Tropane alkaloid
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The chemical structure of tropane
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Some tropane alkaloids have pharmacological properties and can acts as anticholinergics or stimulants.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants:
- Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
- Hyoscyamine, the levo-isomer of atropine, from henbane (Hyoscamus niger) and mandrake (Mandragora officinalis)
- Scopolamine, from henbane and Datura species (Jimson weed)
All three acetylcholine-inhibiting chemicals can also be found in the leaves, stems, and flowers in varying, unknown amounts in Brugmansia (Angel Trumpets or Devil's Weed), a relative of Datura.
Stimulants
Stimulants and cocaine-related alkaloids:
- Cocaine, from Erythroxylum coca
- Ecgonine, a precursor and metabolite of cocaine
- Benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine
- Hydroxytropacocaine, from Erythroxylum coca
- Methylecgonine cinnamate, from Erythroxylum coca
Others
- Catuabines, found in catuaba, an infusion made from Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
- Scopine
Non-natural tropanes
There exist some synthetic analogs of tropane alkaloids, see
They are not considered to be alkaloids per definition.
See also
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