Thomas Mayne Reid

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For other people named Thomas Reid, see Thomas Reid (disambiguation).
Thomas Mayne Reid
Born April 4, 1818
Ballyroney, County Down, Ireland
Died October 22, 1883
London, United Kingdom
Occupation novelist
Genres adventure

Thomas Mayne Reid (April 4, 1818 – October 22, 1883), was a Scots-Irish American novelist. "Captain" Reid wrote many adventure novels akin to those written by Frederick Marryat and Robert Louis Stevenson. He was a great admirer of Lord Byron. These novels contain action that takes place primarily in untamed settings: the American West, Mexico, South Africa, the Himalayas, and Jamaica.

Biography Reid was born in Ballyroney, a small hamlet near Katesbridge, County Down, in the north of Ireland, the son of Rev. Thomas Mayne Reid Sr., who was a senior clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. His father wanted him to become a Presbyterian minister, so in September 1834 he enrolled at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. However, although he stayed for four years, he could not motivate himself enough to complete his studies and receive a degree. He headed back home to Ballyroney to teach school.

In December 1839 he boarded the Dumfriesshire bound for New Orleans, Louisiana, arriving in January 1840. Shortly afterward he found a job as a clerk for corn factor, or trader in the corn market. He stayed in New Orleans for six months. It is said that he left his position for refusing to whip slaves. (Reid later used Louisiana as the setting of one of his best-selling books, an anti-slavery novel entitled The Quadroon.)

From New Orleans, Reid traveled to Tennessee. On a plantation near Nashville, he tutored the children of Dr. Peyton Robertson, who some Reid biographers have confused with the Doctor's father, General James Randolph Robertson. (Some twenty years later, Reid would make mid-Tennessee the setting for his novel The Wild Huntress.) Following Dr. Robertson's death, Reid founded a short-lived private school in Nashville. In 1841 he found work as a clerk for a provision dealer in either Natchez, Mississippi or Natchitoches, Louisiana (the latter place seems more likely). Although Reid later claimed to have made several trips to the West during this period of his life (on which he purportedly based some of his novels), the evidence for such journeys is sketchy and confusing at best.

Literary career

In the fall of 1842 Reid arrived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he began his literary career writing both prose and poetry for the Pittsburgh Morning Chronicle under the pen-name The Poor Scholar. (He also apparently worked as a carrier for the paper.) His earliest verifiable work was a series of epic poems called Scenes in the West Indies.

In the spring of 1843, Reid moved to Philadelphia, where he remained for three years. During this time he worked as a journalist and from time to time had poetry published in Godey's Lady's Book, Graham's Magazine, the Ladies National Magazine, and similar publications, using the same pseudonym he had employed in Pittsburgh. It was in Philadelphia that he met Edgar Allan Poe and the two became drinking companions for a time.[1] Poe would later call Reid "a colossal but most picturesque liar. He fibs on a surprising scale but with the finish of an artist, and that is why I listen to him attentively."[2]

When the Mexican-American War began in the spring of 1846, Reid was working as a correspondent for the New York Herald in Newport, Rhode Island (which would later become the setting for yet another novel). At this time he began using the pen-name Ecolier, in addition to the Poor Scholar.

On November 23, 1846, Reid joined the First New York Volunteer Infantry as a second lieutenant. In January 1847 the regiment left New York by ship. The New Yorkers camped for several weeks at Lobos Island before taking part in Major General Winfield Scott's invasion of Central Mexico, which began on March 9 at Vera Cruz. Using the pseudonym "Ecolier", Reid was a correspondent for the a New York newspaper, Spirit of the Times, which published his Sketches by a Skirmisher. On September 13, at the Battle of Chapultepec, the young Irish-born officer received a severe thigh wound while leading a charge. He was afterward promoted to the rank of first lieutenant for bravery in battle. On May 5, 1848 Reid resigned his commission and in July he returned to New York with his regiment.

Love's Martyr, his first play, played at the Walnut Street Theater in New York for five nights, in October 1848. He published War Life, an account of his army service, June 27, 1849.

Learning of the Bavarian Revolution, he headed to England to volunteer. But, after the Atlantic crossing changed his mind, and instead headed home to northern Ireland. He shortly moved to London, and in 1850 published his first novel, The Rifle Rangers. This was followed by The Scalp Hunters (1851; dedicated to Commodore Edwin W. Moore, whom he met in 1841), The Desert Home (1852), and The Boy Hunters (1853). This latter book, set in Texas and Louisiana, was "juvenile scientific travelog". It would become a favorite of young Theodore Roosevelt, who would become a huge Reid fan. That same year Reid married the daughter of his publisher G. W. Hyde, an English aristocrat, Elizabeth Hyde, a 15-year-old young lady.

After a short time off to spend with his new bride and honeymoon, he soon returned to writing. Continuing to base his novels on his adventures in America, he turned out several more successful novels: The White Chief (1855), The Quadroon (1856), Oceola (1858), and The Headless Horseman (1865).

He spent money freely, including building the sprawling "Ranche", an elaborate reproduction of a Mexican hacienda that he had seen during the Mexican-American War. This extravagant living forced him to declare bankruptcy in November 1866. The following October he moved to Newport, Rhode Island, hoping to recapture the success the U.S. had brought him earlier. He went back to New York in 1867 and founded the Onward Magazine.[3]

He lectured at Steinway Hall in New York, and published the novel The Helpless Hand in 1868. But America was not as kind to Reid this time around. The wound he had received at Chapultepec started to bother him, and he was hospitalized for several months at St. Luke in June 1870. Elizabeth hated America, and following his discharge from the hospital he and his wife returned to England on October 22, 1870, and lived at Ross on Wye, Herefordshire.

Suffering from acute melancholia, he was soon again hospitalized. He tried to write, but completed few projects. He lived mainly off his U.S. Army pension, which was not enough to cover his situation. Reid died in London, at the age of 65, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery. A quotation from The Scalp Hunters is on his grave marker: "This is `weed prairie'; it is misnamed: It is the Garden of God."

Influence and legacy

Books such as the Young Voyagers had great popularity, especially with boys. He was also very popular around the world; his tales of the American West captivated children everywhere, including Europe and Russia. Among his books, many of which were popular in translation in Poland and Russia, were The Rifle Rangers (1850), Scalp Hunters (1851), Boy Hunters (1853), War Trail (1851), Boy Tar (1859), and Headless Horseman (1865/6).[3] Vladimir Nabokov recalled The Headless Horseman as a favourite adventure novel of his childhood years - "which had given him a vision of the prairies and the great open spaces and the overarching sky."[4] At 11, Nabokov even translated The Headless Horseman into French alexandrines.[5] Czeslaw Milosz also cites Russian translations of Reid as well-remembered early reading matter, which allowed him to learn Russian and the Cyrillic alphabet. A chapter on Reid appears in his Emperor of the Earth (1976) collection of essays.

In his autobiography, United States President Teddy Roosevelt credits Mayne Reide with being a major early inspiration. The shy, asthmatic aristocrat, Theodore Roosevelt, would grow up to pursue naturalistic zoology and adventure travel. This author Mayne Reid's adventure books for boys may be the inspiration for our national park expansions which occurred under T. Roosevelt's two terms in office.

Russell Miller, in his biography of Arthur Conan Doyle, credits Mayne Reid as being one of Conan Doyle's favorite childhood authors and a great influence on Conan Doyle's writings.

Although Mayne Reid called himself, and is listed often as, "captain", Francis B. Heitman's definitive Historical Register and Dictionary of the U.S. Army only shows lieutenant.

Bibliography

Reid wrote about seventy-five novels, and many short stories and sketches.[6]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  • The Rifle Rangers; or, Adventures in Southern Mexico (1850)
  • The Scalp Hunters: A Romance of the Plain (1851)
  • The Desert Home: The Adventures of a Lost Family in the Wilderness (1851)
  • The Hunters' Feast (serial 1854, book 1883)
  • The White Chief; A Legend of North Mexico - (1855)
  • The Boy Hunters, or, Adventures in Search of a White Buffalo - (1855)
  • The Hunter's Feast; or, Conversations Around the Camp-fire - (1856)
  • The Bush Boys: History and Adventures of a Cape Farmer and His Family - (1856)
  • The Quadroon: Or, A Lover's Adventures in Louisiana - (1856)
  • The War Trail; or, The Hunt of the Wild Horse - (1857)
  • The Plant Hunters; or, Adventures Among the Himalaya Mountains - (1858)
  • Osceola the Seminole, or, The Red Fawn of the Flower Land - (1858)
  • The Lone Ranche - (1860)
  • The Scalp Hunters - (1860)
  • Bruin: The Great Bear Hunt (1860)
  • The Lone Ranch: A Tale of the Staked Plain (1860)
  • The Wild Huntress; or, The Big Squatter's Vengeance (1861)
  • The Maroon: A Tale of Voodoo and Obeah - (1862)
  • The Cliff Climbers - (1864)
  • The Boy Slaves - (1865)
  • The Headless Horseman - (1866)
  • The Giraffe Hunters - (1867)
  • Afloat in The Forest; or A Voyage Among the Tree-Tops - (1867)
  • The White Squaw - (1868)
  • The Headless Horseman: A Strange Story of Texas (1868)
  • The Helpless Hand: A Tale of Backwoods Retribution - (1868)
  • The Planter Pirate: A Souvenir of Mississippi (1868)
  • The Yellow Chief: A Romance of the Rocky Mountains (1869)
  • The Fatal Cord - (1869)
  • The Castaways - (1870)
  • The Vee-Boers: A Tale of Adventure in Southern Africa - (1870)
  • The Finger of Fate (1872)
  • The Death Shot; or, Tracked to Death - (1873)
  • The Cuban Patriot, or, The Beautiful Creole: An Episode of the Cuban Revolution (1873)
  • The Death Shot (1874)
  • The Young Yagers, or, A Narrative of Hunting Adventures in Southern Africa - (1875)
  • The Giraffe Hunters (1876)
  • The Flag of Distress: A Story of the South Sea' (1876)
  • Gwen Wynn; A Romance of the Wye - (1877)
  • The Man-Eaters (1878)
  • The Specter Barque: A Tale of the Pacific (1879)
  • The Captain of the Rifles; or, The Queen of the Lakes: A Romance of the Mexican Valley' (1879)
  • The Land Pirates, or, The League of Devil's Island: A Tale of the Mississippi (1879)
  • Osceola the Seminole: The Red Fawn of the Flower Land
  • The Ocean Hunters, or, The Chase of the Leviathan: A Romance of Perilous Adventure (1881)
  • The Ocean Waifs: A Story of Adventure on Land and Sea- (1882)
  • Blue Dick, or, The Yellow Chief's Vengeance: A Romance of the Rocky Mountains (1883)
  • Gaspar, the Gaucho, or, Lost on the Pampas: A Tale of the Gran Chaco (1883)
  • The Island Pirate: A Tale of the Mississippi (1884)
  • The Land of Fire: A Tale of Adventure (1885)
  • The Lost Mountain: A Tale of Sonora (1885)
  • The Free Lances: A Romance of the Mexican Valley (1888)
  • The Tiger Hunter: A Hero in Spite of Himself (1889)
  • No Quarter! (1890)
  • The White Gauntlet (1892)
  • The Guerilla Chief and Other Tales
  • The Bandolero, A Marriage among the Mountains
  • The Boy Tar
  • The Child Wife
  • Ran Away to Sea
  • Wood Rangers: The Trappers of Sonora
  • The Young Voyageurs: Boy Hunters in the North

References

  1. ↑ Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. Cooper Square Press, 1992. p. 142. ISBN 0-8154-1038-7
  2. ↑ Howard Paul, Munsey's Magazine, August 1892. 555.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Open Source Books. Internet Archive. Accessed July 14, 2007.
  4. ↑ CLASSICS ON CASSETTE:'SPEAK, MEMORY'. John Espey. Los Angeles Times Book Review; Page 8; Book Review Desk. October 20, 1991.
  5. ↑ Artist as Precocious Young Man. Rutherford A. Sunday Herald December 30, 1990.
  6. ↑ "Reid, Captain Mayne" Bio - at the Northern Illinois University Libraries

The Boy Tar http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3335/3335-h/3335-h.htm

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