City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

City of Tshwane
Metropolitan municipality
Seal
Location in Gauteng
Coordinates: 25°40′S 28°20′E / 25.667°S 28.333°E / -25.667; 28.333Coordinates: 25°40′S 28°20′E / 25.667°S 28.333°E / -25.667; 28.333
Country	South Africa
Province	Gauteng
Seat	Pretoria
Wards	105
Government[1]
• Type	Municipal council
• Mayor	Kgosientsho 'Sputla' Ramokgopa
• Acting City Manager	Oupa Nkoane[2]
Area
• Total	6,298 km2 (2,432 sq mi)
Population (2011)[3]
• Total	2,921,488
• Density	460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[3]
• Black African	75.4%
• Coloured	2.0%
• Indian/Asian	1.8%
• White	20.1%
First languages (2011)[3]
• Northern Sotho	19.9%
• Afrikaans	18.8%
• Tswana	15.0%
• Tsonga	8.6%
• Other	37.7%
Time zone	SAST (UTC+2)
Municipal code	TSH

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⁱ/ˈtswɑːneɪ/ (also known as the City of Tshwane) is the controversial name for the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng Province, South Africa and includes the capital city of South Africa Pretoria.

History

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was established on 5 December 2000^[4] When founded, it was made up of 13 former city and town councils and managed by an executive mayoral system.

Incorporation of additional neighboring areas

The Metsweding District Municipality was incorporated into the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality,^[5] with effect from 18 May 2011 (the date of the 2011 municipal elections). The municipality also controversially sought to incorporate Midrand, which is part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality to offset the costs of absorbing Metsweding, amid a financial crisis in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.^[6]

Geography

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality's land area increased from 2,198 square kilometres (849 sq mi)^[7] in 2010 to 6,368 square kilometres (2,459 sq mi) after the incorporation of Metsweding.^[8]

The Tswaing crater is in the northwest of Soshanguve.

Subdivisions

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality consists of the following areas:^[9]

Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:^[10]

Place	Code	Area (km2)	Population	Most spoken language
Akasia	77601	78.07	28,055	Afrikaans
Amandebele A Lebelo	67601	31.81	62,419	Tswana
Atteridgeville	77602	5.16	43,707	Northern Sotho, Southern Ndebele
Baviaanspoort	70701	2.47	4,003	Afrikaans
Bronkhorstspruit	78201	70.76	7,909	Afrikaans, Ndebele
Centurion	77603	239.18	141,540	Afrikaans
City of Tshwane Metro	67602	16.13	1,190	Tswana, Ndebele
Cullinan	70702	27.38	7,684	Afrikaans, Ndebele
Ekandustria	78202	7.16	24	Northern Sotho, Ndebele
Ekangala	88201	9.70	33,443	Zulu, Ndebele
Ga-Rankuwa Part 1	77605	7.81	5,917	Tswana
Ga-Rankuwa Part 2	67609	5.84	5,495	Tswana
Ga-Rankuwa Part 3	67610	1.36	1,226	Tswana
Ga-Rankuwa Part 4	67603	33.30	71,279	Tswana
Hammanskraal Part 1	77606	6.82	9,383	Tswana, Ndebele
Hammanskraal Part 2	67604	1.09	285	Tswana, Ndebele
Kekana Gardens	70703	1.10	4,894	Northern Sotho
Knopjeslaagte	77607	0.08	825	Northern Sotho
Kungwini	88202	4.40	18	Ndebele/Tsonga
Mabopane Part 1	77608	3.82	17,485	Tswana
Mabopane Part 2	67605	141.84	192,914	Tswana
Mamelodi	77609	43.84	256,117	Northern Sotho, Ndebele
Nellmapius	77610	3.14	23,973	Northern Sotho
Olievenhoutbos	77611	0.93	13,093	Northern Sotho
Onverwacht	70705	1.60	885	Afrikaans
Pretoria	77612	513.84	525,387	Afrikaans, Ndebele
Pretoria	78204	16.01	2,684	Afrikaans, Ndebele
Rayton	70706	1.93	2,964	Afrikaans
Refilwe	70707	2.22	13,393	Northern Sotho
Rethabiseng	78205	1.38	6,344	Zulu, Ndebele, Northern sotho
Roodeplaat Dam Nature Reserve	70708	16.40	78	Afrikaans
Saulsville	77613	8.02	95,676	Northern Sotho
Sehlakwana	78206	1.76	1,686	Southern Ndebele
Soshanguve Part 1	77614	117.27	311,223	Northern Sotho
Soshanguve Part 2	67606	0.13	708	Northern Sotho
Temba Part 1	77615	8.47	7,551	Tswana
Temba Part 2	67607	35.02	57,840	Tswana
Temba Part 3	67611	27.15	210	Northern Sotho
Tirisano	67608	20.99	65,391	Tsonga
Vergenoeg	70709	3.95	165	Northern Sotho
Zithobeni	78207	4.09	15,900	Southern Ndebele
Remainder of the municipality	78203 + 70704 + 77604	4,743.60	104,937

Demographics

There are around 2 200 000 (2004 est)^[11] people living within the borders of Tshwane: 72.65% black, 23.84% white, 1.99% coloured and 1.52% Indian or Asian.^[7]

Ethnic group 2011 census

Ethnic group	Population	%
Coloured	58 788	2.01%
Black African	2 202 847	75.40%
White	586 495	20.08%
Indian/Asian	53 744	1.84%
Other	19 614	0.67%
Total	2 921 488	100.00%

Ethnic group 2011 census (age 0-4)

Ethnic group	Population	%
Coloured	5 802	2.12%
Black African	225 111	82.20%
White	36 860	13.46%
Indian/Asian	4 280	1.56%
Other	1 814	0.66%
Total	273 867	100.00%

Transport

Railway

The main rail station is in Pretoria.

The Gautrain runs through parts of the municipality, with stations in Centurion and Pretoria, ending at a station in the suburb of Hatfield.

Airports

OR Tambo International Airport in neighbouring Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality serves Tshwane. Wonderboom Airport in the north of Tshwane serves light aircraft.

There are also two military air bases: AFB Swartkop and AFB Waterkloof.

Military

Air Force

The South African Air Force bases AFB Waterkloof and AFB Swartkop are in Tshwane.

Thaba Tshwane Military Base

Although the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality was only created in 2000, before that a military base in the city (formerly called Voortrekkerhoogte after the Voortrekkers and before that Roberts Heights after Lord Roberts), was renamed Thaba Tshwane (or Thaba Tswane).

Memorials

The SANDF memorial is at Fort Klapperkop and the South African Air Force memorial is at AFB Swartkop.

Society and culture

Media

Museums

There are a large number of museums, many of them in Pretoria.

• Pretoria Forts
• Kruger House (residence of the president of the ZAR, Paul Kruger)
• Melrose House (the Treaty of Vereeniging which ended the Anglo-Boer War was signed here in 1902)
• Voortrekker Monument
• Freedom Park
• Transvaal Museum
• African Window
• South African Air Force Museum

Education

Tertiary education

The Tshwane municipality is home to both the largest residential university in the country,^[12] the Tshwane University of Technology, and the largest distance education university (the University of South Africa, more commonly known by its acronym, UNISA). The University of Pretoria, one of South Africa's leading research and teaching universities, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus) (formerly known as Medical University of Southern Africa) a medical school in the north of Tshwane and the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) are in the municipality.

Sport

Stadiums

• Atteridgeville Super Stadium, Atteridgeville
• HM Pitje Stadium, Mamelodi
• Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria
• SuperSport Park, Centurion
• Odi Stadium, Mabopane
• Giant Stadium, Soshanguve

The name Tshwane and associated controversies

Tshwane [tsʰwane] is the Setswana name of the Apies River, which flows through the city. The origin of the name of the river is unclear. It may mean "place -e of the black cow, tshwana, from ceremonies where a black cow was sprinkled with water from the river to end a drought.^[13] Another claim is that it was named after Tshwane, son of Chief Mushi, an Ndebele leader who settled near the Apies River about a century before the arrival of the Voortrekkers in the early 19th century.^[13] However, some Ndebele kings claim to have never heard of a chief named "Tshwane".^[14]

Two other common explanations are demonstrably untrue. One is that it is the Tswana for the motto of Tshwane Municipality, "We are the same". However, this appears to be promoted for its emotional value; if anything, it would mean "we are not the same" in Tswana (ga re tshwane).^[13] Another common misunderstanding is that it is the Tswana word for "little monkeys"; although it resembles the Tswana word for baboon, tshwene, "little monkeys" is actually the translation of the Afrikaans name "Apies".

The name Tshwane is sometimes used as an alternate name for the city of Pretoria itself. Following the city council's vote of March 8, 2005, it could become the city's new name if approved by the central government. Should the change take place, "Pretoria" would continue to refer to the city's central business district, as proposed by the current municipality. By November 2007 the change of the name from Pretoria to Tshwane had not been finalized, and controversy over the name change continues. The change is seen by many as a way to recognize that peoples of non-colonial origins represent a majority in the city. The controversy, however, says that the city was originally established under the name Pretoria, little evidence has been provided for the origin of the name “Tshwane”, and no form of jurisdiction for the area existed before Pretoria’s creation.

The Sunday Times used the word Tshwane to refer to the Pretoria area for a short period in 2005. The state-controlled SABC also started using the term in its evening news broadcasts, for a period, but by 2010, had reverted to "Pretoria". Private media outlets continued to refer to the metropolitan area as Pretoria. The Pretoria News, the main newspaper in the metropolitan area did not appear to have plans to change its name as of early 2006, although it has adopted the slogan "The paper for the people of Tshwane". The newspaper refers to the capital city as Tshwane and sometimes Pretoria. This, with the public backing of the name change by the editor of the Pretoria News, Philani Mgwaba,^[15] has led to the independence of the editorial team being called into question. Currently, the only news media that refers to the capital city as Tshwane is the Pretoria News, SocietyNews.co.za.

The proposed name has evoked a strong negative reaction from some South Africans. Many businesspeople do not want to change their stationery and many feel that the cost of the name change would be better spent dealing with the country's high poverty rates and AIDS crisis. There is also an argument that whereas the name "Pretoria" is recognized worldwide, "Tshwane" is not.

Road signs erected at the boundaries of the Tshwane Metropolitan area have been consistently defaced, with the word Tshwane replaced with the word Pretoria, presumably by South Africans opposed to the name change. The letters PTA, which are an abbreviation of "Pretoria", have also been stencilled on a number of speed limit signs.

On 21 May 2005, the Pretoria Civil Action Committee, a group consisting of business, labour, cultural, civil and political leaders opposed to the name change organised a protest in the Pretoria city centre.^[16] They marched to the office of Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan and handed him a petition signed by 3000 University of Pretoria students as well as other petition documents. Former president FW De Klerk, a Nobel prize winner and the last president under apartheid, also raised concerns about the change.^[17]

In November 2005, the Advertising Standards Authority found that advertising proclaiming that Tshwane, rather than Pretoria, was the capital of South Africa was misleading.^[18] The reason being that no city named Tshwane has yet been registered as a geographic place name, and Pretoria has not yet been renamed.

The Pretoria name change process

On 5 December 2000 a number of old Pretoria municipalities as well as others that fell outside the Greater Pretoria area were combined into one area called the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The city of Pretoria remained largely intact in this municipality. The debate around the possible name change raged ever since.

On the 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council unanimously approved a recommendation by the Tshwane Metro Council that the name Pretoria be changed to Tshwane.^[19]

The legal process involved is as follows:

1. Recommendation to the Geographical Names Council.
2. Council approves / rejects recommendation (approved 26 May 2005).
3. Council gives its recommendation to Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan.
4. Minister approves / rejects recommendation.
5. Approved / rejected name is published in the Government Gazette.
6. Any person or body unhappy with the name change can complain within one month of above.
7. The minister can consult the Geographical Names Council with concerns raised.
8. The minister's decision, along with the reasons for it, are published
9. The minister will then take the matter before parliament where the central government will decide on whether to change the name or not based on the information before it.

Some controversial groups have attached themselves to the Pretoria name change issue, including the trade union Solidarity.^[20] Solidarity and the Pretoria Civil Action Committee have threatened legal action should the name change be recommended by the minister.

As of November 2007 the name change has not yet been approved or rejected by the minister (step 4 above).

Early August 2007, it was reported in the press that the municipality, after consulting with the Gauteng provincial government had withdrawn the application to change the name, and was instead contemplating a plan to change all road signs pointing to "Pretoria" to "Tshwane" or the "City of Tshwane" across the country. This plan raised threats of legal action from both political groupings opposed to the renaming, and concerns from municipal officials about the possibility of vandalism to the proposed signs.^[21][22] Later reports appeared to contradict these claims, to some extent.^[23]

In 2010, the Ministry of Arts and Culture prepared to publish the registration of Tshwane as a place name, in the Government Gazette. However, the registration was withdrawn at the last minute, and this was explained by the minister. Although it was too late to remove the name from printing in the Government Gazette, the retraction of the name registration was published the following week in the gazette.^[24]

In November 2011, Kgosientso Ramokgopa, who had been elected mayor earlier that year, vowed to push forward with the renaming in 2012.^[25]

Corruption

As in other parts of the country, the Tshwane metropolitan municipality experiences high levels of corruption. Significant resources of the Special Investigation Unit (SIU) are dedicated to this region since 2010.^[26][27][28] The screening of applicants for management positions has also been criticized.^[29]

See also

• Media in Tshwane
• Rainbow Junction

References

External links

• Official City of Tshwane Website
• Hospitality Portal to Centurion, Gauteng
• Visit Pretoria Guide to Pretoria

v t e Municipalities of Gauteng Metropolitan Ekurhuleni Johannesburg Tshwane District and local Sedibeng Emfuleni Lesedi Midvaal West Rand Merafong City Mogale City Randfontein Westonaria List of municipalities in Gauteng