Tongliao

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Tongliao
ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ
通辽
Prefecture-level city
通辽市
view along Liao River
Tongliao City (red) in Inner Mongolia (orange)
Tongliao
Location of the city centre in Inner Mongolia
Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°E / 43.617; 122.267Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°E / 43.617; 122.267
Country People's Republic of China
Region Inner Mongolia
Elevation 179 m (587 ft)
Population (2010)
  Total 3,139,153
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Website http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/
Tongliao
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 通辽
Traditional Chinese 通遼
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic Тонляо хот
Mongolian script ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ

Tongliao (Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Tüŋliyou qota; Chinese: 通辽市) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,139,153 (as of 2010); the city proper has 898,895 inhabitants (2010).[1] The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jirem League (哲里木盟; ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ).

The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District) is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is Jirem. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.

Geography and climate

It borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands. Tongliao has an total area of 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi), accounting for 5.4% of Inner Mongolia's total.[2]

Tongliao has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, continental steppe climate (Köppen BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.63 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.

Climate data for Tongliao (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8)
−2.4
(27.7)
5.6
(42.1)
15.8
(60.4)
22.9
(73.2)
27.4
(81.3)
29.3
(84.7)
28.1
(82.6)
22.9
(73.2)
14.5
(58.1)
3.6
(38.5)
−4.6
(23.7)
13.03
(55.44)
Average low °C (°F) −18.8
(−1.8)
−15.1
(4.8)
−7.1
(19.2)
2.2
(36)
9.6
(49.3)
15.5
(59.9)
19.2
(66.6)
17.3
(63.1)
10.0
(50)
1.7
(35.1)
−7.9
(17.8)
−15.8
(3.6)
0.90
(33.62)
Precipitation mm (inches) 1.5
(0.059)
2.1
(0.083)
7.1
(0.28)
14.2
(0.559)
34.1
(1.343)
74.0
(2.913)
103.9
(4.091)
79.3
(3.122)
30.5
(1.201)
19.0
(0.748)
4.9
(0.193)
2.8
(0.11)
373.4
(14.702)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.3 3.4 4.6 7.4 11.0 11.6 9.4 7.2 4.3 2.6 2.4 67.8
% humidity 54 47 43 41 46 62 73 73 63 55 54 55 55.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 224.7 225.3 272.7 272.0 293.1 284.2 267.2 272.8 268.1 251.3 216.2 206.0 3,053.6
Percent possible sunshine 78 77 74 68 65 62 57 63 72 74 74 74 69
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Subdivisions

Map
# Name Mongolian Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010)
Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
1 Horqin District ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ
(Qorčin toɣoriɣ)
科尔沁区 Kē'ěrqìn Qū 898,895 3,212 252
2 Holingol City ᠬᠣᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ
(Qoolin Ɣool qota)
霍林郭勒市 Huòlínguōlè Shì 102,214 585 120
3 Kailu County ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ
(Ḵayilü siyan)
开鲁县 Kāilǔ Xiàn 396,166 4,488 87
4 Hure Banner ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
(Küriy-e qosiɣu)
库伦旗 Kùlún Qí 167,020 4,650 39
5 Naiman Banner ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
(Naiman qosiɣu)
奈曼旗 Nàimàn Qí 401,509 8,120 53
6 Jarud Banner ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
(Jarud qosiɣu)
扎鲁特旗 Zālǔtè Qí 279,371 17,193 17
7 Horqin Left Middle Banner ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
(Qorčin Jegün Ɣarun Dumdadu qosiɣu)
科尔沁左翼中旗 Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì
Zhōng Qí
514,741 9,811 54
8 Horqin Left Back Banner ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
(Qorčin Jegün Ɣarun Qoyitu qosiɣu)
科尔沁左翼后旗 Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì
Hòu Qí
379,237 11,476 35

Demographics

Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Han Chinese 1.548.721 51,14%
Mongol 1.373.470 45,35%
Manchu 88.654 2,93%
Hui Chinese 12.447 0,41%
Korean 2.709 0,09%
Xibe 781 0,03%
Daur 492 0,02%

Transport

Tongliao is a railway hub in both Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. Tongliao-Beijing Railway conveniently connects the city with Beijing. There are also rails connect Tongliao with Shenyang, Daqing and Jining. State Highway 111, State Highway 303, State Highway 304 and State Highway 204 run through the city and extend to harbor cities such as Tianjin, Dalian, and Qinhuangdao.

Education

Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry are among the educational institutions of Tongliao.

References

External links

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