Ustekinumab
| Monoclonal antibody | |
|---|---|
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Human |
| Target | IL-12 and IL-23 |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Stelara |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a611013 |
| Licence data | EMA:Link, US FDA:link |
| Pregnancy cat. | contraindicated |
| Legal status | POM (UK) ℞-only (US) |
| Routes | subcutaneous injection |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 815610-63-0  |
| ATC code | L04AC05 |
| UNII | FU77B4U5Z0  |
| KEGG | D09214 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201835 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C6482H10004N1712O2016S46 |
| Mol. mass | 145.64 kDa |
| (what is this?) (verify) | |
Ustekinumab [1] (INN, experimental name CNTO 1275, proprietary commercial name Stelara,[2] Centocor) is a human monoclonal antibody. It is directed against interleukin 12 and interleukin 23, naturally occurring proteins that regulate the immune system and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders.[3]
In two Phase III trials for moderate to severe psoriasis, the longest >76 weeks, ustekinumab was safe and effective.[4][5]
A third Phase III trial, ACCEPT, compared the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab with etanercept in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.[6] This trial found a significantly higher clinical response with ustekinumab over the 12-week study period compared to high-dose etanercept.[6] It also demonstrated the clinical benefit of ustekinumab among patients who failed to respond to etanercept.[6]
Ustekinumab is approved in Canada, Europe and the United States to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.[7]
It has been tested in Phase II studies for multiple sclerosis[8] and sarcoidosis, the latter versus golimumab (Simponi).[9]
On September 24, 2013, the FDA approved the use of ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.
Development
As of January 2007, there were 5 NIH-listed research studies involving CNTO 1275 on a multinational basis, including 3 Phase II and 2 Phase III trials. Three studies were focused on patients with psoriasis, one on psoriatic arthritis, and one on multiple sclerosis.
On December 4, 2007, a Biologic License Application (BLA) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was filed by Centocor and Janssen-Cilag International (collaborator) has submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA).
On June 17, 2008, the Dermatologic and Ophthalmic Drugs Advisory Committee (DODAC) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration unanimously recommended the approval of ustekinumab (CNTO 1275) for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The decision by the committee is non-binding and final decisions on approval of the drug are made by the FDA. The FDA approved the drug on September 25, 2009.[10]
On November 21, 2008, the European Medicines Agency’s (EMEA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion for ustekinumab for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who failed to respond to other systemic therapies.[11]
On December 12, 2008 the Canadian Health Authority approved the use of ustekinumab for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy.[11]
In September 2008, Centocor released result of a study comparing etanercept and ustekinumab. The entanercept group received subcutaneous injections of the drug twice weekly for 12-weeks while the ustekinumab group received 2 injections, one-month apart, of either 90 or 45 milligrams. At twelve weeks, psoriatic plaques were reduced by at least three-quarters in 68% of the low-dose ustekinumab group and 74% of the high-dose group. Both groups fared better than the etanercept group, 57% of whom saw such improvement. Dr. Alan Menter, chairman of psoriasis research at Baylor Research Institute said of the results, "now we have a drug that will be used less frequently ... with a significant increase in effectiveness. These results are as good as we've seen in psoriasis."[12]
In November 2011, a study conducted at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City by Drs. Kornbluth and Sandborn showed Ustekinumab's potential for treating severe Crohn's disease.[13]
Delivery
Patients enrolled in clinical trials of CNTO 1275 are scheduled to receive the drug by subcutaneous injections at doses of either 45 or 90 mg. The dosage and frequency varies by study and application (type of disease targeted). Generally the initial dosing interval once every three months, after the first two doses are administered four weeks apart.
Mechanism of action
CNTO 1275 is designed to interfere with the triggering of the body's inflammatory response through the suppression of certain cytokines. Specifically, CNTO 1275 blocks interleukin IL-12 and IL-23 which help activate certain T-cells.
Efficacy
In Phase III trials in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, significantly more subcutaneous ustekinumab 45 or 90 mg recipients (administered as two injections 4 weeks apart) than placebo recipients achieved a 75% improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) score at 12 weeks.[14] Health-related quality of life (using the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index) was improved to a significantly greater extent with ustekinumab than with placebo at week 12.[14]
A double-blind placebo controlled randomised dose-ranging Phase II trial in patients with RRMS (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) found that Ustekinumab was not efficacious in reducing the cumulative number of gadolinium-enhancing T1-weighted lesions (the primary endpoint of the study) or the number of clinical or objective relapses (the secondary endpoint). The drug was relatively well tolerated compared to placebo.[15]
Adverse effects
According to information provided by Centocor, maker of one medication based on ustekinumab, their version of the drug is associated with several types of serious adverse effects. These include an increased risk of infection, such as by tuberculosis and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. As with some other immunosuppressant drugs like cyclosporine, the brain swelling of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a risk. The pharmaceutical company also reports serious allergic reaction as a possible side effect. More common side effects are upper respiratory infection, headache, and tiredness.[16]
Tolerability
Clinical trials have shown that subcutaneous ustekinumab was generally well tolerated. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were of mild severity.[14]
References
- ↑ Cingoz, Oya (2009). "Ustekinumab". MAbs 1 (3): 216–221. doi:10.4161/mabs.1.3.8593. PMC 2726595. PMID 20069753.
- ↑ European Medicines Agency, 20 November 2008, http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/opinion/Stelara_58227008en.pdf
- ↑ Reddy M, Davis C, Wong J, Marsters P, Pendley C, Prabhakar U (May 2007). "Modulation of CLA, IL-12R, CD40L, and IL-2Ralpha expression and inhibition of IL-12- and IL-23-induced cytokine secretion by CNTO 1275". Cell. Immunol. 247 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.06.006. PMID 17761156.
- ↑ Leonardi CL, Kimball AB, Papp KA, et al. (May 2008). "Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 76-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 1)". Lancet 371 (9625): 1665–74. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60725-4. PMID 18486739.
- ↑ Papp KA, Langley RG, Lebwohl M, et al. (May 2008). "Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 52-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 2)". Lancet 371 (9625): 1675–84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60726-6. PMID 18486740.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Griffiths C, Strober B, van de Kerkhof P et al. (2010). "Comparison of Ustekinumab and Etanercept for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis". N Engl J Med 362 (2): 118–28. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0810652. PMID 20071701.
- ↑ Medarex to Receive Milestone Payment for Approval of STELARA(TM) (Ustekinumab) for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
- ↑ ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00207727 A Safety and Efficacy Study of CNTO1275 in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
- ↑ ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00955279 A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Ustekinumab or Golimumab Administered Subcutaneously (SC) in Patients With Sarcoidosis
- ↑ http://www.empr.com/stelara-approved-for-moderate-to-severe-psoriasis/article/149760/
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Centocor 12/19/08 Press Release, http://www.centocor.com/centocor/i/press_releases/FDA_ISSUES_COMPLETE_RESPONSE_LETTER_TO_CENTOCOR_FOR_USTEKINUMAB_BIOLOGIC_LICENSE_APPLICATION_
- ↑ Johnson LL. "Study: Drug for serious psoriasis tops competition" The Associated Press. 18 Sept 2008.
- ↑ Wild, David (November 2011), "Novel IL-12/23 Antagonist Shows Potential in Severe Crohn’s", Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News 62 (11), retrieved 2011-12-04
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Weber J, Keam SJ (2009). "Ustekinumab". BioDrugs 23 (1): 53–61. doi:10.2165/00063030-200923010-00006. PMID 19344192.
- ↑ Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, Kim L, Fidelus-Gort R, Kasper LH (September 2008). "Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study". Lancet Neurol 7 (9): 796–804. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70173-X. PMID 18703004.
- ↑ "Important Safety Information". STELARA® (ustekinumab). Janssen Biotech.
External links
- Centocor Ortho Biotech official site
- CNTO 1275 research studies registered with U.S. National Institutes of Health:
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00207727 Phase II Study on Multiple Sclerosis
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00320216 Phase II Study on Psoriasis
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00267969 Phase III Study on Psoriasis
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00307437 Phase III Study on Psoriasis
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00267956 Phase II Study on Psoriatic Arthritis
- Sylvester, Bruce (2006-03-06). "CNTO 1275 Shows Efficacy for Psoriasis: Presented at AAD". Doctor's Guide Publishing. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
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