University of Copenhagen
| University of Copenhagen | |
|---|---|
| Københavns Universitet | |
 | |
| Latin: Universitas Hafniensis | |
| Motto | Coelestem adspicit lucem (Latin) |
| Motto in English | It (the eagle) looks at the celestial light |
| Established | 1479 |
| Type | Public university |
| Budget | DKK 7,803,414,000 ($1.4 Billion) (2011)[1] |
| Rector | Ralf Hemmingsen |
| Admin. staff | 9.272 full-time equivalents (2012) [2] |
| Students | 38,867 (2012) [3] |
| Undergraduates | 22.351 (2012) [4] |
| Postgraduates | 16,516 (2012) [5] |
| Doctoral students | 2.503 (2012) [6] |
| Location |
Copenhagen, Denmark  |
| Campus |
City Campus, North Campus, South Campus and Frederiksberg Campus |
| Affiliations | IARU, EUA |
| Website | ku.dk |
 | |
The University of Copenhagen (UCPH) (Danish: Københavns Universitet) is the oldest and second largest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479 as a studium generale, it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477). The university has more than 37,000 students, and more than 7,000 employees. The university has several campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the oldest located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish; however, many courses are also offered in English and a few in German. The university has 2,800 foreign students of which about half are from Nordic countries.
The university is a member of the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU), along with University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Yale University, The Australian National University, and UC Berkeley, amongst others. The Academic Ranking of World Universities, compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, sees Copenhagen as the leading university in Scandinavia and the 40th ranked university in the world in 2010. It is also ranked 52nd in the 2011 QS World University Rankings.[7][8][9][10] Moreover, In 2013, according to the University Ranking by Academic Performance,[11] the University of Copenhagen is the best university in Denmark and 25th university in the world. The university has had 8[12] alumni become Nobel laureates and 1 Turing Award recipient.
Organisation and administration
The university is governed by a board consisting of 11 members: 6 members recruited outside the university form the majority of the board, 2 members are appointed by the scientific staff, 1 member is appointed by the administrative staff, and 2 members are appointed by the university students. The Rector, the prorector and the director of the university is appointed by the university board. The rector in turn appoints directors of the different parts of the central administration and deans of the different faculties. The deans appoint heads of 50 departments. There is no faculty senate and faculty is not involved in the appointment of rector, deans, or department heads. Hence the university has no faculty governance, although there are elected Academic Boards at faculty level who advise the deans.[13]
Faculties
The University of Copenhagen currently has six faculties.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- Faculty of Humanities
- Faculty of Law
- Faculty of Science
- Faculty of Social Sciences
- Faculty of Theology
Campus
The university campus is located over four sites in Copenhagen:[14]
- North Campus
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- City Campus
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- Faculty of Law
- Faculty of Social Sciences
- Faculty of Theology
- Central Administration
- South Campus
- Faculty of Humanities
- Frederiksberg Campus
- Faculty of Science
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
History
The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479 and is the oldest university in Denmark. Between the closing of the Studium Generale in Lund in 1536 and the establishment of the University of Aarhus in the late 1920s, it was the only university in Denmark. The university became a centre of Roman Catholic theological learning, but also had faculties for the study of law, medicine, and philosophy.
The university was closed by the Church in 1531 to stop the spread of Protestantism, and re-established in 1537 by King Christian III after the Lutheran Reformation and transformed into an evangelical-Lutheran seminary. Between 1675 and 1788, the university introduced the concept of degree examinations. An examination for theology was added in 1675, followed by law in 1736. By 1788, all faculties required an examination before they would issue a degree.
In 1801, under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson, the British fleet bombarded Copenhagen during the Battle of Copenhagen, destroying most of the university's buildings.[citation needed] By 1836, however, the new main building of the university was inaugurated amid extensive building that continued until the end of the century. The university library, the Zoological Museum, the Geological Museum, the Botanic Garden with greenhouses, and the Technical College were also established during this period.
Between 1842 and 1850, the faculties at the university were restructured. Starting in 1842, the University Faculty of Medicine and the Academy of Surgeons merged to form the Faculty of Medical Science, while in 1848 the Faculty of Law was reorganised and became the Faculty of Jurisprudence and Political Science. In 1850, the Faculty of Mathematics and Science was separated from the Faculty of Philosophy.
The first female student was enrolled at the university in 1877. The university underwent explosive growth between 1960 and 1980. The number of students rose from around 6,000 in 1960 to about 26,000 in 1980, with a correspondingly large growth in the number of employees. Buildings built during this time period include the new Zoological Museum, the Hans Christian Ørsted and August Krogh Institutes, the campus centre on Amager Island, and the Panum Institute.
The new university statute instituted in 1970 involved democratisation of the management of the university. It was modified in 1973 and subsequently applied to all higher education institutions in Denmark. The democratisation was later reversed with the 2003 university reforms. Further change in the structure of the university from 1990 to 1993 made a Bachelor's degree programme mandatory in virtually all subjects.
Also in 1993, the law departments broke off from the Faculty of Social Sciences to form a separate Faculty of Law. In 1994, the University of Copenhagen designated environmental studies, north-south relations, and biotechnology as areas of special priority according to its new long-term plan. Starting in 1996 and continuing to the present, the university planned new buildings, including for the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Humanities at Amager (Ørestaden), along with a Biotechnology Centre. By 1999, the student population had grown to exceed 35,000, resulting in the university appointing additional professors and other personnel.
In 2003, the revised Danish university law removed faculty, staff and students from the university decision process, creating a top-down control structure that has been described as absolute monarchy, since leaders are granted extensive powers while being appointed exclusively by higher levels in the organization.[15]
In 2005, the Center for Health and Society (Center for Sundhed og Samfund – CSS) opened in central Copenhagen, housing the Faculty of Social Sciences and Institute of Public Health, which until then had been located in various places throughout the city. In May 2006, the university announced further plans to leave many of its old buildings in the inner city of Copenhagen, an area that has been home to the university for more than 500 years. The purpose of this has been to gather the university's many departments and faculties on three larger campuses in order to create a bigger, more concentrated and modern student environment with better teaching facilities, as well as to save money on rent and maintenance of the old buildings. The concentration of facilities on larger campuses also allows for more inter-disciplinary cooperation; for example, the Departments of Political Science and Sociology are now located in the same facilities at CSS and can pool resources more easily.
In January 2007, the University of Copenhagen merged with the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University and the Danish University of Pharmaceutical Science. The two universities are now faculties under the University of Copenhagen, and are now known as the Faculty of Life Sciences and the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
In January 2012, the Faculty og Pharmaceutical Sciences and the veterinary third of the Faculty of Life Sciences merged with the Faculty of Health Sciences forming the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences – and the other two thirds of the Faculty of Life Sciences merged with the Faculty of Science.
Student housing
Although many privately owned dormitories (kollegier in Danish) exist in Copenhagen, there are also five which are partially administered by the university. Only students who have passed at least two years of studies are considered for admission. These are normally referred to as the old dormitories, and they consist of Regensen, Elers' Kollegium, Borchs Kollegium, Hassagers Kollegium, and Valkendorfs Kollegium.
Contrary to the tradition of most American dormitories, Danish dormitories in general, and the old dormitories in particular, only offer single rooms for rent, meaning no student has to share their room with others.
Seal
The oldest seal only exists on a letter from 1531 and it depicts Saint Peter with a key and a book. In a circle around him is the text
- Sigillum universitatis studii haffnensis.
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When the university was re-established by Christian III in 1537 after the Protestant Reformation, it received a new seal. The seal shows the king with crown, sceptre, and globus cruciger sitting above a coat of arms that contains the Danish coat of arms in the upper right part and the Norwegian coat in the left. The text is
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The 1537 seal is very similar to the current seal, which was made in 2000 and is shown at the top of this page. The text is different and there is only the national coat of arms of Denmark on the seal. The coat of arms has a crown and contains three lions and nine hearts. The text is
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In addition to the university seal, each of the university's six faculties have a seal of their own.
International reputation
| University rankings | |
|---|---|
| Global | |
| ARWU[16] | 42 |
| Times[17] | 130 |
| QS<ref name="Rankings_QS_W>{{cite web |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2013 |title=QS World University Rankings (2013/14) |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited |accessdate=October 3, 2013 |year=2013}}</ref> | 45 |
| Europe | |
| QS[18] | 13 |
The 2013 Academic Ranking of World Universities[19] published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranks the University of Copenhagen as the best university in Denmark and Scandinavia, the 9th best university in Europe, and is #42 in Top 500 World Universities rankings.[20] According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2013, the University of Copenhagen is ranked at 130th overall[21] in the world and 50th[22] in Europe. In 2013 THE–QS World University Rankings list, the University of Copenhagen was ranked 45th.
The university cooperates with universities around the world. In January 2006, the University of Copenhagen entered into a partnership of ten universities, along with the Australian National University, ETH Zürich, National University of Singapore, Peking University, University of California Berkeley, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, University of Tokyo and Yale University. The partnership is referred to as the International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU).
Cooperative agreements with other universities and colleges
- Department of Scandinavian Studies and Linguistics at University of Copenhagen signed a cooperation agreement with Royal School of Library and Information Science in 2009.[23][24]
List of rectors
- Ralf Hemmingsen (2005 – current rector). He is the 258th rector.[25]
List of directors of the Royal Academy Schools
| From | To | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 1823 | 1824 | Matthias Hastrup Bornemann |
| 1824 | 1825 | Oluf Lundt Bang |
| 1825 | 1826 | Hans Christian Ørsted |
| 1826 | 1827 | Knud Lyne Rahbek |
| 1827 | 1828 | Peter Erasmus Müller |
| 1828 | 1829 | Johan Frederik Vilhelm Schlegel |
| 1829 | 1830 | Johan Sylvester Saxtorph |
| 1830 | 1831 | Jens Wilken Hornemann |
| 1831 | 1832 | Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger |
| 1832 | 1833 | Jens Møller |
| 1833 | 1834 | Janus Lauritz Andreas Kolderup Rosenvinge |
| 1834 | 1835 | Johan Daniel Herholdt |
| 1835 | 1836 | Christian Thorning Engelstoft |
| 1836 | 1837 | Erich Christian Werlauff |
| 1837 | 1838 | Henrik Nicolai Clausen |
| 1838 | 1839 | Johannes Ephraim Larsen |
| 1839 | 1840 | Oluf Lundt Bang |
| 1840 | 1841 | Hans Christian Ørsted |
| 1841 | 1842 | Peter Oluf Brøndsted |
| 1842 | 1843 | Carl Emil Scharling |
Notable alumni (chronological order)
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- Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Danish astronomer, first scientific documentation of supernovas, mentor of Johannes Kepler.
- Thomas Fincke (1561–1656), Danish mathematician and physicist.
- Caspar Bartholin (1585–1629), professor in medicine and theology. Author of textbooks on anatomy and the discoverer of the workings of the olfactory nerve.
- Olaus Wormius (1588–1655), Danish physician and antiquarian.
- Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), discoverer of the lymphatic system.
- Rasmus Bartholin (1625–1698), professor in geometry and medicine. Discovered birefringence, but was unable to give a scientific explanation.
- Thomas Hansen Kingo (1634–1703), Danish bishop and poet.
- Ole Rømer (1644–1710), Danish astronomer.
- Peder Horrebow (1679–1764), Danish astronomer and member of Académie des Sciences.
- Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), Danish-Norwegian writer and playwright.
- Morten Thrane Brunnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist.
- Caspar Wessel (1745–1818), mathematician
- Martin Vahl (1749–1804), Danish-Norwegian botanist and zoologist.
- Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851), discovered electromagnetism.
- Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1778–1860), Danish lawyer and Prime Minister of Denmark (1853–1854).
- Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (1779–1850), poet, author of lyrics of the Danish national anthem Der er et yndigt land.
- N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872), Danish writer, poet, philosopher and priest.
- Christopher Hansteen (1784–1873), Norwegian astronomer and physicist.
- Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791–1860), Danish poet and critic.
- Magnús Eiríksson (1806–1881), Icelandic theologian.
- Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), Danish theologian and philosopher, the father of existentialism.
- Anders Oersted (1816–1872), professor of botany 1851–1862.
- Hinrich Johannes Rink (1819–1893), Danish geologist, and founder of the first Greenlandic language newspaper
- Eugenius Warming (1841–1924), Danish botanist and founding figure of ecology.
- Georg Brandes (1842–1927), Danish writer and critic.
- Vilhelm Thomsen (1842–1927), Danish linguist.
- Harald Høffding (1843–1931), Danish philosopher theologian psychologist.
- Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), Danish bacteriologist, inventor of Gram staining
- Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), Danish botanist, first coined the word gene in its modern usage.
- Niels Ryberg Finsen (1860–1904), Nobel laureate in Medicine (1903).
- Otto Jespersen (1860–1943), Danish linguist, co-founder of the International Phonetic Association.
- Kirstine Meyer (1861–1941), Danish physicist.
- Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (1867–1928), Nobel laureate in Medicine (1926).
- Kirstine Smith (1878-1939), Danish statistician credited with creation of optimal design of experiments.
- Niels Bohr (1885–1962), contributed to development of the Atomic model and Quantum Mechanics. Director at the university's Institute of Theoretical Physics. Nobel laureate in Physics (1922).
- Hannes Hafstein (1886) Icelandic politician and poet.
- Øjvind Winge (1886–1964), Danish biologist.
- Julie Vinter Hansen (1890–1960), Danish astronomer.
- Henrik Dam (1895–1976), Nobel laureate in Medicine (1943).
- Sir Ove Arup (1896–1988), Anglo-Danish structural engineer.
- Piet Hein (1905–1996), Danish mathematician, inventor and poet.
- Bengt Strömgren (1908–1987), Danish astronomer and astrophysicist.
- Niels Kaj Jerne (1911–1994), Nobel laureate in Medicine (1984).
- Jens Otto Krag (1914–1978), Prime Minister of Denmark (1962–1968, 1971–1972).
- Jens Christian Skou (born 1918) Nobel laureate in Chemistry for his discovery of Na+,K+-ATPase.
- August Krogh, Nobel laureate in Medicine (1920).
- Hans H. Ørberg (1920-2010), Linguist & scholar
- Aage Bohr (1922–2009), professor in nuclear physics and director of the Niels Bohr Institute at the university. Nobel laureate in Physics (1975).
- Peter Naur (born 1928), computer scientist, Turing Award in 2005.
- Jørgen Rischel (1934–2007), Danish linguist who analyzed Greenlandic and Mon-Khmer languages.
- Knud Ejler Løgstrup – Danish philosopher and theologian. Pastor at Sandager-Holevad from 1936–1943. Professor at University of Aarhus from 1943–1975
- Aage B. Sørensen (1941–2001), Danish sociologist.
- Holger Bech Nielsen (born 1941), a physicist. One of three creators of string theory.
- Jørgen Haugan (born 1941), Doctorate in Philosophy (1977) – Norwegian author and lecturer.
- Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (born 1943), Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001).
- Halldór Ásgrímsson (born 1947), Prime Minister of Iceland (2004–2006).
- Peter Høeg (born 1957), Danish fiction writer, won international acclaim with Smilla's Sense of Snow.
- Lars Løkke Rasmussen (born 1964), Prime Minister of Denmark (2009–2011)
- Bjørn Lomborg (born 1965), author of The Skeptical Environmentalist.
- Helle Thorning-Schmidt (born 1966), Prime Minister of Denmark (2011–present)
- Ben Roy Mottelson (born 1926), Nobel laureate in Physics (1975).
- Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993).
- Steve Scully, host, senior producer, and political editor of the C-SPAN network's Washington Journal studied at the University of Copenhagen as part of his master's program at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.[26]
See also
References
- ↑ http://introduction.ku.dk/facts_and_figures/
- ↑ http://tal.ku.dk/c_personale/
- ↑ http://tal.ku.dk/studerende/F_studerende/
- ↑ http://tal.ku.dk/studerende/F_studerende/
- ↑ http://tal.ku.dk/studerende/F_studerende/
- ↑ http://tal.ku.dk/forskning/
- ↑ http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011?page=1&search_theme_form=campinas&op=Search&form_build_id=form-8573010647160d79d0ba13e30d05f98a&form_id=search_theme_form
- ↑ http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/ranking.htm
- ↑ http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_Top100.htm
- ↑ http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=243&pubCode=1&navcode=137
- ↑ "URAP – University Ranking by Academic Performance".
- ↑ http://introduction.ku.dk/facts_and_figures/nobel/
- ↑ "Vedtægt for Københavns Universitet". Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ↑ http://introduction.ku.dk/campus/
- ↑ "Absolut monarki på universiteterne". 23 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
- ↑ "Academic Ranking of World Universities: Global". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
- ↑ "Top 400 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013–2014". The Times Higher Education. 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ "QS World University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
- ↑ http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/ranking.htm
- ↑ http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2007/ARWU2007_Top100.htm
- ↑ http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012-13/world-ranking
- ↑ http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012-13/world-ranking/region/europe
- ↑ http://www.iva.dk/english/aboutus/networksandcooperations/
- ↑ http://www.iva.dk/omiva/samarbejdemedkoebenhavnsuniversitet/
- ↑ http://introduction.ku.dk/organisation/management/rector/
- ↑ "Congress and the Presidency in the TV and Digital Age". c-span.org. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of Copenhagen. |
- University of Copenhagen Website (Danish) (English)
- University of Copenhagen Alumni – International (English)
- Faculty of Health Sciences website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Humanities website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Law website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Life Sciences website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Science website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Social Sciences website (Danish) (English)
- Faculty of Theology website (Danish) (English)
- Student body size as of October 1 2007 (Danish)
Coordinates: 55°40′47″N 12°34′21″E / 55.67972°N 12.57250°E
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