Tlingit clans

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The Tlingit clans of Southeast Alaska, in the United States, are one of the indigenous cultures within Alaska. The Tlingit people also live in the Northwest Interior of British Columbia, Canada, and in the southern Yukon Territory. There are two main Tlingit lineages or moieties within Alaska, which are subdivided into a number of clans and houses.

The Tlingit people

The Three Frogs Pole, in Wrangell, Alaska is believed to belong to the Tlingit clans

The Tlingit people of Southeast Alaska have two moieties (otherwise known as descent groups) in their society, each of which is divided into a number of clans. Each clan has its own history, songs, and totems, and each forms a social network of extended families which functions as a political unit in Tlingit society.

The two moieties of the Tlingit society are the Raven (Yéil) and Eagle/Wolf (Ch'aak'/Gooch). The latter has two names because its primary crest differs between the north and the south regions of Tlingit territory, probably due to influence from the neighboring tribes of Haida and Tsimshian. Each moiety is further subdivided into clans, and each clan is subdivided into houses.

The Tlingit clans have names whose meaning typically reflects the foundation story of the clan. The clans are usually referred to in English by the name of their primary crest, such as Deisheetaan being called "Beaver Clan". This is not accurate since some crests may be held by multiple clans. Clans of opposite moieties occasionally claim the same crest, but such irregular ownership is usually due to a debt owed by some other clan; until the debt is paid, the clan holding the debt claims the crest of the clan which owes the debt, as a means of shaming it.

Clans

In the list below the Tlingit name of the clan is not given with its primary crest in parentheses, followed by the various kwáan (region or village) in which they are found. Known houses are listed beneath each clan. It is a matrilineal system; children are born to the mother's clan and gain their status within her family, including what was traditionally hereditary leadership positions. The parents are required to be from differing clans; the children are born from the father, but he has a lesser role in their rearing than does the mother's brothers.

Not all clans listed below are extant today; some have been absorbed into other clans; others have died out due to the lack of female descendants, and a few have been lost to history. Not all the clans listed may be independent, since clans formed in a long and fluid process. For instance, the Kak'weidí descend from the Deisheetaan. Some members claim that they are a "house" within the Deisheetaan clan; others claim that they are a small but fully independent tan.[citation needed]

Raven clans (Yéil naa)

  • Gaanax.ádi — Galyáx, Xunaa, T'aaku, Aak'w, S'awdáan, Takjik'aan, Taant'a
  • Táakw.aaneidí
  • L'uk naxadi ( freshwater sockeye)
  • Gaanaxteidee hibernation frog, strong man, wood worm,
  • T'éex'.ádi
  • Ishkeetaan/Ishkahítaan (Ganaxteidee) ( Hibernation Frog)same as Ganaxteidee (di)
  • L'ukwnax.ádi
  • X'at'ka.aayí
  • Koosk'eidí/Xaas híttaan
  • X'alchaneidí
  • Kiks.ádi (Frog/Herring, Rock)* Teeyhíttaan
  • Teeyineidí
  • Deisheetaan (Beaver) —
  • Aanx'aakíttaan/Aanx'aak híttaan
  • L'eeneidí (Dog Salmon)
  • T'akdeintaan (Sea Pigeon)
  • L'ukwaax.ádi
  • Noowshaka.aayí
  • Kwáashk'ikwáan/Kwáashk' Kwáan
  • Weix'hineidí
  • Yéeskaneidí
  • L'ookwhineidí
  • Kuyeidí
  • Téel' híttaan
  • Sakwteeneidí/Sukwteeneidí
  • Kijookw híttaan/Gijookw híttaan
  • Taneidí
  • Kookw híttaan
  • Kayaa.ádi
  • Tukwyeidí/Tukwweidí
  • Kaasx'agweidí
  • Taalkweidí
  • Kuyéik'.ádi
  • HeHL -non Tlinget Indigenous Peoples(Raven Moieties- Bear/Badger/Wolf/Sea Monster)

Eagle/Wolf clans (Ch'aak'/Gooch naa)

  • Kaagwaantaan (WOLF)
  • Yanyeidí
  • Lkweidi
  • Teikweidí BROWN BEAR
  • Dagisdinaa
  • Jishkweidí
  • Dakl'aweidí - KILLER WHALE
  • Shangukeidí - THUNDERBIRD
  • Wooshkeetaan - SHARK
  • Chookaneidí - GLACIER BEAR
  • Kadakw.ádi
  • Tsaateeneidí
  • S'eet'kweidí
  • Kookhittaan - BEAR - BOX HOUSE
  • Tsaagweidí - killerwhale
  • Nees.ídi
  • Was'ineidí - BEAR
  • Naasteidí
  • Kayaashkeiditaan
  • Naanyaa.aayí
  • Sik'nax.ádi
  • Xook'eidí
  • Kaax'oos.hittaan
  • Neix.ádi (Eagle/Beaver/Halibut)

See also

References

  • Emmons, George Thornton (1991). The Tlingit Indians. Volume 70 in Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History. Edited with additions by Frederica De Laguna. New York: American Museum of Natural History. ISBN 0-295-97008-1.
  • Hope III, Andrew (2008). Traditional Tlingit Country – Map and Tribal List. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Native Knowledge Network.
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