Triphenyl phosphite

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Triphenyl phosphite
Identifiers
CAS number 101-02-0 YesY
PubChem 7540
ChemSpider 7259 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C18H15O3P
Molar mass 310.28 g/mol
Appearance colourless liquid
Density 1.184 g/mL
Melting point 22–24 °C
Boiling point 360 °C
Solubility in water organic solvents
Hazards
Main hazards flammable
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Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Triphenyl phosphite is the chemical compound with the formula P(OC6H5)3. This colourless viscous liquid is the ester of phosphorous acid and phenol. It is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry. Nickel complexes of this ligand are homogeneous catalysts for the hydrocyanation of alkenes.

Triphenylphosphite is prepared from phosphorus trichloride and phenol in the presence of a base:

PCl3 + 3 HOC6H5 → P(OC6H5)3 + 3 HCl

Trimethylphosphine is prepared from triphenylphosphite:[1]

3 CH3MgBr + P(OC6H5)3 → P(CH3)3 + 3 MgBrOC6H5

Triphenylphosphite is a notable example of polyamorphism in organic compounds, namely it exists in two different amorphous forms at temperatures about 200 K.[2] Not long ago a new long-awaited polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite was obtained by means of crystallization in ionic liquids [3]

Representative coordination complexes

Triphenylphosphite forms zero-valent complexes of the type M[P(OC6H5)3]4 for M = Ni, Pd, Pt. The colourless nickel complex (melting point 147 °C) can be prepared from the nickel(0) complex of 1,5-cyclooctadiene:[4]

Ni(COD)2 + 4 P(OC6H5)3 → Ni[P(OC6H5)3]4 + 2 COD

It also forms a variety of Fe(0) and Fe(II) complexes such as the dihydride H2Fe[P(OC6H5)3]4.[5]

References

  1. Leutkens, Jr., M. L.; Sattelberger, A. P.; Murray, H. H.; Basil, J. D.; Fackler, Jr., J. P. "Trimethylphosphine" Inorganic Syntheses, 1990, volume 28, pages 305-310. ISBN 0-471-52619-3
  2. Ha, Alice; Cohen, Itai; Zhao, Xiaolin; Lee, Michelle; Kivelson, Daniel (1996). "Supercooled Liquids and Polyamorphism†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 100: 1. doi:10.1021/jp9530820. 
  3. D.G. Golovanov, K.A. Lyssenko, M.Yu. Antipin, Ya.S. Vygodskii, E.I. Lozinskaya, A.S. Shaplov. ”Long-awaited polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite“, Cryst. Eng. Comm., 2005, v. 7, no. 77, P.465 – 468. doi: 10.1039/b505052a
  4. Ittel, S. D. "Olefin, Acetylene, Phosphine, Isocyanide, and Diazene Complexes of Nickel(0)" Inorganic Syntheses, 1977, volume XVII, p. 117–124. ISBN 0-07-044327-0,
  5. Gerlach, D. H.; Peet, W. G.; Muetterties, E. L. (1972). "Stereochemically nonrigid six-coordinate molecules. II. Preparations and reactions of tetrakis(organophosphorus)metal dihydride complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society 94 (13): 4545. doi:10.1021/ja00768a022. 
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