Thorp Mill
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Thorp Mill | |
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Thorp Mill with millrace in foreground. (Photo 2011) | |
| Location | Thorp, Washington |
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| Built | 1883 |
| Architect | Oren Hutchinson |
| Architectural style | Banked Grist Mill |
| Governing body | Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society |
| NRHP Reference # | 77001343 |
| Designated NRHP | November 23, 1977 |
Thorp Mill is an historic building located in Thorp, Washington.
On November 23, 1977, the Thorp Mill was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1]
The landmark is maintained by the Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society, which aims to preserve the mill for the benefit of the local community and to make it available for the benefit of people seeking to understand American culture and history. To this end, the organization now devotes itself to developing the mill site both as an interpretive site and as a gathering place for community activities, maintaining and fostering the close sense of community and family and the enterprising spirit that is the town of Thorp's heritage, while allowing it to carry those values forward into the future and into the world community.
History
See also, History of the Town of Thorp
In 1878, James L. Mills traversed the trail over the Cascade Mountains from Puget Sound by foot, and saw great possibilities in the Kittitas Valley.[2] He built a sawmill west of the current town site in 1879,[3] diverting water from the Yakima River to turn its wheels.[2][4] The sawmill had a capacity of 7,000 feet daily.[3]
Not content with the sawmill, Mills devised a way for the same wheels to power the North Star Mill, a gristmill that Oren Hutchinson had built at the town of Thorp in 1883, to provide feed for livestock and flour for the local residents. The four-story mill provided farmers throughout the Kittitas Valley with the convenience of local processing for wheat crops, as well as serving as an important hub for community activities.[3][5] The North Star Mill was best known for its leading brand "Tip Top".[3]
In 1907, the energy from the water wheel at the North Star Mill was utilized to power a steam generator having a 40-horsepower dynamo, which furnished electricity for laundering clothes two mornings each week, and for lighting homes for a few hours each evening. This gave Thorp the distinction of being among the first towns in Washington to have electricity, and the smallest unincorporated town in the Northwest to have electric lights.[3][5]
The Thorp Mill continued active operation until its closure in 1946. On November 23, 1977, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1][2]
Operations
The mill utilized Yakima River water brought to the area through a system of canals. A horizontal water wheel powered both the gristmill and a nearby sawmill. An ice pond and log pond were located nearby, as well. The ice pond was used for recreational skating, and from it ice was harvested to chill the train cars that carried local fresh produce to market.[2]
In the latter part of the 19th century, the nutritional content of flour ground with the wheat germ intact was a vast improvement over flour ground without the wheat germ, and contributed greatly to the health of settlers in developing communities. However, the presence of wheat germ also meant that the flour would spoil quickly, especially in the heat of summer. A local mill allowed area residents to process smaller quantities of wheat at a time. In addition, since the gristmill processed other grains for animal feed, locals were able to "fatten out" stock intended for market and to keep their working stock in better condition.[2]
Kittitas Valley farmers brought their wheat crops to the Thorp Mill in wagons, and the grain was ground into flour, bran, or feed for livestock. Initially the grain was processed between huge stone burrs that had been brought laboriously via wagon from The Dalles, Oregon. In 1895, the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railroad depot enabled importation and installation of more efficient steel roller burrs. The railroad also provided local farmers with an easy means to sell their flour throughout the Puget Sound region.[6]
Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society
Although its value was recognized by its owner and by local artists, historians, and others in Thorp and the Kittitas Valley, the Thorp Gristmill stood unused for 40 years. To restore it would be an expensive project, and there seemed no hope of obtaining the necessary funds until a request for community centennial projects raised the hopes of an enterprising group of people.
The Thorp Mill Town Historical Society began with a handful of Thorp High School alumni who decided, for the sake of nostalgia, to preserve the old gristmill located near the edge of town. But in researching for the task, they found that history of the mill embodied all the best of the American ideal. Research also revealed that although the local mill once was the center of every small community, nearly all such mills are gone now, destroyed by fire or dismantled during the Second World War.
Today, the organization is actively engaged in preservation projects focused on the Thorp Mill and the surrounding community of Thorp. The members maintain the mill as a landmark and museum, providing tours and interpretive information for visitors. In collaboration with Central Washington University, the society has engaged in the collection of historical records that are curated by the CWU Brooks Library, including historical photographs, documents and ephemera that provide a rich archive of historical and research materials. Each year, the Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society produces events that raise funds to maintain the mill, and expand the offerings it provides to the local community.
In addition, the North Star Mill’s unique combination of functions and its early production of electricity draw the interest of industrial historians nationwide. The Mill is, therefore, not just a local landmark, but a national treasure, nearly the last of its kind—a reminder of an American spirit that is all too often forgotten.[2]
See also
- History of the Town of Thorp
- Thorp High School
- Kittitas County, Washington
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Kittitas County, Washington
External links
- Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society
- Thorp School District No. 400
- CWU Brooks Library, Thorp Historical Photograph Collection The Thorp Mill Town Historical Society Collection consists of images depicting life in Thorp and central Kittitas County, Washington from the late 19th Century to the middle 20th Century.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Register of Historic Places.. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Thorp Mill Town Historical Preservation Society. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Eugene J. Brain, "Thorp, Washington," The Coast Magazine, Vol. XV, May 1908 (from The Coast, Honor L. Wilhelm, pp. 366-7).
- ↑ An Illustrated History of Klickitat, Yakima and Kittitas Counties with an Outline of the Early History of the State of Washington, Chicago: Chicago Interstate Publishing Co. (1904) pp. 211.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 HistoryLink, "Thorp Mill begins operation in the Kittitas Valley in April 1883," Essay 5073. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
- ↑ Ruth Kirk and Carmela Alexander, Exploring Washington’s Past: A Road Guide To History, Revised Edition, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press (1995) pp. 127.