Transport hub

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Underground bus and coach terminal and metro station are located underneath the Kamppi Center in Helsinki, Finland

A transport hub (also transport interchange) is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include train stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stop, airports and ferry slips. Freight hubs include classification yards, seaports and truck terminals, or combinations of these. For private transport, the parking lot functions as a hub.

Delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States,^[1] in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke paradigm was annexed by several airlines.

Public transport

South Station, a MBTA, Amtrak and Greyhound transportation hub in Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Intermodal passenger transport hubs in public transport include bus stations, railway stations and metro stations, while a major transport hub, often multimodal (bus and rail), may be referred to in American English as a transport center or transit center.^[2] Sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls.

Modern electronic Passenger information systems and journey planners require a digital representation of the stops and Transportation hubs including their Topology. Public transport data information standards such as Transmodel and IFOPT have been developed to provide a common terminology, conceptual models and data exchange formats to allow the collection and distribution of stop and interchange data.

Airports

Main article: Airline hub

Airports have a twofold hub function. First they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation. This makes it important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport infrastructure, including roads, bus services, railway and rapid transit systems. Secondly some airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline doesn't fly directly between.

Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high traffic routes, bypassing the hub entirely.

Freight

DHL hub Leipzig, Germany

There are usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of containerization, intermodal freight transport has become more efficient, often making multiple lags cheaper than through services—increasing the use of hubs. ^{[citation needed]}

References

↑ Delta Air Lines. "Delta through decades".
↑ "A transit center is a major transit hub served by several bus or rail lines." Tri-Met: Transit Centers

v t e Public transport

Bus	List of buses Bus rapid transit Charabanc Express bus service Guided bus Intercity bus (driver) Open top bus Public light bus Shuttle bus service Rail replacement bus Transit bus Trolleybus

Rail	Commuter rail Funicular Heavy rail Heritage railway Heritage streetcar High-speed rail Inter-city rail Interurban Light rail Horsecar Medium-capacity rail transport system Monorail Rapid transit Regional rail Rubber-tyred metro Street running Tram Tram-train

Vehicles for hire	Paratransit Personal rapid transit Auto rickshaw Boda-boda Cycle rickshaw Hackney carriage Taxicab Vehicle for hire Motorcycle taxi Limousine Rickshaw Share taxi Gondola

Carpooling	Slugging Flexible carpooling Real-time ridesharing Car jockey

Other transport	Aerial tramway Bicycle sharing Carsharing Gondola lift Horse-drawn vehicle People mover Airline Airliner Elevator Moving walkway Escalator

Ship	Cable ferry Ferry Hovercraft Hydrofoil Ocean liner Water taxi Cruise ship

Locations	Bus bulb Bus garage Bus lane Bus stand Bus station Bus stop Bus terminus Bus turnout Circle route Cross-city route Hub Interchange station Kassel kerb Layover Metro station Park and ride Queue jump Radial route Taxicab stand Train station Tram stop Transit mall Transport network Airport Harbor Port Hangar Drydock

Ticketing Fares	Automated fare collection Bus advertising Contract of carriage Dead mileage Farebox recovery ratio Free travel pass Free public transport Manual fare collection Money train Proof-of-payment Smart cards Ticket machine Transit pass Exit fare Fare evasion

Accommodation and facilities	Travel class First class Sleeper Standing passenger Prohibited activities Checked baggage

Scheduling	Bus bunching Clock-face scheduling Headway On-time performance Public transport timetable Short turn

Other topics	Airport security Boarding Destination sign Hail and ride Network length Non-revenue track Public transport security Request stop Transit police Transit-oriented development (TOD)

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Transport hub

Public transport

Airports

Freight

See also

References