Time–manner–place

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Linguistic typology
Morphological
Isolating Synthetic Polysynthetic Fusional Agglutinative
Morphosyntactic
Alignment Accusative Ergative Split ergative Philippine Active–stative Tripartite Marked nominative Inverse marking Syntactic pivot Theta role
Word order
VO languages Subject–verb–object Verb–subject–object Verb–object–subject OV languages Subject–object–verb Object–subject–verb Object–verb–subject Time–manner–place Place–manner–time
v t e

For restrictions on freedom of speech in the United States, see Time, place, and manner.

In linguistic typology, time–manner–place is a general order of adpositional phrases in a language's sentences: "yesterday", "by car", "to the store". It is common among languages with SOV word orders. Japanese (which is SOV) and German belong to this category. The other common order for adpositional phrases is place–manner–time, which is exemplified by English and French.

An example of this appositional ordering in German is:

Ich	fahre	heute	mit	dem	Auto	nach	München.
I	drive	today	with	the	car	to	Munich.
I'm travelling to Munich by car today.

The temporal phrase – heute ("today") – comes first, the manner – mit dem Auto ("by car") – is second, and the place – nach München ("to Munich") – is third.

(One way to remember the order in German is the mnemonic acronym ZAP: Zeit (time), Art (manner), Platz (place).) Another, in English, is the "acronym" TeMPo.

English and French use this order only when the time is mentioned before the verb, which is commonly the case when time, manner, and place are all mentioned.

External links

Word Order in German — Part 1: German Syntax

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Time–manner–place

See also

External links