Triethylamine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Triethylamine
IUPAC name

Triethylamine

Other names

  • N,N-Diethylethanamine
  • N,N,N-Triethylamine
  • (Diethylamino)ethane

Identifiers
Abbreviations TEA[1]
CAS number 121-44-8 YesY
PubChem 8471
ChemSpider 8158 YesY
UNII VOU728O6AY YesY
EC number 204-469-4
UN number 1296
KEGG C14691 YesY
MeSH triethylamine
ChEBI CHEBI:35026 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL284057 YesY
RTECS number YE0175000
Beilstein Reference 605283
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties[2]
Molecular formula C6H15N
Molar mass 101.19 g mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Fishy, ammoniacal
Density 0.7255 g mL−1
Melting point −114.70 °C; −174.46 °F; 158.45 K
Boiling point 88.6 to 89.8 °C; 191.4 to 193.5 °F; 361.7 to 362.9 K
log P 1.647
Vapor pressure 6.899–8.506 kPa
kH 66 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD) 1.401
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298		 −169 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298		 −4.37763–−4.37655 MJ mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 216.43 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H225, H302, H312, H314, H332
GHS precautionary statements P210, P280, P305+351+338, P310
EU Index 612-004-00-5
EU classification F C
R-phrases R11, R20/21/22, R35
S-phrases (S1/2), S3, S16, S26, S29, S36/37/39
NFPA 704
3
3
0
Flash point −15 °C; 5 °F; 258 K
Autoignition temperature 312 °C; 594 °F; 585 K
Explosive limits 1.2–8%
LD50
  • 580 mg kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 730 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related amines
Related compounds
 YesY (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N. It is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation. It is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia and is also the smell of the hawthorn plant.[3] Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig’s base), triethylamine is commonly encountered in organic synthesis.

Synthesis and properties

Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:[4]

NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O

The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.65, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions for that pH. The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.

Applications

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base, most often in the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.[5] Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride. This reaction removes the hydrogen chloride from the reaction mixture, which is required for these reactions to proceed to completion (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl-

Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins. It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I-

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes. It is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

Niche uses

Triethylamine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster. Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes. This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

Also, the bicarbonate salt of triethylamine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.

References

  1. ↑ X. Bories-Azeau, S. P. Armes, and H. J. W. van den Haak, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 2348 PDF
  2. ↑ The Merck Index (11th ed.). 9582. 
  3. ↑ The Hawthorn, BBC
  4. ↑ Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke "Amines, Aliphatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_001
  5. ↑ Sorgi, K. L. (2001). "Triethylamine". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rt217. 

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.