Tongliao
Tongliao ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ 通辽 | |
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Prefecture-level city | |
通辽市 | |
view along Liao River | |
Tongliao City (red) in Inner Mongolia (orange) | |
Tongliao | |
Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°ECoordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Region | Inner Mongolia |
Elevation | 179 m (587 ft) |
Population (2010) | |
• Total | 3,139,153 |
Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
Website | http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/ |
Tongliao | |||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 通辽 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 通遼 | ||||||
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Mongolian name | |||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | Тонляо хот | ||||||
Mongolian script | ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ | ||||||
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Tongliao (Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Tüŋliyou qota; Chinese: 通辽市) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,139,153 (as of 2010); the city proper has 898,895 inhabitants (2010).[1] The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jirem League (哲里木盟; ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ).
The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District) is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is Jirem. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.
Geography and climate
It borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands. Tongliao has an total area of 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi), accounting for 5.4% of Inner Mongolia's total.[2]
Tongliao has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, continental steppe climate (Köppen BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.63 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.
Climate data for Tongliao (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.1 (82.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
13.03 (55.44) |
Average low °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
2.2 (36) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
10.0 (50) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
0.90 (33.62) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 1.5 (0.059) |
2.1 (0.083) |
7.1 (0.28) |
14.2 (0.559) |
34.1 (1.343) |
74.0 (2.913) |
103.9 (4.091) |
79.3 (3.122) |
30.5 (1.201) |
19.0 (0.748) |
4.9 (0.193) |
2.8 (0.11) |
373.4 (14.702) |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 11.0 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 67.8 |
% humidity | 54 | 47 | 43 | 41 | 46 | 62 | 73 | 73 | 63 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 55.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 224.7 | 225.3 | 272.7 | 272.0 | 293.1 | 284.2 | 267.2 | 272.8 | 268.1 | 251.3 | 216.2 | 206.0 | 3,053.6 |
Percent possible sunshine | 78 | 77 | 74 | 68 | 65 | 62 | 57 | 63 | 72 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 69 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration |
Subdivisions
Map | |||||||
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# | Name | Mongolian | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) |
Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
1 | Horqin District | ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ (Qorčin toɣoriɣ) |
科尔沁区 | Kē'ěrqìn Qū | 898,895 | 3,212 | 252 |
2 | Holingol City | ᠬᠣᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Qoolin Ɣool qota) |
霍林郭勒市 | Huòlínguōlè Shì | 102,214 | 585 | 120 |
3 | Kailu County | ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ (Ḵayilü siyan) |
开鲁县 | Kāilǔ Xiàn | 396,166 | 4,488 | 87 |
4 | Hure Banner | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Küriy-e qosiɣu) |
库伦旗 | Kùlún Qí | 167,020 | 4,650 | 39 |
5 | Naiman Banner | ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Naiman qosiɣu) |
奈曼旗 | Nàimàn Qí | 401,509 | 8,120 | 53 |
6 | Jarud Banner | ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Jarud qosiɣu) |
扎鲁特旗 | Zālǔtè Qí | 279,371 | 17,193 | 17 |
7 | Horqin Left Middle Banner | ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Qorčin Jegün Ɣarun Dumdadu qosiɣu) |
科尔沁左翼中旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Zhōng Qí |
514,741 | 9,811 | 54 |
8 | Horqin Left Back Banner | ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Qorčin Jegün Ɣarun Qoyitu qosiɣu) |
科尔沁左翼后旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Hòu Qí |
379,237 | 11,476 | 35 |
Demographics
Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.
Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
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Han Chinese | 1.548.721 | 51,14% |
Mongol | 1.373.470 | 45,35% |
Manchu | 88.654 | 2,93% |
Hui Chinese | 12.447 | 0,41% |
Korean | 2.709 | 0,09% |
Xibe | 781 | 0,03% |
Daur | 492 | 0,02% |
Transport
Tongliao is a railway hub in both Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. Tongliao-Beijing Railway conveniently connects the city with Beijing. There are also rails connect Tongliao with Shenyang, Daqing and Jining. State Highway 111, State Highway 303, State Highway 304 and State Highway 204 run through the city and extend to harbor cities such as Tianjin, Dalian, and Qinhuangdao.
Education
Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry are among the educational institutions of Tongliao.
References
External links
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