University of Strasbourg
| University of Strasbourg | |
|---|---|
| Université de Strasbourg | |
 | |
| Latin: Universitas Argentorati | |
| Established | 1538 |
| Type | Public |
| Endowment | €430 million[2] |
| President | Alain Beretz |
| Students | 43,053 |
| Doctoral students | 2,657 |
| Location | Strasbourg, France |
| Affiliations | LERU, Utrecht Network |
| Website | www.unistra.fr |
The University of Strasbourg in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, is the second largest university in France (after Aix-Marseille University), with about 43,000 students and over 4,000 researchers.
The present-day French university traces its history to the earlier German language Universität Straßburg, which was founded in 1631, and was divided in the 1970s into three separate institutions: Louis Pasteur University, Marc Bloch University, and Robert Schuman University. On 1 January 2009, the fusion of these three universities recreated a united University of Strasbourg, which is now amongst Europe's best in the League of European Research Universities.
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History
The university emerged from a Lutheran humanist German Gymnasium, founded in 1538 by Johannes Sturm in the Free Imperial City of Strassburg. It was transformed to a university in 1621 and elevated to the ranks of a royal university in 1631. Among its earliest university students was Johann Scheffler who studied medicine and later converted to Catholicism and became the mystic and poet Angelus Silesius (1624–1677)
The Lutheran German university still persisted even after the annexation of the City by King Louis XIV in 1681 (one famous student was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1770/71), but mainly turned into a French university during the French Revolution.
The university was refounded as the German Kaiser-Wilhelm-Universität in 1872, after the Franco-Prussian war and the return of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany provoked a westwards exodus of Francophone teachers. During the German Empire the university was greatly expanded and numerous new buildings were erected because the university was intended to be a showcase of German against French culture in Alsace. In 1918, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, so a reverse exodus of Germanophone teachers took place.
During the Second World War, when France was occupied, personnel and equipment of the University of Strasbourg were transferred to Clermont-Ferrand. In its place, the short-lived German Reichsuniversität Straßburg was created.
In 1970, the university was subdivided into three separate institutions:
- Louis Pasteur University (Strasbourg I)
- Marc Bloch University (Strasbourg II)
- Robert Schuman University (Strasbourg III)
These were, however, reunited in 2009, a process that should finish in 2012, and were able to be among the first twenty French universities to gain greater autonomy.[3]
Buildings
The university campus covers a vast part near the center of the city, located between the "Cité Administrative", "Esplanade" and "Gallia" bus-tram stations.
Modern architectural buildings include: Escarpe, the Doctoral College of Strasbourg, Atrium, Pangloss and others. The structures are depicted on the main inner wall of the Esplanade university restaurant, accompanied by the names of their architects and years of establishment.
The administrative organisms, attached to the university (Prefecture; CAF, LMDE, MGEL—health insurance; SNCF—national French railway company; CTS—Strasbourg urban transportation company), are located in the "Agora" building.
Notable academics and alumni
- Johannes Sturm (1507–1589)
- Johannes Nicolaus Furichius (1602-1633)
- Johann Conrad Dannhauer (1603–1666)
- Angelus Silesius (Johann Scheffler) (1624-1677)
- Philipp Jacob Spener (1635–1705)
- Antoine Deparcieux (1703–1768)
- Johann Hermann (1738–1800)
- Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813)
- Johann Peter Frank (1745–1821)
- Dominique Villars (1745–1841)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832)
- Louis Ramond de Carbonnières (1755–1827)
- Maximilian von Montgelas (1759–1838)
- Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (1773–1859)
- Jean Lobstein (1777–1835)
- Georg Büchner (1813–1837)
- Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (1816–1856)
- Emil Kopp (1817–1875)
- Charles-Adolphe Wurtz (1817–1884)
- Auguste Nefftzer (1820–1876)
- Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)
- Adolph Kussmaul (1822–1902)
- Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault (1823–1904)
- Georg Albert Lücke (1829–1894)
- Anton de Bary (1831–1888)
- Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (1833–1910)
- Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917), Nobel Prize 1905
- Adolf Michaelis (1835–1910)
- Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838–1921)
- Gustav von Schmoller (1838–1917)
- Bernhard Naunyn (1839–1925)
- Rudolph Sohm (1841-1917)
- Heinrich Martin Weber (1842–1913)
- Paul Heinrich von Groth (1843–1927)
- Lujo Brentano (1844–1931)
- Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), Nobel Prize 1907
- Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923), Nobel Prize 1901
- Harry Bresslau (1848–1926)
- Ernst Remak (1849–1911)
- Josef von Mering (1849–1908)
- Georg Dehio (1850–1932)
- Karl Ferdinand Braun (1850–1918), Nobel Prize 1909
- Hans Chiari (1851–1916)
- Hermann Emil Fischer (1851–1919), Nobel Prize 1902
- Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), Nobel Prize 1910
- Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), Nobel Prize 1908
- Ludwig Döderlein (1855–1936)
- Otto Lehmann (1855–1922)
- Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)
- Georg Simmel (1858–1918)
- Oskar Minkowski (1858–1931)
- Othmar Zeidler (1859–1911)
- Geerhardus Vos (1862–1949)
- Andreas von Tuhr(1864–1925)
- Georg Thilenius (1868–1937)
- Gustav Landauer (1870–1919)
- Franz Weidenreich (1873–1948)
- Otto Loewi (1873–1961), Nobel Prize 1936
- Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916)
- Erwin Baur (1875–1933)
- Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965), Nobel Prize 1952
- Ernest Esclangon (1876–1954)
- Paul Rohmer (1876–1977)
- Maurice René Fréchet (1878–1973)
- Max von Laue (1879–1960), Nobel Prize 1914
- René Leriche (1879–1955)
- Hans Kniep (1881–1930)
- Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965), Nobel Prize 1953
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951), Nobel Prize 1922
- Pierre Montet (1885–1966)
- Marc Bloch (1886–1944)
- Robert Schuman (1886–1963)
- Ernst Robert Curtius (1886–1956)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Levi (1888–1966)
- Carl Schmitt (1888–1985)
- Beno Gutenberg (1889–1960)
- André Danjon (1890–1967)
- Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991)
- Michel Mouskhely (1903–1964)
- Jean Cavaillès (1903–1944)
- Louis Néel (1904–2000), Nobel Prize 1970
- Henri Cartan (1904–2008)
- Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995)
- Michael Ellis DeBakey (1908–2008)
- Antoinette Feuerwerker (1912–2003)
- Salomon Gluck (1914–1944)
- Hicri Fişek (1918–2002)
- René Thom (1923–2002), Fields Medal 1958
- Gabriel Vahanian (*1927)
- Martin Karplus (*1930), Nobel Prize 2013
- Yves Michaud (*1930)
- Pierre Chambon (*1931)
- John Warwick Montgomery (*1931)
- Zemaryalai Tarzi (*1933)
- Alberto Fujimori (*1938)
- Liliane Ackermann (1938–2007)
- Jean-Marie Lehn (*1939), Nobel Prize 1987
- Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940–2007)
- Jean-Luc Nancy (*1940)
- Jules A. Hoffmann (*1941), Nobel Prize 2011
- Katia Krafft (1942–1991)
- Moncef Marzouki (*1945)
- Maurice Krafft (1946–1991)
- Jacques Marescaux (*1948)
- Arsène Wenger (*1949)
- Jürgen Wöhler (*1950)
- Jean-Claude Juncker (*1954)
- Thomas Ebbesen (*1954)
See also
- Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire
- Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg
- List of early modern universities in Europe
- Observatory of Strasbourg
- On the Poverty of Student Life
- Musée de minéralogie
- Musée zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg
- Reichsuniversität Straßburg
References
- ↑ See commemorative plaque Palais Universitaire de Strasbourg-10 août 1949
- ↑ (French) "Le budget 2010 s'élève à 432 millions d'euros". lactu.unistra.fr.
- ↑ "Décret n° 2008-787 portant création de l'université de Strasbourg" (in French). legifrance.gouv.fr. 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
External links
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Coordinates: 48°34′49″N 7°45′52″E / 48.58028°N 7.76444°E