Car Championship as well as non-championship Australian touring car events such as the Bathurst 1000. However, for the purposes of race classification and points allocation, cars competed in two classes:

1. Over 2000cc.
2. Up to 2000cc.

Originally the 2.0-litre class cars competed in a separate race to the V8s. This was changed for the second round of 1993, after there were only nine entrants in the 2.0-litre class for the first round at Amaroo.^[16]

With the new regulations intended to be a parity formula, there were protests by the Holden teams that the Fords had an aerodynamic advantage after they won the opening three rounds, beating the Commodore comprehensively. After round five at Winton, Holden was granted a new front and rear wing package. The BMWs were also allowed a new splitter and a full DTM-specification rear wing.^[17] Disparity between the Fords and Holdens continued to be a talking point during the next few years, with various concessions given to each manufacturer to try and equalise the two cars.^[18]

From 1995, the 2.0-litre cars, now contesting their own series as Super Touring cars, became ineligible for the Australian Touring Car Championship. They did not contest the endurance races at Sandown and Bathurst, leaving these open solely to the 5.0-litre Ford and Holden models.

V8 Supercars

The Australian Vee Eight Super Car Company (AVESCO) – a joint venture between the Touring Car Entrants Group of Australia (TEGA), sports promoters IMG and the Australian Motor Sports Commission – was formed in November 1996 to run the series. This set the foundation for the large expansion of the series during the following years. The category also adopted the name 'V8 Supercars' at this time,^[19] though the cars themselves were much unchanged. A new television deal with Network Ten was organised, although this had follow-on effects for the Bathurst 1000 later in the year.^[20]

In February 1997, Tony Cochrane and James Erskine left IMG. Together with David Coe, they formed Sports & Entertainment Limited (SEL) in April 1997.^[21] TEGA would have a 75% share in AVESCO, with SEL owning the other 25%. TEGA was responsible for the rules and technical management of the series and the supply of cars and drivers while SEL was responsible for capturing and maintaining broadcasting rights, sponsorship, licensing and sanction agreements.^[22]

The expansion of the series began in 1998, with the first round to be held in the Northern Territory taking place at Hidden Valley Raceway. In 1999, a new street-race on a shortened version of the Adelaide Grand Prix Circuit became one of the first festival-style events which would become common in later years. Australia's capital city, Canberra, hosted its first event in 2000. In 2001, a championship round was held in New Zealand for the first time, at Pukekohe Park Raceway.^[23] In 2002, the V8 Supercar support event at the Indy 300 on the Gold Coast became a championship round, having been a non-championship event since 1994.^[24]

Major format changes were made for 1999, with the incorporation of the endurance races into the championship. Control tyres were used for the first time, with Bridgestone selected as the supplier. The series was also renamed from the 'Australian Touring Car Championship' to the 'Shell Championship Series', by virtue of Shell's sponsorship of the category.^[25] Reverse-grid races were introduced for multiple rounds in 2000^[26] before being confined to just the Canberra round for 2001. Also in 2001, compulsory pit stops were introduced at certain rounds and the Top Ten Shootout was used at all rounds.^[27] The control tyre supplier changed from Bridgestone to Dunlop in 2002 and the series name was changed to the 'V8 Supercar Championship Series' after Shell discontinued their sponsorship.^[28]

Project Blueprint

Discussions about parity had returned in 2000, with 100-millimetres trimmed from the front spoiler of the Commodore after Holden, in particular the Holden Racing Team, had dominated in 1998 and 1999. Ford had threatened to withdraw from the series, but nothing came of this.^[29] After Holden again dominated in 2001 and 2002, a new set of regulations, dubbed 'Project Blueprint', was introduced in 2003 to close the performance gap between the Commodore and the Falcon,^[30] thus creating closer, fairer racing.^[31] Project Blueprint was developed by Paul Taylor and Wayne Cattach, who spent two years designing a formula which would eliminate most of the differences between the Fords and Holdens.^[32]

Project Blueprint saw the chassis pick-up points, wheelbase, track and driving position become common across both manufacturers. The Holdens were now required to use double wishbone front suspension, similar to that of the Falcon, rather than the MacPherson struts used previously. The aerodynamic packages were comprehensively tested and revised and differences in the porting of each of the manufacturers' engines were also removed.^[30][33] The performance of the new Ford BA Falcon and Holden VY and VZ Commodores was fairly even for the next four years, with Ford winning the championship in 2003, 2004 and 2005 and Holden winning in 2006.^[34] Reverse-grid races were used at certain events in 2006 before unpopularity with the drivers, teams and fans saw them abolished halfway through the season.^[35]

The Holden VE Commodore caused controversy when it was introduced in 2007. The production model was longer, wider and taller than the rival Ford BF Falcon and outside of the limits set by Project Blueprint. As a result, the VE race car was granted custom body work - namely shortened rear doors and a lowered roof line - in order to meet the regulations.^[36] Despite this, the VE was approved for use in the series, along with the BF Falcon, after several months of pre-season testing.^[37] Sequential gearboxes were introduced in 2008 and became compulsory by the end of the year.^[38] In 2009, E85 (a fuel consisting of 85% ethanol and 15% unleaded petrol) was introduced in an effort to improve the environmental image of the sport. Carbon dioxide emissions decreased by up to 50%, however fuel consumption was increased by 30% to produce the same power as before.^[39] 2009 also saw the introduction of a soft compound tyre at certain events to try and improve the quality of the racing and create different strategies.^[40][41]

In 2005, AVESCO changed its name to V8 Supercars Australia (VESA).^[19] The series continued to expand during this time, with races held outside of Australasia for the first time. The series travelled to the Shanghai International Circuit in China in 2005, originally on a five-year agreement,^[42] however the promoter of the race dropped their support and the series did not return thereafter.^[43] 2006 saw the series travel to the Middle East, with an event held at the Bahrain International Circuit in Bahrain.^[3] A bunch of new street circuits appeared on the calendar in 2008 and 2009, with new events held in Hamilton in New Zealand,^[44] Townsville in North Queensland and Sydney Olympic Park.^[45] The series' Middle East expansion continued in 2010 with a second round held at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi.^[4] In November 2010, the series was granted international status by the FIA for the 2011 season, allowing the series to race at up to six international venues each year. As a result, the series name was changed to the 'International V8 Supercars Championship'.^[46]

2008 saw the separate boards of directors of VESA and TEGA merge into a single board that was solely responsible for the administration of the category. The new board of directors was composed of four TEGA representatives, two members from SEL and two independent directors.^[47] In 2011, TEGA and SEL entered a sale agreement with Australian Motor Racing Partners (AMRP), which had significant financial backing from Archer Capital. This agreement saw SEL lose its 25% stake in V8 Supercars, with Archer Capital taking up a 60% share and TEGA the other 40%. A new board of directors was appointed, with two TEGA representatives and two AMRP representatives.^[48]

New Generation V8 Supercar

In the middle of 2008, a project led by Mark Skaife was organised by V8 Supercars to investigate future directions for the sport. The project had the primary objective of cutting costs to A$250,000 per car through the use of control parts and to create a pathway for new manufacturers to enter the series, provided that they have a four-door saloon car in mass production. The new formula, called 'Car of the Future', was scheduled to be introduced before or during the 2012 season. The plan was publicly unveiled in March 2010 and was shown to incorporate several key changes to the internal workings of the car. The chassis and the cooling, fuel and electronics systems would all be changed to control parts, with changes to the engine, drivetrain, rear suspension, wheels and the control brake package. The safety of the cars was also to be reviewed and improved.^[49] While the plans were well received by all of the teams, Holden Motorsport boss Simon McNamara warned potential new manufacturers to stay out of the championship just hours after the plans were released, claiming that they would "gain nothing" from entering the series.^[50]

Major changes were revealed to be a switch from a live rear axle to independent rear suspension, the use of a rear transaxle instead of a mid-mounted gearbox, the repositioning of the fuel tank in front of the rear axle to improve safety, replacing the windscreen with a polycarbonate unit and a switch from 17-inch to 18-inch wheels.^[49] In 2011, it was announced that the Car of the Future wouldn't be introduced until 2013.^[51] In February 2012, Nissan confirmed that they would enter the series under Car of the Future regulations with Kelly Racing.^[10] Later in 2012, Australian GT Championship team Erebus Racing announced they would be running Mercedes-Benz cars in the championship, taking over Stone Brothers Racing.^[11][52] In June 2013, Volvo announced it would enter the series in 2014 in a collaboration with its motorsport arm, Polestar Racing, and Garry Rogers Motorsport.^[12]

The series continued its international expansion in 2013, with the first event in North America held at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas.^[53] In November 2013 the Car of the Future moniker was dropped in favour of the New Generation V8 Supercar.^[54]

V8 Supercar Specifications

The current New Generation V8 Supercar regulations are an evolution of the previous Project Blueprint regulations. The regulations control many aspects of the car to ensure parity between the manufacturers, allowing for minor differences in the engines and body shapes so that the cars bear some resemblance to their production counterparts. The regulations were also designed to lower the costs of building and repairing a car.^[49]

Bodyshell

The body of each car is based on its corresponding production car. However, due to the regulations governing the dimensions of the cars to ensure parity, the race cars are lowered and shortened or lengthened to meet the regulations.^[55] As of 2014, only the Ford FG Falcon, Holden VF Commodore, Mercedes-Benz E63 AMG W212, Nissan Altima L33 and Volvo S60 are eligible to compete.^[56] To save costs, the front guards, passenger-side front door, rear doors and rear quarter panels are made from composite materials.^[57] The head lights and tail lamps are carried over from the road car, while the windscreen is replaced by a polycarbonate unit.^[8]

The bodies are built around a control chassis provided by Pace Innovations, which includes a full roll cage.^[8] Many safety features are utilised to protect the driver in the event of an accident. The fuel tank is positioned in front of the rear axle to prevent it from being damaged or ruptured in a rear end impact. The driver is seated towards the centre of the car and extra reinforcement is used on the roll cage on the drivers' side to lessen the risk of injury in a side-on collision. The cars also feature a collapsible steering column and a fire extinguisher system.^[9]

Aerodynamics

All cars have an aerodynamics package consisting of a front spoiler and splitter, side skirts and a rear wing. The aerodynamics package for each manufacturer is homologated after a series of tests which ensure that the different body styles produce near-identical downforce and drag numbers.^[58][59]

Weight

The minimum weight of each car is 1,410 kilograms (3,110 lb) including the driver, with a minimum load of 750 kg over the front axle.^[60] The minimum weight for the driver is 100 kg and includes the driver dressed in full racing apparel, the seat and seat mountings and any ballast needed to meet the minimum weight.^[61] Some other components also have a minimum weight, such as the engine (200 kg) and the front uprights (10.5 kg each).^[62]

Engine and Drivetrain

All cars must be front-engined and rear-wheel drive. All cars use a 5.0-litre, naturally aspirated V8-engine with electronic fuel injection, capable of producing between 460 and 485 kW (620–650 bhp).^[8] Manufacturers are free to choose between using an engine based on one from their own line up or a generic engine provided by V8 Supercars.^[63] Both Ford and Holden use US-based racing engines with pushrod actuated valves and two valves per cylinder. Mercedes and Nissan use modified versions of their own engines, with hydraulic-lift valves and four valves per cylinder.^[55][64] All engines are electronically limited to 7500 rpm and have a compression ratio of 10:1.^[65]

Power is transferred from the engine to the rear wheels through a six-speed sequential transaxle with an integrated spool differential.^[8] The individual gear ratios and the final drive ratio are fixed with drop gears at the front of the transaxle allowing the teams to alter the overall transmission ratio for different circuits.^[66] The cars use a triple plate clutch.^[8] The cars run on E85 fuel with a fuel tank capacity of 112 litres.^[8][67]

An electronic control unit (ECU), provided by MoTeC, is used to monitor and optimise various aspects of the engine's performance. Numerous sensors in the car collect information which is then transmitted to the team, allowing them to monitor things such as tyre wear and fuel consumption and find potential problems with the car. The ECU is also used by officials during the scrutineering process.^[68]

Suspension

All cars are required to use a double wishbone setup for the front suspension and independent rear suspension. Both the front and rear suspension systems feature adjustable shock absorbers and an anti-roll bar which can be adjusted from the cockpit.^[8]

Brakes

The cars use disc brakes supplied by AP Racing on the front and rear, with the master cylinders provided by former control brake supplier Alcon. The front discs have a diameter of 395 millimetres (15.6 in) and a six-piston caliper, while the rear discs are 355 millimetres (14.0 in) wide and have a four-piston caliper.^[8][69]

Wheels and Tyres

The cars use 18-inch control wheels, produced by Rimstock and supplied by Racer Industries, and control tyres from Dunlop. The slick tyre is available in both hard and soft compounds, with teams required to use either or both compounds in each race, depending on the event. A grooved wet tyre is used in damp conditions.^[8][70]

Cost

The New Generation V8 Supercar regulations are intended to reduce the cost of building a car (without engine) from around $450,000 to $250,000,^[31][49] with the cost of an engine coming down from around $120,000 to $50,000.^[71][72] These targets are not expected to be met until after the initial development phase has transitioned to replicated manufacture.

Series Structure

Teams and Drivers

In order to compete in the V8 Supercars Championship, drivers are required to hold a CAMS National Circuit Competition Licence, or a licence of an equivalent or higher level.^[73] All teams are required to own a Racing Entitlements Contract (REC) for each car that they run. An REC is a contract between V8 Supercars and a team which outlines the team's entitlements and obligations in the series.^[74] A racing number is tied to each REC, with teams able to apply for an REC number to be changed or to swap numbers with another team. The series champion is entitled to use the number 1, with the original REC number of that car not becoming available to other teams and drivers unless it is changed.^[75]

Teams consist of one, two or four cars, with most one-car teams forming an alliance with a two-car team. These single-car teams are said to be "satellite teams" of the two car teams.^[76] Only REC holders, with a maximum of 28, are allowed to compete at each event, though Development Series teams are allowed to enter the endurance races as "wildcard" entries, with a maximum of six extra cars on top of the regular 28.^[77] Teams are required to employ a co-driver for each car during the endurance races due to the increased race distance and the need for driver substitutions during the race. Co-drivers are permitted to take part in Friday practice sessions at selected events during the year.^[78]

The Drivers Championship title is awarded to the driver who accumulates the most points over the course of the season. If there is a points tie for the series win, the champion will be decided based on the number of races won by each driver (if there is still a tie, it is based on second place finishes and so on). Teams also compete for the Teams Championship, with the champion team being decided in the same manner as the Drivers Championship. For Teams Championship points scoring purposes, teams with four cars are separated into a pair of two car teams.^[79]

Development Series

A second-tier series, the Dunlop V8 Supercar Series, is run as a support category to the main series at certain events.^[6] Initially for privateers who didn't have the funding of the professional teams in the late 1990s, the series now serves the dual purpose of developing young drivers before they compete in the main series and a means for main series teams to give their endurance co-drivers more racing experience prior to the endurance races. Teams in the Dunlop Series compete with cars previously used in the main series.

A third V8 Supercar-based series, the Kumho Tyres V8 Touring Car Series, has been run since 2008 but has no involvement with the International V8 Supercars Championship or the Dunlop V8 Supercar Series, instead running on the programme of the Shannons Nationals Motor Racing Championships.^[80]

Race Formats

Sprint Events

Practice and qualifying

Four thirty-minute practice sessions take place at each sprint round - either on the Friday or across Friday and Saturday - with the exception of the Ipswich 300, the Winton 360 and the Phillip Island 360. The Ipswich and Winton events have two 75-minute sessions held on Friday while the Phillip Island round has three thirty-minute sessions on Saturday and one on Sunday.^[81]

With the exception of the Clipsal 500, the Auckland 400, the Austin 400, the Skycity Triple Crown, the Townsville 400 and the Sydney 500, all events consist of a twenty-minute qualifying session held before the race on Saturday and a thirty-minute session, split into two fifteen-minute parts, before the race on Sunday. The Clipsal 500 features a twenty-minute qualifying session followed by a top ten shootout (a session where the fastest ten qualifiers complete one flying lap each to determine the top ten on the grid) on the Friday and a single twenty-minute session on Sunday. The Auckland 400 has four fifteen-minute sessions held, with two held before the races on Saturday and Sunday.^[82] The Saturday sessions are followed by a top ten shootout to decide the grid for the second race.^[83] The Austin 400 will have a single qualifying session held before the two races on Saturday and Sunday.^[84] The Skycity Triple Crown, the Townsville 400 and the Sydney 500 all feature a top ten shootout after the Saturday qualifying session and the Townsville and Sydney events have a single twenty-minute session on Sunday.^[81]

Races

2013 saw the introduction of the "60/60 Sprint" format, to be used at Symmons Plains, Barbagallo, Hidden Valley, Queensland Raceway, Winton and Phillip Island. A single 120 km race is held on the Saturday, split into two halves with a fifteen-minute "half-time break" in between to allow teams to work on the cars. The grid for the second half is based on the results of the first half and points are awarded based on the results of the second half only. This is followed by a pair of 100 km races on Sunday. The Clipsal 500 and the Sydney 500 both consist of a pair of 250 km races, with one held on Saturday and one on Sunday. The Townsville 400 consists of two 200 km races held on Saturday and Sunday.^[81] The Texas and Pukekohe events both have four 100 km races, with two races held on both Saturday and Sunday.^[53][82]

Endurance Events

There are three endurance events held during the year: the Sandown 500, the Bathurst 1000 and the Gold Coast 600. These events require two drivers per car and together they form the Endurance Cup, a prize awarded to the driver or drivers who score the most points across the three events.^[85]

Practice and Qualifying

The Sandown 500 and the Gold Coast 600 both feature four forty-minute practice sessions, held across Friday and Saturday. The Bathurst 1000 consists of three fifty-minute and two forty-five-minute sessions held during Thursday and Friday.^[81]

Qualifying for the Sandown 500 involves a twenty-minute session followed by a pair of 60 km "qualifying races" held on Saturday.^[81] The grid for the first race is based on the qualifying session; the grid for the second race is based on the results of the first. The results of the second race determine the grid for the main race on Sunday. Co-drivers must compete in the first of the qualifying races while the main driver must compete in the second.^[86]

The Bathurst 1000 features a single forty-minute qualifying session on Friday afternoon followed by a top ten shootout on Saturday. The Gold Coast 600 has two thirty-minute qualifying sessions, one each on Saturday and Sunday, with the Saturday session followed by a top ten shootout. The Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000 both have a twenty-minute warm-up session on Sunday morning.^[81]

Races

The Sandown 500 and the Bathurst 1000 feature single races held on Sunday, at 500 km and 1000 km in length respectively. The Gold Coast 600 consists of two 300 km races with one held on Saturday and one on Sunday.^[81]

Points System

Points are currently awarded as follows at all championship events. Various different points scales are applied to events having one, two, three or four races, ensuring that a driver will be awarded 300 points for winning all races at any event.^[87] Points are awarded to all cars that have covered 75% of the race distance, provided they are running at the completion of the final lap and with a final lap time within 200% of the race winner's fastest lap.^[88] At the endurance events, both drivers earn the total points awarded to the finishing position of the car.^[89]

		Position
		1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th
Event format
	Four-race	75	69	64	60	55	51	48	45	42	39	36	34	33	31	30	28	27	25	24	22	21	19	18	16	15	13	12	10
	Three-race	100	92	86	80	74	68	64	60	56	52	48	46	44	42	40	38	36	34	32	30	28	26	24	22	20	18	16	14
	Two-race	150	138	129	120	111	102	96	90	84	78	72	69	66	63	60	57	54	51	48	45	42	39	36	33	30	27	24	21
	Single-race	300	276	258	240	222	204	192	180	168	156	144	138	132	126	120	114	108	102	96	90	84	78	72	66	60	54	48	42

Tyre Allocation

Tyres are allocated at each event as follows:^{[81][83][90][91][92]}

Event	Tyre Allocation
	Hard	Soft	Wet
Clipsal 500 Adelaide	32	0	16
Symmons Plains	0	24	12
Pukekohe	28	0	12
Barbagallo	0	24	12
Austin 400	28	0	12
Hidden Valley	12	8	12
Townsville 400	12	8	12
Queensland Raceway	0	20	12
Winton	0	20	12
Sandown 500	24	0	20
Bathurst 1000	32	0	24
Gold Coast 600	0	28	20
Phillip Island	20	0	12
Sydney 500	24	0	12

Notable Events

Bathurst 1000

The Bathurst 1000, also known as the "Great Race" and held in some form since 1960, is the most famous race on the V8 Supercars calendar,^[93] as well as the longest both in terms of race distance and race time. The race is run over 161 laps of the Mount Panorama Circuit, totalling 1000 km in total, with the race taking between six and seven hours to complete. The event has attracted crowds of nearly 200,000 people.^[7] The Peter Brock Trophy, named after nine-time Bathurst 1000 winner Peter Brock, is awarded to the winners of the race. The trophy was introduced in 2006 following Brock's death in a crash at the Targa West rally one month prior to the race.^[94]

Sandown 500

The Sandown 500 was first held as a six-hour race in 1964^[95] and has been labelled as the traditional "Bathurst warm-up" race.^[96] Like the Bathurst 1000, the Sandown 500 is run over 161 laps. Due to the shorter track length of Sandown Raceway the race is only 500 km and runs for between three and four hours. The Sandown 500 was not held for V8 Supercars from 1999 to 2002 and from 2008 to 2011. During these years, the 500 km endurance races took place at Queensland Raceway (1999–2002)^[97] and the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit (2008–2011).^[98]

Clipsal 500 Adelaide

The Clipsal 500 has been held since 1999 and has become the traditional season-opening event.^[99] It is run on a shortened version of the former Adelaide Grand Prix Circuit. Consisting of two 250 km races run on Saturday and Sunday, the event has been labelled the most physically demanding by the drivers, due to the length of each race, the nature of the circuit and the effect of the heat.^[100] The event's format was changed for 2014, with the Saturday race being replaced with a pair of 125 km races.^[101] The event attracts crowds of over 250,000 people^[7] and is the only event to be inducted into the V8 Supercar Hall of Fame.^[102] The Clipsal 500 was the first carnival-style event which would become common in the ten years after its inception, with music concerts held during the night.^[103]

Gold Coast 600

The Gold Coast 600 was introduced in 2009 after the American IndyCar Series elected not to return to the Surfers Paradise circuit that year. The A1 Grand Prix series was scheduled to fill the void left by IndyCar,^[104] however the owners of the series went into liquidation in June 2009 and,^[105] as a result, the A1 Grand Prix cars were withdrawn from the event.^[106] In order to compensate for this, V8 Supercars introduced a new four-race format, with two 150 km races held on each day.^[107] In 2010 the format changed to include two 300 km races and it became a two-driver event. To restore the event's previous international flavour, each team was required to have at least one co-driver with an 'international reputation' (that is, they were recognised for exploits in motorsport outside of Australia).^[108] In 2013 the international co-driver rule was dropped as the event became part of the Endurance Cup, though teams could still choose to employ an international driver for the endurance races.^[85]

Sydney 500

In 2004, V8 Supercars introduced the name "Grand Finale"^[109] for the final round of the season (having called it "The Main Event" in 2003).^[110] The Grand Finale was held at Sydney Motorsport Park in 2003 and 2004, Phillip Island in 2005, 2006 and 2007 and Oran Park Raceway in 2008. The Grand Finale name was used until 2008 before the Sydney 500 became the final event of the series in 2009.^[111] The Sydney 500 is held around the streets of Sydney Olympic Park. Its format is similar to the Clipsal 500, with a 250 km race held on both Saturday and Sunday. Despite having a relatively simple layout, the circuit is one of the most challenging on the calendar.^[112] Doubt has been cast over the future of the event with questions asked of its economic value.^[113][114]

Future

When the Car of the Future plans were released in 2010, then-V8 Supercars Australia chairman Tony Cochrane detailed plans dubbed "Phase Two", which intended to look at the direction of the sport in the first five years after the Car of the Future regulations were introduced. In addition to enticing more manufacturers to join the series, Phase Two plans include adding to the sport's international appeal by including races in India, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Africa, as well as two new domestic races.^[115][116] In 2011, the series was also linked with a race in the Philippines.^[117]

With Ford Australia officially announcing that production of the Falcon will cease by 2016, alternative models to replace it have been explored, including the Mustang.^[118] Triple Eight Race Engineering team owner Roland Dane voiced the idea of allowing two-door coupé body styles to compete in the series.^[119] Holden's decision to end local production in 2017 has also forced the V8 Supercars to consider major changes.^[120]

Television Coverage

After the new Group 3A regulations were adopted in 1993, the Seven Network continued to broadcast the series as it had done in previous years. Shortly after AVESCO was formed, a new television deal with Network Ten was announced.^[20] This deal lasted for ten years until a new deal with Seven was put together in 2007, which was renewed in 2013.^[121] In addition to the Seven's live coverage, a weekly 25-minute show titled V8Xtra is broadcast on non-racing weekends. The program covers news and feature items relating to the series. The coverage is produced by V8 Supercar Television, a specialist production company for V8 Supercars Australia.^[7] Network Ten continues to broadcast the V8 Supercars once a year when they appear on the support program for the Australian Grand Prix, which is broadcast by Ten. All support category races are tied up with the Grand Prix broadcast rights as a package. In December 2013 it was announced that Fox Sports Australia and Network Ten had signed a $241 million deal to jointly televise the series for a six-year period, starting in 2015.^[122]

V8 Supercars Television records the series in 16:9 (576i), with many cars carrying four or more mini onboard-cameras. High-definition was used to broadcast the Bathurst 1000 and the Gold Coast 600 in 2011, the first time that V8 Supercars races were available in HD.^[123] However, HD coverage was not continued in 2012.^[124] For North American audiences, races are screened in 16:9 720p HD coverage, as Speed's live motorsport coverage is usually screened in HD format.^[125]

2013 TV Broadcasters

V8 Supercar races were broadcast on the following channels in 2013:^{[84][121][126][127][128]}

Country	TV Network	Free/Pay	Live/Delayed	Notes
Australia	Seven Network	Free	Live	Races broadcast live, qualifying usually delayed.
	7mate	Free	Live	Races broadcast on 7mate in the southern states during the AFL season.
	7Two	Free	Live	Races broadcast on 7Two when they clash with other programming on Seven and 7mate.
	Network Ten	Free	Live	Albert Park non-championship round only.
	Speed	Pay	Delayed
Africa	OSN	Pay	Delayed
Asia	ESPN Star Sports	Pay	Delayed
	Australia Network	Free	Delayed
Brazil	BandSports	Pay	Delayed
Europe	Motors TV	Pay	Live/Delayed	The Bathurst 1000 is shown live.
Latin America (except Brazil)	Fox Sports 3	Pay	Live/Delayed	Races are delayed when other events are being broadcast live.
Middle East	OSN	Pay	Delayed
North America	Speed/Fox Sports 1/Fox Sports 2	Pay	Live/Delayed
New Zealand	Sky Sport	Pay	Live

Records

Driver championships[129]				Driver race wins[130]				Driver event starts[131][132]				Team race wins				Manufacturer race wins
Pos.	Driver	Titles		Pos.	Driver	Wins		Pos.	Driver	Starts		Pos.	Team	Wins		Pos.	Manufacturer	Wins
1	Ian Geoghegan	5		1	Craig Lowndes	94		1	Russell Ingall	233		1	Holden Racing Team	172		1	Holden	451
	Dick Johnson	5		2	Mark Skaife	90		2	John Bowe	225		2	Triple Eight Race Engineering	113		2	Ford	312
	Mark Skaife	5		3	Jamie Whincup	75		3	Craig Lowndes	222		3	Dick Johnson Racing	83		3	Nissan	28
	Jamie Whincup	5		4	Garth Tander	52		4	Mark Skaife	220		4	HSV Dealer Team	50		4	BMW	15
5	Bob Jane	4		5	Peter Brock	48		5	Peter Brock	212		5	Gibson Motor Sport	46		5	Chevrolet	10
	Allan Moffat	4		6	Glenn Seton	40		6	Garth Tander	210		6	Holden Dealer Team/Advantage Racing	42		6	Mazda	8
	Jim Richards	4		7	Allan Moffat	36		7	Glenn Seton	209			Glenn Seton Racing	42		7	Volvo	5
8	Peter Brock	3		8	John Bowe	33		8	Dick Johnson	202		8	Stone Brothers Racing	40		8	Jaguar	4
	Craig Lowndes	3		9	Dick Johnson	30		9	Jason Bright	201			Ford Performance Racing	40		9	Porsche	2
10	3 drivers tied with two championships each			10	2 drivers tied with 28 races each			10	Greg Murphy	197		10	Allan Moffat Racing	33		10	Alfa Romeo	1

Note: bold text indicates active full-time drivers, teams and manufacturers.

Note: The above records relate to the Australian Touring Car Championship (1960–1998), the Shell Championship Series (1999–2001), the V8 Supercar Championship Series (2002–2010) and the International V8 Supercars Championship (2011–2013).

* Figures accurate to the 2013 Sydney NRMA Motoring & Services 500.

See also

• Australian Touring Car Championship
• List of Australian Touring Car and V8 Supercar champions
• List of Australian Touring Car Championship races
• List of Australian Touring Car Records
• V8 Supercar Hall of Fame

References

• Clarke, Andrew; Wensley, Scott (2007). V8 Supercars: The First Decade. Carnegie, Victoria: Publishing 101. ISBN 978-0-9803909-0-2. 
• Greenhalgh, David; Howard, Graham; Wilson, Stewart (2011). The official history: Australian Touring Car Championship - 50 Years. St Leonards, New South Wales: Chevron Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-9805912-2-4. 
• "2013 V8 Supercars Operation Manual". V8 Supercars. 21 February 2013. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to V8 Supercar.

Series

• The official V8 Supercars Australia website

Events

• Clipsal 500 Adelaide
• ITM 400 Auckland
• Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000

Teams

• Brad Jones Racing
• Britek Motorsport
• Charlie Schwerkolt Racing
• Dick Johnson Racing
• Erebus Racing
• Ford Performance Racing
• Garry Rogers Motorsport
• Holden Racing Team
• James Rosenberg Racing
• Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport
• Nissan Motorsport
• Rod Nash Racing
• Tekno Autosports
• Tony D'Alberto Racing
• Triple Eight Race Engineering
• Walkinshaw Racing

v t e Teams, drivers and events of the 2014 International V8 Supercars Championship   Scheduled events Clipsal 500 Adelaide Tasmania 400 Winton 400 ITM 500 Auckland Perth 400 Skycity Triple Crown 400 Sucrogen Townsville 500 Coates Hire Ipswich 400 Sydney Motorsport Park 400 Wilson Security Sandown 500 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 Armor All Gold Coast 600 Phillip Island 400 Sydney 500 Events in italics are part of the Endurance Cup.   Teams and drivers contesting the championship Triple Eight Race Engineering Holden Racing Team Erebus Motorsport Ford Performance Racing Nissan Motorsport 1. Jamie Whincup 888. Craig Lowndes 2. Garth Tander 22. James Courtney 4. Lee Holdsworth 9. Will Davison 5. Mark Winterbottom 6. Chaz Mostert 7. Todd Kelly 15. Rick Kelly 36. Michael Caruso 360. James Moffat Brad Jones Racing Dick Johnson Racing Charlie Schwerkolt Racing Satellite team of Ford Performance Racing Britek Motorsport Satellite team of Brad Jones Racing Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport 8. Jason Bright 14. Fabian Coulthard 16. Scott Pye 17. David Wall 18. Jack Perkins 21. Dale Wood 23. Russell Ingall Volvo Polestar Racing Walkinshaw Racing Satellite team of the Holden Racing Team Rod Nash Racing Satellite team of Ford Performance Racing Tekno Autosports James Rosenberg Racing Satellite team of the Holden Racing Team 33. Scott McLaughlin 34. Robert Dahlgren 47. Tim Slade 55. David Reynolds 97. Shane Van Gisbergen 222. Nick Percat

v t e ATCC / V8 Supercar circuits Current Adelaide Albert Park Symmons Plains Pukekohe Barbagallo Austin Hidden Valley Townsville Queensland Raceway Winton Sandown Bathurst Surfers Paradise Phillip Island Homebush Previous Adelaide International Amaroo Bahrain Calder Canberra Gnoo Blas Hamilton Lakeside Longford Lowood Mallala Oran Park Shanghai Surfers Paradise Raceway Sydney Motorsport Park Wakefield Park Warwick Farm Yas Marina

v t e Australian Touring Car Racing Australian Touring Car Championship 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Shell Championship Series 1999 2000 2001 V8Supercar Championship Series 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 International V8 Supercars Championship 2011 2012 2013 2014 Dunlop V8 Supercar Series Australian Super Touring Championship V8 Touring Car National Series List of Australian Touring Car and V8 Supercar champions List of Australian Touring Car Championship races

v t e Sports leagues of Australia Football codes Association (soccer) Australian Rules Futsal Gridiron Rugby League Rugby Union Touch Footbal Other Baseball Basketball Cricket (First Class) Cricket (Limited Overs) Cricket (Twenty20) Hockey Ice Hockey Lacrosse Lawn bowls Netball Touring cars Water Polo

v t e Classes of auto racing Formula racing F1 F3 F4 Formula Car Challenge Formula Atlantic Formula First Formula Ford Formula Continental Formula Junior Formula Libre Super Formula IndyCar F500 FF1600 Formula SAE Supermodified Sprint car racing Midget car racing Quarter Midget racing Formula Student Formula 1000 BOSS GP Defunct Formula racing F2 F3000 F4000 F5000 Formula A (SCCA) Formula B (SCCA) Formula C (SCCA) Formula Mondial Formula Dream Formula Holden/Formula Brabham Formula Pacific IFM Australian National Formula Grand Prix Masters FCJ Formula Super Vee One-make formulae GP2 GP3 Formula Abarth Formula BMW Formula Car Challenge FIA Formula E USF2000 Formula LGB Swift Hyundai Formula Maruti Formula Mazda Formula Nissan Formula Renault Formula Rolon Formula Toyota Indy Lights Auto GP Star Mazda ADAC Formel Masters SRF Formula Masters China CFGP Formula SCCA BRDC Formula 4 Defunct one-make formulae A1GP Superleague Formula Formula Asia Barber Pro FC Euro Series Formula Opel/Vauxhall FPA Formula V6 Asia GPM Formula König Formula RUS Karting KF3 KF2 KF1 KZ2 KZ1 Superkart/Formula E Touring car racing Group F Group G Group H Super 2000 Diesel 2000 Group N (FIA) V8 Supercar DTM NGTC TC2000 Defunct touring car racing Group 1 Group 2 Group 5 Group A Group C Group E Group S Group N (Australia) Appendix J Class 1 Super Touring Class 2 BTC-T V8Star Superstar Stock car racing NASCAR Sprint Cup Nationwide Truck Canadian Tire ARCA Late model Super Stock Street Stock Allison Legacy Series IMCA Sport Compact Brasil AUSCAR Turismo Carretera Legends Oval racing BriSCA F1 BriSCA F2 V8 Hotstox Superstocks Hot Rods Rallying WRC Super 2000 Super 1600 Group R Defunct rallying Group 1 Group 2 Group 4 Group A Group B Group N Group S Sports prototypes DP Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group C IMSA GTP Camel Light LMP LMPC S2000 Clubmans GC GC-21 Group A Sports Cars Group CN Grand touring Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group B Sprint Series Endurance Series LM GTE/GT2 GT3 GT4 GT500 GT300 Trans-Am IMSA GTO/GTS IMSA GTU Appendix K Group D GT Cars Group D Production Sports Cars Defunct grand touring BPR FIA GT FIA GT1 FIA GT3 Drag racing Top Fuel (TF/D) Top Alcohol Dragster (TA/D) Fuel Funny Car (F/FC) Top Alcohol Funny Car (TA/FC) Pro Stock (PS) Pro Stock Motorcycle (PSM) Pro Modified (Pro Mod) Pro FWD Super Comp/Quick Rod Top Doorslammer Off-road racing Trophy Truck Truggy Dune buggy Baja Bug