Tropic hormone
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Tropic hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary.[1] The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.[2]
Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) – stimulates the thyroid gland to make and release thyroid hormone.[3]
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) – stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.[4]
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) – stimulates the release of steroid hormones in gonads—the ovary and testes.[5]
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – stimulates the maturation of eggs and production of sperm.[6]
- Growth hormone (GH) – has both tropic and non-tropic effects. Growth hormone's major tropic effect is it releases insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from the liver, which causes bone growth.[7]
The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary by secreting a class of hypothalamic neurohormones called releasing and release-inhibiting hormones—which are released to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system and act on the anterior pituitary.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Purves, William K.; David Sadava, Gordon H. Orians, H. Craig Heller (2001). Life: The Science of Biology (6th ed.). Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. p. 719. ISBN 0-7167-3873-2.
- ↑ Cambell, Neil A.; Jane B. Reece. Biology (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-321-27045-2.
- ↑ Purves et. al. p. 718.
- ↑ Purves et. al. p. 718.
- ↑ Purves et. al. p. 718.
- ↑ Purves et. al. p. 718.
- ↑ Cambell, Neil A.; Jane B. Reece. Biology (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-321-27045-2.
- ↑ Purves et. al. p. 720–721.
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