Tribal-class destroyer (1905)

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Class overview
HMS Crusader
Name:	Tribal (or F)
Operators:	Royal Navy
Preceded by:	River-class
Succeeded by:	Beagle (or G) class
Built:	1905–1908
In commission:	1907–1920
Completed:	12
General characteristics
Type:	Destroyer
Displacement:	860 - 940 tons
Length:	275 ft (84 m)
Beam:	28 ft (8.5 m)
Draught:	8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Propulsion:	2 or 3 shaft steam turbines, 12,500 shp (9,300 kW) 90 tons oil
Speed:	33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Armament:	5 × QF 12 pdr 12 cwt Mark I, mounting P Mark I or 2 × BL 4 in L/40 Mark VIII, mounting P Mark V 2 × single tubes for 18-inch (450-mm) torpedoes

The Tribal or F class was a class of destroyer built for the Royal Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1905 and 1908 and all saw service during World War I, where they saw action in the North Sea and English Channel as part of the 6th Flotilla and Dover Patrols.

Design

The preceding River or E class destroyers of 1903 had made 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph) on the 7,000 ihp (5,200 kW) provided by triple expansion steam engines and coal-fired boilers, although HMS Eden was powered by steam turbines.^[1] In November 1904, the First Sea Lord "Jackie" Fisher proposed that the next class of destroyers should make at least 33 knots (61 km/h) and should use oil-fired boilers and steam turbines as a means of achieving this.^[2] This resulted in a larger ship to provide the required doubling of installed power over their predecessors, but also pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary technology. As a result, the Tribals were severely compromised and a somewhat retrograde step after the excellent River class; they were lightly built and proved to be fragile in service.^{[citation needed]} More alarmingly however, they were only provided with 90 tons of bunkerage, and with high fuel consumption resulting from the unheard of power of 12,500 shp (9,300 kW), they were very uneconomical and had a severely limited radius of action; Afridi and Amazon once used 9.5 tons of oil each simply to raise steam for a three-mile (5 km) return journey to a fuel depot.

Design details were left to the individual builders, as was Royal Navy practice at the time for destroyers. As a result there was some heterogeneity of appearance, with the number of funnels varying from three to six in Viking; the latter, with two single and two pairs of funnels becoming the only six-funneled destroyer ever built. With a light mainmast aft, they were the first British destroyers to have two masts.

The first five ships were designed with the armament of three QF 12 pounder guns, an improvement from the single 12 pounder and five six-pounder guns that the River-class was completed with, while the number of torpedoes remained at two 18-inch (450-mm) tubes.^[3]^[4] From the sixth ship, Saracen, onwards, however, the armament was again increased, to a pair of BL 4-inch (102 mm) guns, with one gun mounted forward and another on the quarterdeck.^[5] From October 1908, the first five ships were modified by adding an additional pair of 12 pounder guns.^[6]

Ships

Five vessels were ordered and built under the 1905-06 Programme.

Afridi, built by Vickers Armstrong, Newcastle upon Tyne, launched 8 May 1907, sold for breaking up 1919
Cossack, built by Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, launched 16 February 1907, sold for breaking up 1919
Ghurka, built by Hawthorn, Newcastle upon Tyne, launched 29 April 1907, mined and sunk off Dungeness Buoy 8 February 1917
Mohawk, built by J S White, Cowes, launched 15 March 1907
Tartar, built by J I Thornycroft, Woolston, launched 25 June 1907, sold for breaking up 1921

Five more vessels were proposed, but only two were ordered and built under the 1906-07 Programme.

Amazon, built by J I Thornycroft, Woolston, launched 29 July 1908, sold for breaking up 1919
Saracen, built by J S White, Cowes, launched 31 March 1908, sold for breaking up 1919

A final five vessels were ordered and built under the 1907-08 Programme.

Crusader, built by J S White, Cowes, launched 20 March 1909, sold for breaking up 1920
Maori, built by William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton, completed May 24, 1909, mined and sunk off Wirlingen Light Ship, Zeebrugge, 7 May 1915
Nubian, built by J I Thornycroft, Woolston, launched 21 April 1909, torpedoed and damaged by German destroyers in action off Folkestone, 27 October 1916
Viking, built by Palmers, Jarrow, launched 14 September 1909, sold for breaking up 1919
Zulu, built by Hawthorn, Newcastle upon Tyne, launched 16 September 1909, mined and damaged 27 October 1916

Following the damage to Nubian and Zulu in October 1916, it was proposed on 8 November 1916 that the two undamaged 'ends' might be joined together, which was completed at Chatham Royal Dockyard 7 June 1917 by joining the undamaged fore section of Zulu and the rear section of Nubian respectively. The resulting destroyer was commissioned on 7 June 1917 as Zubian, which was sold for scrapping 1919.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tribal class destroyer (1905).

↑ Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 99.
↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 106–107.
↑ Gardiner and Gray, 1985, pp. 71–72.
↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 89–90, 107–108.
↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 108–109.
↑ Friedman 2009, p. 108.

Chesneau, Roger and Kolesnik, Eugene M. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
Cocker, Maurice. Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981. Ian Allan, 1983. ISBN 0-7110-1075-7
Friedman, Norman. British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert and Gray, Randal. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Preston, Anthony. Destroyers. Bison Books, 1977. ISBN 0-86124-057-X

v t e Tribal-class (F-class) destroyers

Afridi Amazon Cossack Crusader Ghurka Maori Mohawk Nubian Saracen Tartar Viking Zubian Zulu

Preceded by: River class Followed by: Beagle class List of destroyers of the Royal Navy

v t e British naval ship classes of the First World War

Aircraft/Seaplane carriers	Anne^S Argus^S Ark Royal^S Ben-my-Chree^S Campania^S Empress^S Engadine^S Furious^M Manxman^S Nairana^S Pegasus^S Raven II^S Riviera^S Vindex^S Vindictive^S

Dreadnought battleships	Dreadnought^S Bellerophon St. Vincent Neptune^S Colossus Orion King George V Erin^S Agincourt^S Iron Duke Canada^S Queen Elizabeth Revenge

Pre-dreadnought battleships	Royal Sovereign Majestic Canopus Formidable Duncan King Edward VII Swiftsure Lord Nelson

Battlecruisers	Invincible Indefatigable Lion Queen Mary^S Tiger^S Renown Courageous Admiral^S^C Incomparable^X

Armoured cruisers	Cressy Drake Monmouth Devonshire Duke of Edinburgh Warrior Minotaur

Heavy cruisers	Hawkins

Light cruisers	Town^G Arethusa C^{G, C} Danae^C Emerald^A

Protected cruisers	Apollo Astraea Eclipse Blake Pearl Edgar Powerful Diadem Arrogant Pelorus Highflyer Challenger Topaze

Scout cruisers	Adventure Forward Pathfinder Sentinel Boadicea Blonde Active

Destroyer flotilla leaders	Swift^S Faulknor Marksman Parker Admiralty (or Scott)^C Thornycroft (or Shakespeare)^C

Destroyers	A^G B^G C^G D^G E^G F Cricket^G G H I K L Admiralty M Hawthorn M Thornycroft M Yarrow M Yarrow Later M R^G S^{G, C} Talisman V and W^{G, C}

Monitors	Marshal Ney Abercrombie Lord Clive Humber Gorgon M15 M29 Erebus

Minesweepers	Flower Racecourse Hunt 24^C

Gunboats	Fly Insect

Submarines	A B C D E F G H^C J K L^C M^C R^C Swordfish^S V

S Single ship of class C One or more completed after the war X Cancelled G Grouping of several classes A All completed after the war V Conversions M converted from Courageous class

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