Uyedineniya Island

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Uyedineniya

Map of Uyedineniya

Location of Uyedineniya in the Kara Sea
Geography
Location Arctic Ocean, Kara Sea
Coordinates 77°29′N 82°30′E / 77.483°N 82.500°E / 77.483; 82.500Coordinates: 77°29′N 82°30′E / 77.483°N 82.500°E / 77.483; 82.500
Area 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi)
Length 18.5 km (11.5 mi)
Highest elevation 30 m (100 ft)
Country
Russia
Federal district Siberian Federal District
Federal subject Krasnoyarsk Krai
Demographics
Population 0 (uninhabited)
Density 0 /km2 (0 /sq mi)

Uyedineniya Island (also Uedinenia, Russian: Oстров Уединения; Norwegian: Ensomheden) is an island located in the central part of the Kara Sea, roughly midway between Novaya Zemlya and Severnaya Zemlya. Its latitude is 77° 29' N and its longitude 82° 30' E. It is often labelled as Einsamkeit Island (from the German Einsamkeit Insel) and more rarely as Lonely Island or Solitude Island in English maps.

Geography

The island is barren and icy throughout the winter months, but some tundra vegetation grows on it in the summer. Its length is 18.5 km and its total area is 20 km². Compared to other Arctic islands it is flat and low-lying, with some swamps and small lakes and a long spit of land on its NE side. Its highest point is only about 30 m.

Owing to its extreme northerly location the weather is bleak and severe and the sea surrounding Uedineniya is covered with pack ice in the winter. Ice floes are commonly found even in the summer.

The nearest landmasses are the Izvestiy TSIK Islands, located about 150 km to the SSE, while the distance to mainland Siberia to the SSE some 280 km and to the northern tip of Novaja Semlja straight west about 340 km.

Uyedineniya belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation.

History

The island was discovered on 26 August 1878 by Norwegian explorer Captain Edvard Holm Johannesen from Tromsø, named the island Ensomheden—"solitude" in Norwegian—likely due to its isolated location in the Arctic.

Soviet polar explorer Professor Vladimir Yulyevich Vize advanced the hypothesis that there was an extensive shallow area and perhaps more undiscovered islands near Uyedinenya. This was based on certain observations made by polar explorers:

The discovery of that solitary island called Einsamkeit, by Captain Johannesen... is of the greatest importance and significance, as indicating the presence of land hitherto unknown in that direction. Although it received the name it now bears from Captain Johannesen, a name signifying "lonely" or "solitary," it seems exceedingly unlikely that it will prove to be so isolated as is supposed... which would lead to the assumption that it might be the southern termination of a chain of islands eastward of Franz-Josef Land.

During his expedition to Franz Josef Land on ice-breaking steamer "Malygin" in 1931, Vize hoped to carry out oceanographic work in the Northern part of the Kara Sea, but his research was cut short by thick sea ice. Later expeditions and satellite pictures demonstrated that there were no other islands in the vicinity of Uedineniya.

A cervical vertebra of a plesiosaur (Plesiosaurus latispinus) was discovered on the island during an expedition in the 1930s. It was studied by Soviet paleontologist A. N. Ryabinin.

At the time of World War II, there was a small polar observatory on Uyedineniya built by the Soviet government. On September 8, 1942, the German submarine U-251 (Lt. Captain Timm) surfaced close to the island and destroyed the weather station's small building and its garrison by firing grenades against those targets. This was one of the last actions of the Kriegsmarine under Operation Wunderland.

Since May 1993, Uyedineniya has been a part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve in Russia intended to preserve the habitat of the polar bears, pinnipeds (namely, walruses and seals), and the many kinds of birds that live on the island.

The polar observatory, which had been rebuilt during the Cold War time, was abandoned in 1996. Presently there is no human habitation in Uyedineniya.

Climate

Uyedineniya Island has a harsh arctic climate, mean temperatures never rise above freezing.

Climate data for Uyedineniya Island
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) −25
(−13)		 −25
(−13)		 −25
(−13)		 −19
(−2)		 −9
(15)		 −1
(30)		 0
(32)		 0
(32)		 −2
(28)		 −9
(15)		 −18
(0)		 −22
(−7)		 −12
(10)
Precipitation mm (inches) 8
(0.3)		 8
(0.3)		 8
(0.3)		 5
(0.2)		 5
(0.2)		 13
(0.5)		 25
(1.0)		 28
(1.1)		 23
(0.9)		 15
(0.6)		 8
(0.3)		 10
(0.4)		 152
(6.0)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0) 3.9 3.6 3.6 2.1 2.4 4.1 6.1 7.3 6.8 5.9 4.4 5.6 55.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 0.0 5.0 140.0 272.0 178.0 127.0 161.0 87.0 31.0 14.0 0.0 0.0 1,015
Source #1: Weather Reports[1]
Source #2: NOAA (sun, precipitation days, 1961-1990) [2]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ↑ "Weather Reports — Weather Averages for Uyedineniya Island". Retrieved April 1, 2012. 
  2. ↑ "Ujedinenija Island Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 18, 2012. 

Sources

  • Rudolf Samoylovich, Exploration of the Polar Part of U.S.S.R. in 1934 and the Sedov expedition.
  • Albert Hastings Markham. Arctic Exploration, 1895.
  • A.N. Ryabinin, On new discoveries of Plesiosauria in the Soviet Arctic and of a centrum of a cervical vertebra of Plesiosaurus latispinus Owen from the Lonely island in the Kara sea (Russia); Problems of the Arctic AARI, Leningrad; 1939
  • L. Peillard, Geschichte des U-Bootkrieges 1939−1945. 1970.

External links

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