Translative case

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The translative case (abbreviated TRANSL) is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming X" or "change to X".

In the Finnish language, this is the counterpart of the Essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. It is also used for expressing "in (a language)", "considering it's a (status)" and "by (a time)". Its ending is -ksi. Examples:

pitkä "long", venyi pitkäksi "(it) stretched long"
englanti "English", englanniksi "in English"
pentu "cub", Se on pennuksi iso "For a cub, it is big"
musta aukko "black hole", (muuttui/muuntautui) mustaksi aukoksi "(turned into) a black hole"
kello kuusi "(at) six o' clock", kello kuudeksi "by six o' clock"

Examples in Estonian:

must auk "black hole", (muutus/muundus) mustaks auguks "(turned into) a black hole"
kell kuus "(at) six o' clock", kella kuueks "by six o' clock"

Examples in Hungarian. The ending is -vá / -vé after a vowel; assimilating to the final consonsant otherwise:

só "salt", Lót felesége sóvá változott "Lot's wife turned into salt"
fiú "boy; son" fiává fogad "adopt as one's son"
bolond "fool" bolonddá tett engem "He made a fool out of me."

Grammatical cases

Cases

Morphosyntactic alignment	Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Partitive Pegative

Location, time, direction	Ablative Addirective Adelative Adessive Allative Antessive Apudessive Delative Distantitive Distributive (–temporal) Egressive Elative Illative Inelative Inessive Initiative Intrative Lative Locative Medial Perlative Pertingent Postdirective Postelative Postessive Prolative Prosecutive Proximative Separative Subdirective Subelative Subessive Sublative Superdirective Superelative Superessive Superlative Temporal Terminative Vialis

Possession, companion, instrument	Abessive Associative Caritive Comitative Dative Genitive Instrumental (–comitative) Ornative Possessed Possessive Privative Sociative

State, manner	Adverbial Comparative Equative Essive (–formal, –modal) Exessive Formal Identical Instructive Modal Multiplicative Orientative Revertive Semblative Translative

Cause, purpose	Aversive Benefactive Causal (–final) Evitative Final

Other	Dubitive Postpositional Prepositional Vocative

Declensions

Czech English (Middle English, Old English) Finnish German Gothic Irish Latin Latvian Lithuanian Serbo-Croatian Slovak

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