Trencherfield Mill

Trencherfield

Trencherfield mill, the working mill in 1951
Location within Greater Manchester
Cotton
Spinning (ring mill)
Location	Wigan Pier
Serving canal	Leeds and Liverpool Canal
Further ownership	Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s) Courtaulds (1964)
Coordinates	53°32′28″N 2°38′16″W / 53.5411°N 2.6378°W / 53.5411; -2.6378
Power
Date	1907
Engine maker	J & E Wood
Decommissioned	Still in steam
Engine type	triple-expansion four-cylinder engine
Valve Gear	Corliss valves
rpm	68
Flywheel diameter	26ft
Transmission type	ropes
No. of ropes	54
References
[1]

Trencherfield Mill is a cotton spinning mill standing on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Wigan, Greater Manchester. It was built in 1907. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. It was driven by a 2,500 hp triple-expansion four-cylinder engine built by J & E Wood of Bolton in 1907. The two halves of the engine were called Rina and Helen. They drove a 26-foot flywheel with 54 ropes at 68 rpm. The engine was stopped in 1968.^[2] It is now part of the Wigan Pier redevelopment area. The mill has been redeveloped.

Location

Trencherfield Mill, modified and now part residential

Wigan is a town in Greater Manchester, England.^[3] It stands on the River Douglas which was canalised in the 1740s; 15 miles (24.1 km) south of Preston, 16.5 miles (26.6 km) west-northwest of Manchester, and 17.4 miles (28 km) east-northeast of Liverpool. Wigan is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its administrative centre. Wigan is served by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, the London and North Western Railway and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Trencherfield Mill stands by Wigan Pier, a wharf on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, which was made famous by the writer George Orwell in his book, The Road to Wigan Pier. Orwell highlighted the poor working and living conditions of the local inhabitants during the 1930s.

History

Historically a part of Lancashire; during the Industrial Revolution Wigan experienced dramatic economic expansion and a rapid rise in the population. Although porcelain manufacture and clock making had been major industries in the town, Wigan has since become known as a major mill town and coal mining district.^[4] The first coal mine was established at Wigan in 1450 and at its peak there were 1,000 pit shafts within 5 miles (8 km) of the town centre.^[4] Mining was so extensive that one of its town councillors once remarked that "a coal mine in the backyard was not uncommon in Wigan".^[5] Coal mining ceased during the latter part of the 20th century. In 1974, Wigan became a part of Greater Manchester.

Wigan's status as a centre for coal production, engineering and textiles in the 18th century led to the Douglas Navigation in the 1740s, the canalisation of part of the River Douglas, and later the diversion of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in the 1790s at the request of the mill owners, to transport coal from the Lancashire coal pits to Wigan's mills and was also used extensively to transport local produce. As a mill town, Wigan was an important centre of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution; however it wasn't until the 1800s that cotton factories began to spread into the town. This was due to a dearth of fast-flowing streams and rivers in the area, but by 1818 there were eight cotton mills in the Wallgate part of Wigan.^[6] In 1818 William Woods introduced the first power looms to the Wigan cotton mills.

Trencherfield Mill was built alongside the canal in 1907, for William Woods & Sons Ltd.^[6]

The industry peaked in 1912, when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The Great War of 1914–18 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. The independent mills were struggling. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry.^[7] Trencherfield Mill was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950.

The derelict Grade II listed building has been renovated to become a development comprising commercial, retail, and leisure space and 52 one and two-bedroom apartments. The mill engine has been preserved, and restored. As of 2009 it can be seen in steam each Sunday morning.

Architecture

The original Trencherfield Mill was built in 1822–23 by William Woods. The present building dates from 1907, this was an early 20th-century mill. It had four-storeys and a basement; it was 31 by 6 bays. The chimney is circular.

Power

It was driven by a 2,500 hp triple-expansion four-cylinder steam engine by J & E Wood of Bolton built in 1907. The two halves of the engine were called Rina and Helen. They drove a 26-foot flywheel with 54 ropes at 68 rpm. The HP cylinders were steamed at 200psi. As a four-cylinder engine, there were two 44"LPs, a 40"IP, and 25"HP with a 5-foot stroke. There were Corliss valves on all cylinders, Dobson block motion on HP and IP. The air pump was driven from each crosshead. It had a Lumb governor.^[8]

Owners

• Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s–1964)
• Courtaulds (1964–

Trencherfield Mill steam engine

Mill engine

The 2500 hp J & E Wood triple-expansion steam engine has been restored and operates as a visitor attraction known as the Trencherfield Mill Steam Engine. Engineers provide visitor tours on Sundays, and school and group visits are available during the week.

See also

• Textile manufacturing
• Cotton Mill

v t e Lancashire cotton Architects Stott Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip) Edward Potts Potts, Pickup & Dixon F.W. Dixon & Son Bradshaw Gass & Hope Engine makers Daniel Adamson Ashton Frost Ashworth & Parker Bateman & Sherratt Boulton & Watt Browett, Lindley & Co Buckley & Taylor Carel Earnshaw & Holt Fairbairn W & J Galloway & Sons Benjamin Goodfellow Hick, Hargreaves & Co Benjamin Hick and Sons John Musgrave & Sons J & W McNaught Petrie of Rochdale William Roberts & Co of Nelson George Saxon Scott & Hodgson Urmson & Thompson Yates of Blackburn Yates & Thom Willans and Robinson J & E Wood Woolstenhulmes & Rye Machinery makers Brooks & Doxey Butterworth & Dickinson Curtis, Parr & Walton Dobson & Barlow John Hetherington & Sons Joseph Hibbert John Pilling and Sons Ltd Howard & Bullough Geo. Hattersley Asa Lees Mather & Platt Parr, Curtis & Madely Platt Brothers Taylor, Lang & Co Textile Machinery Makers Ltd Tweedales & Smalley Ancillary firms Oldham Limiteds Fine Spinners and Doublers Lancashire Cotton Corporation Combined Egyptian Mills Ltd Courtaulds Bagley & Wright Industrial processes Textile manufacturing Cotton-spinning machinery Dref Friction Spinning Magnetic ring spinning Open end spinning Ring spinning Spinning frame Spinning jenny Spinning mule Water frame Roberts Loom Lancashire Loom Associations Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union Amalgamated Weavers' Association Burnley, Nelson, Rossendale and District Textile Workers' Union Northern Textile and Allied Workers' Union National Union of Textile and Allied Workers United Textile Factory Workers' Association Employment practices More looms Kissing the shuttle Mule spinners' cancer Piece-rate list Lists of mills LCC mills Bolton Bury Cheshire Derbyshire Lancashire Manchester Oldham Preston Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Wigan Yorkshire Museums Bancroft Shed Helmshore Mills Queen Street Mill Weavers' Triangle Quarry Bank Mill, Styal

v t e Lancashire Cotton Corporation Bury Pilot Mill, Bury Wilton Mill, Radcliffe Bolton Ainsworth Mill, Breightmet Bolton Union Mill, Bolton Century Mill, Farnworth Lancashire Coppull Mill Imperial Mill, Blackburn Mavis Mill Manchester and Salford Brunswick Mill, Ancoats May Mill, Pemberton Monton Mill, Eccles Oldham Ace Mill, Hollinwood Blackridings Mill, Oldham Dawn Mill, Shaw Fox Mill, Hollinwood Hawk Mill, Shaw Heron Mill, Hollinwood Junction Mill, Middleton Junction Kent Mill, Chadderton Laurel Mill, Middleton Junction Magnet Mill, Chadderton Majestic Mill, Waterhead Manor Mill, Chadderton Newby Mill, Shaw Orme Mill, Waterhead Regent Mill, Failsworth Royd Mill, Oldham Royton Ring Mill, Royton Rutland Mill, Shaw Textile Mill, Chadderton Trent Mill, Shaw Rochdale Arkwright Mill, Rochdale Harp Mill, Castleton Malta Mill, Middleton Mars Mill, Castleton Stockport Elder Mill, Romiley Kingston Mill, Stockport Palmer Mills, Stockport Vernon Mill, Stockport Welkin Mill, Lower Bredbury Tameside Atlas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Cedar Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Rock Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Saxon Mill, Droylsden Stalybridge Mill, Stalybridge Texas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Tudor Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Wigan Empress Mill, Ince May Mill, Pemberton Trencherfield Mill West Yorkshire Foxsons Mill, Staincliffe Mons Mill, Todmorden

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Ashmore, Owen (1982). The industrial archaeology of North-west England. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0820-4. Retrieved 25 June 2009. 
• Dunkerley, Philip (2009). "Dunkerley-Tuson Family Website, The Regent Cotton Mill, Failsworth". Retrieved 9 January 2009. 
• LCC (1951). The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. Blackfriars House, Manchester: Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. 
• Roberts, A S (1921), "Arthur Robert's Engine List", Arthur Roberts Black Book. (One guy from Barlick-Book Transcription), retrieved 11 January 2009 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trencherfield Mill.

• www.cottontown.org
• www.spinningtheweb.org.uk
• Trencherfield Mill Steam Engine – official site at Wigan Leisure & Culture Trust
• www.millatthepier.co.uk - Official website for The Mill at the Pier Venue based at Trencherfield Mill