Timeline of Belgrade history

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**Timeline of the History of Belgrade**
Political situation	Events
Starčevo culture	6200-5200 BCE
Vinča culture	5500–4500 BCE: Vinča culture is born in what is today Belgrade's suburb of Vinča. Within the coming two millennia it evolves into a dominant neolithic culture in Europe, especially influencing the Balkans. Sometimes this era is called the First Golden Age of Belgrade. By 3000 BC Vinča culture disperses into several sub-cultures.
Barbarian	700-279 BCE: Thracians dwell in the region.
Scordisci invasion	279 BCE: Singidūn is founded by the Celtic tribe of Scordisci.
Roman Empire	6 CE: Aulus Caecina Severus becomes the first governor of Moesia, and the city was known as Roman Singidunum. Zemun was known as Taurunum, and was part of Pannonia. 86: Legio IV Flavia Felix, a Roman legion, is based in Singidunum, at present day Kalemegdan. fl. 117–138: Roman Emperor Hadrian grants Singidunum municipium status. 332: Roman Emperor Flavius Jovianus (r. 363–364) was born in Singidunum. He re-established Christianity as state religion.
Eastern Roman Empire	395: Singidunum becomes a northwestern frontier city of the Eastern Roman Empire after the death of Theodosius I (r. 379–395)
Iranian/ Germanic/ Hunnic invasions 5th century	441: The Huns destroy the city. Attila resides in the city. 450: Sarmatians are holding Singidunum. 470: The Ostrogoths expel the Sarmatians. 476: Western Roman Empire collapses. The city becomes a border-town towards the hostile Germanic tribes. 488: The Gepids conquer Singidunum. 504: The Goths capture it again.
Byzantine/ Frankish rule/ Serbian arrival 6–9th centuries	510: A peace treaty handed over the city to the Byzantine Empire. 535: Byzantine emperor Justinian I rebuilds Singidunum. 584: The Avars conquer and sack it. 592: Byzantine Empire regains the city. 7th century: The Avars destroy it again. 630: The Slavs conquer Singidunum.
Byzantine/ Bulgarian/ Hungarian rule 9th–11th centuries	827: The Bulgarians control the fortress. The city is called by Western sources Alba Bulgarica. Frankish Empire temporary annexes Taurunum, today's northern Belgrade. 16 April 878: First known written record of the Slavic name Beligrad. 896: Army of Hungarians attack Belgrade. 1018: The Byzantine emperor Basil II seizes Belgrade from the Bulgarian Empire. Occasional clashes with Hungary. 1072: Belgrade was retaken by Byzantine Empire. 1096: The city was destroyed by Hungarians, but the Byzantine Empire remained in control of it.
Hungarian/Byzantine/Bulgarian rule 11th–12th centuries	1096–1189: The Crusaders are passing through Belgrade. 1127: Hungarian king Stefan II destroys Belgrade and used the obtained stones to build a fortress in Zemun. 1154: Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus destroys Zemun and takes the stones back to rebuild Belgrade. 1182: Hungary attack and sacked the city. 1185: Byzantine Empire regained it by diplomacy but loses to the newly reestablished Bulgarian Empire.
Serbian/Hungarian/Bulgarian rule 13th century	1202: The Hungarians seize Belgrade. 1203: The Bulgarians retake the city. 1213: The city is given to Hungary by emperor Boril. 1221: Belgrade is returned to Bulgaria. 1246: The city becomes part of Hungary. 1284: The Hungarians gift to the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin; this is the first time that Belgrade comes under Serbian rule.
Hungarian rule 14th–16th centuries	1316: Stefan Milutin takes Belgrade from his brother by force. 1319: The Hungarians deprive King Milutin of the city. 1382: The troops of rebellious Croatian noblemen brothers Ivaniš Horvat and Pavao Horvat capture the city from Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. 1386: Hungary regains it. 1403: Stefan Lazarević establishes Belgrade as the capital of the Serbian Despotate. 1427: Hungarians claim Belgrade from Đurađ Branković. 1440: The Ottoman Empire attacks Belgrade. The city endures the siege following heavy destruction. 1456: Sultan Mehmed II besieges Belgrade but fails to capture it.
Ottoman/Austrian rule 16th–19th centuries	1521: Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquers Belgrade. 1688: Duke Maximilian of Bavaria captures the city. 1690: The Ottomans capture Belgrade anew. 1717: Prince Eugene of Savoy captures the city (Prinz Eugen, der edle Ritter). 1718: Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Serbia, a Habsburg Monarchy province. 1720–1733: Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg is the autocratic governor of the Kingdom of Serbia. 1723–1736: Construction of the Kalemegdan fortress by Nicolas Doxat de Démoret. 18 September 1739: The Treaty of Belgrade between Austria and the Ottomans returns Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire. 1789: Marshal Ernst Gideon von Laudon captures the city. 4 August 1791: The Treaty of Sistova returns Belgrade to the Ottomans.
Ottoman/Serbian rule 1804–1878	12 December [O.S. 30 November] 1806: Karađorđe Petrović captures Belgrade and makes it the capital of Serbia. 1808: First Serbian Academy, the Great School, is established. 1813: The Ottomans reconquer the city. 1815: Miloš Obrenović started the Second Serbian Uprising and conquered Belgrade. 1830: Mahmud II proclaimed charter on Serbian autonomy. 1831: First printing works established. 17 January [O.S. 5 January] 1834: The first newspaper (Novine srbske—"Serbian Newspaper") published. 1840: The first post office in Belgrade. 1841: Belgrade became the capital of the Principality of Serbia under Knez Mihailo Obrenović. 1844: The National Museum of Serbia established. 1855: First telegraph line in Serbia, Belgrade–Aleksinac, established. 1862: After the conflict at Čukur česma, Belgrade was bombarded from the Kalemegdan fortress. 1867: In Kalemegdan, the Ottoman commander of the fortress Ali Riza Pasha handed over the keys of Belgrade to Knez Mihailo Obrenović. 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1868: Knez Mihailo Obrenović is assassinated in the Košutnjak Forest.
Serbian rule 1878–1914	1878: The Berlin Congress recognized the independence of Serbia in the Treaty of Berlin. 1882: Belgrade is the capital of the Kingdom of Serbia. 1883: The first telephone lines in Belgrade. 1884: Railway stations and a railway bridge over Sava is constructed (and still in use). 1892: The first modern water supply. 1893: Electrification of the city. 1894: The first electric tramway. 11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1903: In a coup d'état, King Aleksandar Obrenović is assassinated, and King Petar I Karađorđević ascends the throne of Serbia.
Austro-Hungarian/Serbian rule 1915–18	28 July [O.S. 15 July] 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. World War I begins. 2 December 1914: Austrians bombard and capture Belgrade. 15 December 1914: The Serbs recapture it. 6-9 October 1915: German and Austrian troops led by August von Mackensen capture Belgrade. Colonel Dragutin Gavrilović sacrifices the entire legion for the city. 1 November 1918: The Serbs, with help of allies, recapture it.
Kingdom of Serbia 1918	24 November 1918: The Assembly of Syrmia proclaims the secession of Syrmia from the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and unification with the Kingdom of Serbia, thus unifying Belgrade with Zemun in the same state. 25 November 1918: The Great people's assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs proclaims the unification of Banat, Bačka and Baranja with the Kingdom of Serbia, thus unifying Belgrade and the settlements on the Danube's left bank in the same state.
Yugoslav Kingdom 1918–1941	1 December 1918: Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1919: In order to coordinate the dating in different parts of the newly formed state, the territories of former Serbia and Montenegro adopt Gregorian calendar, which had already been in use in the other parts of the kingdom. 1923: Paris–Budapest air line extended to Belgrade. 25 March 1927: The first Belgrade airport (Dojno polje Airport) opened. 6 January 1929: King Aleksandar Karađorđević dissolved the National Assembly and started his dictatorship. Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. 24 March 1929: Radio Belgrade started broadcasting. 1934: Zemun becomes a municipality of the City of Belgrade. 1935: The first bridge over the Danube, the Pančevački most (Bridge of Pančevo) is built. 1937: Belgrade Fair opened. 14 December 1939: Leftist students' protests against the government, poverty and war. Following the police breakdown of the demonstrations, five to ten protesters are killed (depending on the estimates). 27 March 1941: Huge protests against joining the Axis. 6 April 1941: Nazi Germany bombs Belgrade (Operation Retribution). 2,271-4,000 casualties, depending on the sources.
Nazi/Croatian rule 1941–1944	12 April 1941: Belgrade is occupied and divided. Old part of the city becomes a part of Nazi Germany, while Zemun and the settlements on the Danube's left bank become a part of the Independent State of Croatia. April-September 1944: American and other Allies have bombed Belgrade eleven times. 1,000 - 5,000 civilian casualties, depending on the sources. 20 October 1944: Belgrade liberated from the Nazis by the Soviet Red Army and the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia; teacher Miladin Zarić saves Stari savski most ("The Old Sava bridge") from demolition, by cutting the detonator wires, making it the only large bridge in Europe, beside Ludendorff Bridge that the Germans didn't succeed in demolishing while retreating.
Yugoslav Republic 1944–1991	29 November 1945: The Constitutional Assembly proclaimed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Monarchy was abolished and Josip Broz Tito started to rule officially. 1946: Industries nationalised. 1948: Large number of regime opponents arrested and sentenced to hard labour. 11 April 1948: The building of Novi Beograd (New Belgrade) officially started. 1950: Government introduced self-management of the industry by the employees. 1958: TV Belgrade started broadcasting. 1961: The first Conference of Non-Aligned Movement held in Belgrade. 28 April 1962: Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport officially opened in the Belgrade suburb of Surčin. 1967: The first Belgrade International Theatre Festival (BITEF) held. 1968: Students' protests in Belgrade. 1969: Beograđanka, one of the tallest buildings in the city built. 1970: Gazela (Gaselle) bridge built. 1971: E75 highway through Belgrade officially opened for traffic. 1971: The first FEST (annual film festival) held. February – May 1972: 1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia. 1974: New Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia adopted. 1977–1978: The Conference of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Belgrade. 1979: Annual meetings of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund held in Belgrade. 1980: 21st General Assembly of UNESCO held in Belgrade. 1983: Annual Conference of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Belgrade. 1988: First meeting of the ministers of foreign affairs of the Balkan States. 9 March 1991: Around 100,000 people demonstrate against the regime of Slobodan Milošević. One protester and one policeman are killed. Police and army tanks on the streets of Belgrade.
Second Yugoslav Republic 1992–2003	27 April 1992: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed. 30 May 1992: The UN Security Council imposed economic embargo on Yugoslavia. 1993 - 24 January 1994: The highest hyperinflation in the history struck Belgrade, bringing many citizens to the limits of existence. 7 July 1995: Underground railway station "Vukov spomenik" opened. Similar to the RER of Paris, this is to become the first station of Belgrade Metro. 19 November 1996 – 22 March 1997: Mass protests in response to electoral fraud attempted by the regime of Slobodan Milošević after local elections. 21 February 1997: The first non-communist city government since 1944, with Zoran Đinđić as the first non-communist Mayor of Belgrade. 24 March – 10 June 1999: Belgrade was bombed by NATO. The buildings of the Government of Serbia, Yugoslav Ministry of Defence, Radio Television of Serbia, Hotel Jugoslavija, Avala Tower, Batajnica Air Base, Chinese embassy, and many other buildings and structures were partly or completely destroyed. 5 October 2000: Slobodan Milošević removed from power after huge protests in Belgrade. The House of the National Assembly was set on fire.
Serbia and Montenegro 2003–2006	4 February 2003: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia changed into Serbia and Montenegro. 31 July 2004: Belgrade Arena, one of the largest multifunctional indoor arenas in Europe officially opened 10 January 2005: The organization of the 2009 Summer Universiade is awarded to Belgrade. February 2006: Belgrade proclaimed City of Future of South Europe by fDi magazine, a Financial Times publication.
Independent Serbia 2006–present	6 June 2006: Belgrade becomes the capital of independent Serbia. February 2008: "Kosovo is Serbia"-protests follow the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. 20–24 May 2008: Belgrade hosts Eurovision Song Contest 2008. 1 July to 12 July 2009: Belgrade hosts 2009 Summer Universiade, the largest sporting event ever to be organized by the city. 20 December 2009: Government in Belgrade decides to apply for EU membership. 21 April 2010: Avala Tower opened after the reconstruction, following its complete demolition during the NATO bombing campaign. 13 December 2010: Belgrade’s application for the title of European Capital of Culture 2020 presented and submitted in Brussels. 1 January 2012: Ada Bridge opened for traffic. The first new bridge built in Belgrade in 42 years.

External links

Important years in city history at the official website of the City of Belgrade.

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