Thomas Scot
Early life
Scot was educated at Westminster School and is said have attended Cambridge University.[2] In 1626 he married Alice Allinson of Chesterford in Essex. He was a lawyer in Buckinghamshire and grew to prominence as the treasurer of the region’s County Committee between 1644 to 1646. He became influential enough to dominate the Committee and was elected Member of Parliament for Aylesbury in 1645 as a recruiter to the Long Parliament. Though he had a penchant for long, passionate speeches in Parliament, Scot could also be a subtle backroom politician and had a knack for creating alliances and rallying votes. A royalist acerbically described him as one who “crept into the House of Commons, whispers Treason into many of the Members ears, animating the War, and ripping up and studying aggravations thereunto.”
Political career
Scot’s beliefs about government by consent prior to Pride's Purge are hard to gauge, though from what has survived of his writings and speeches many historians have described him as being republican. His actions during the Purge period definitely indicate that he developed strong republican leanings before 1648.
From the beginning of the English Civil War, Scot was a strong supporter of tough terms with King Charles I and later became a vociferous opponent of the Treaty of Newport, declaring “that there could be no time seasonable for such a treaty, or for a peace with so perfidious and implacable a prince; but it would always be too soon, or too late. He that draws his sword upon the king, must throw his scabbard into the fire; and that all peace with him would prove the spoil of the godly.”
After Pride's Purge, Scot became one of the chief organizers of the trial and execution of the King. Scot was instrumental in the erection of the Republic and along with Henry Vane, Oliver Cromwell and Arthur Heselrige became one of its primary leaders.
Trial and execution
In 1653, with the fall of the Republic, Scot became one of the Protectorate's most vocal opponents, organizing anti-Cromwell opposition inside the Parliament. In 1654 he was elected MP for Wycombe in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was elected MP for Aylesbury again in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament In 1659, he was elected MP for Wycombe again in the Third Protectorate Parliament and then sat for Aylesbury again in the restored Rump Parliament.[2]
Like all of the other 59 men who signed the death warrant for Charles I he was in grave danger when Charles II of England was restored to the throne. He fled to Flanders, but surrendered at Brussels. He was put on trial, found guilty and hanged, drawn and quartered on 17 October 1660 for the crime of regicide.[2]
"Mr. Thomas Scot was on the same day (October 12, 1660) brought to a trial, or rather to receive the sentence of condemnation. He was charged with sitting in the High Court of Justice at the King's trial, with signing the two warrants above mentioned; and desiring that the following inscription might be engraved upon his monument, 'Here lies Thomas Scot, who adjudged the late King to die.' Divers witnesses were produced to prove these things; and among them Mr. William Lenthal, Speaker to the Parliament, who, though when the King entered the House of Commons, and had demanded of him the Five Members, he knew how to answer, 'that he had neither ears to hear, eyes to see, or mouth to speak except what the House gave,' could now appear as evidence against Mr. Scot for words spoken in Parliament, which he was conscious to himself was a high breach of privilege; acquainting the Court, that the person accused, had justified in the House the proceedings against the King. Mr. Scot said in his defence, that whatever had been spoken in the House ought not to be given in evidence against him, not falling under the cognizance of any inferior court, as all men knew: that for what he had done in relation to the King, he had the authority of the Parliament for his justification: that the Court had no right to declare whether that authority were a Parliament or not; and being demanded to produce one instance to show that the House of Commons was ever possessed of such an authority, he assured them he could produce many. But having begun with the Saxon times, he was interrupted by the Court, and told that the things of those ages were obscure. Finding he might not be permitted to proceed in that way, he took the liberty to tell them, that 'he could not see for what reason it was not as lawful for that House of Commons in which he had sat as a member, to make laws, as for the present Convention which had been called by the authority of the Keepers of the Liberties of England. I had the authority of Parliament, the legislative authority to justify me --' Here the Court interrupted him; but having no reason to give, Finch said in a passion, 'Sir, if you speak to this purpose again, I profess for my part I dare not hear any more: 'tis a doctrine so poisonous and blasphemous, that if you proceed upon this point, I shall (and I hope my lords will be the same opinion) desire that the jury may be immediately directed.' Mr. Scot replied, 'My Lord, I thought you would rather have been my council, as I think 'tis the duty of your place. But in this matter I am not alone, neither is it myh single opinion: even the Secluded Members owned us to be a Parliament, else why did they, support by an armed force, intrude themselves contrary to the resolutions of the House, in order to procure the major vote for our dissolution (Ref. Long Parliament)?' To which Mr.Annesley answered, that 'if the Secluded Members had not appeared in Parliament, and by that means put an end to all pretenses, the people had not so soon arrived at their happiness.' These, with many other things of equal force being said by Mr. Scot in his defense, rather to justify himself to his country, than from any hopes of consideration from those with whom he had to do; the jury as directed, found him guilty also.[3]
Some of his last words were "I say again; to the Praise of the Free Grace of God;, I bless His name he hath engaged me in a Cause, not to be Repented of, I say, Not to be Repented of."
See also
References
- ↑ Caulfield, op.cit.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Pool, John (SCT645T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ↑ The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625-1672, Edited with appendices of Letters and Illustrative Documents by C. H. Firth, M.A., in two volumes, Oxford, At the Clarendon Press, 1894, Vol. II, page 307-308
- James Caulfield, The High Court of Justice: Comprising Memoirs of the Principal Persons, who sat in Judgment on King Charles the First and Signed his Death Warrant, John Caulfield, London 1820
- Biography of Thomas Scot, regicide British Civil Wars & Commonwealth website
| Parliament of England | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ralph Verney Sir John Pakington, Bt |
Member for Aylesbury 1645–1654 With: Simon Mayne |
Succeeded by Henry Philips |
| Preceded by Thomas Lane Sir Richard Browne, 1st Bt |
Member for Wycombe 1654–1656 |
Succeeded by Unknown |
| Preceded by Henry Philips |
Member for Aylesbury 1656–1659 |
Succeeded by Sir James Whitelocke Thomas Tyrrill |
| Preceded by Unknown |
Member for Wycombe 1659–1660 |
Succeeded by Edmund Betty Sir Richard Browne, 2nd Bt |