Theodoxus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Theodoxus Temporal range: Eocene–Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Syntype of Theodoxus fluviatilis thermalis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Neritimorpha clade Cycloneritimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Neritoidea |
| Family: | Neritidae |
| Subfamily: | Neritininae |
| Tribe: | Theodoxini |
| Genus: | Theodoxus Montfort, 1810[1] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Neritoglobus Kobelt, 1871 | |
Theodoxus is a genus of nerites, small water snails with an operculum, some of which live in freshwater, and some in both freshwater and brackish water, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Neritidae, the nerites.
Distribution
The distribution of the genus Theodoxus includes Europe and northern Africa and also extends east to southern Iran.[3]
Description
Representative row of radula teeth of T. fluviatilis
The shell in this genus is semiovular with a flat apertural plain. There is no umbilicus. The columella and inner whorls are dissolved.[3]
Species in the genus Theodoxus are highly variable in size, in color pattern of the periostracum, in details of the operculum and in the radula, and all these factors can make identification to species level very challenging.[4]
Ecology
These animals are live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5-6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers.[3] Theodoxus needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony substrate is necessary.[3] Green algae are not consumed; Theodoxus has no cellulases.[3] These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.[3]
Species
Species within the genus Theodoxus include:
Subgenus Theodoxus
- Theodoxus altenai Schütt, 1965[5][6]
- Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)[5][7]
- Theodoxus danubialis (Pfeiffer, 1828)[5][7][6]
- Theodoxus elongatulus (Morelet, 1845)[5][7]
- Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin, 1886)[5][7][8]
- Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)[5][7] - type species.[9] synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908)[9] (but as separate species per[5][7]); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908;[9] Theodoxus brauneri f. alboguttata Lindholm, 1908;[9] Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908;[9] Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810.[3] Bunje (2005)[10] does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999[11][8] to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.[10][6][8]
- Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)[5][6]
- Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)[5][7]
- Theodoxus meridionalis (Philippi, 1836)[5][12][7]
- Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm, 1924[13][5][7][8]
- Theodoxus prevostianus (Pfeiffer, 1828)[5][7][6][14]
- Theodoxus saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1852)[5][7]
- Theodoxus subthermalis (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865)[8] or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865[7]
- Theodoxus transversalis (Pfeiffer, 1828)[5][7][6]
- Theodoxus valentinus(Graells, 1846)[5][7]
Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855[15]
- Theodoxus anatolicus (Récluz, 1841)[5][16][6]
- Theodoxus jordani (Sowerby)[6]
- Theodoxus niloticus (Reeve, 1856)[6] - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)[17]
- Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963[5][16]
- Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)[5][16]
Subgenus ?
- Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994[13][8]
- Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815)[18]
- Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)[11][8]
- Theodoxus karasuna[citation needed]
- Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)[19]
- Theodoxus maresi (Bourguignat, 1864)[20]
- Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)[21]
- Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966[8]
- Theodoxus mutinensis[citation needed]
- Theodoxus numidicus (Récluz, 1841)[22]
- Theodoxus olivaceus[citation needed]
- Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)[5]
- Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)[11][8]
- Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)[13][8]
- † Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914[14]
- Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)[5]
Synonyms:
- Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)[23]
- Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)[24] is a synonym of Neritina euphratica Mousson, 1874[25]
- Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)[23]
- Theodoxus vespertinus is a synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)[23]
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [3]
- ↑ Montfort D. de (1810). Conchyliologie systématique, et classification méthodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement générique, leurs descriptions caractéristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destiné à faciliter l'étude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonnées. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell). page 350.
- ↑ "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Genus summary for Theodoxus". AnimalBase, last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.
- ↑ Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & Röhner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". Journal of Conchology 38(3): 305-316. PDF.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 "Species in genus Theodoxus" (n=20). AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2011.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 (German) Schütt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und Ökologie türkischer Süßwasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract, PDF.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF .
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bunje, P. M. E. (2005). "Pan-European phylogeography of the aquatic snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Molecular Ecology 14 (14): 4323–4340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02703.x. PMID 16313596. PDF.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Anistratenko O. Y., Starobogatov Y. I. & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". Vestnik Zoologii 33: 11-19.
- ↑ Zettler M. & Van Damme D. (2010). Theodoxus meridionalis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Zettler M. L. (2007). "A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea". Journal of Conchology 39(3): 245-252. abstract.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Glöer P. (2002). Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., ISBN 3-925919-60-0.
- ↑ Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Neritaea". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
- ↑ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2009). Theodoxus niloticus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
- ↑ WoRMS (2010). Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216264 on 2011-04-11
- ↑ ., A. Z. E.; ., N. S. I. (2006). "Population Structure and Shell Morphometrics of the Gastropod Theodoxus macri (Neritidae: Prosobranchia) from Azraq Oasis, Jordan". Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (3): 549. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552.
- ↑ Brown D. S. (1996). Theodoxus maresi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ↑ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus marteli. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
- ↑ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus numidicus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Goodwin D. R. (2006). "The Discovery of Neritina (Theodoxus) cariosa (Wood, 1828) on the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Visaya Net 11 pp. PDF.
- ↑ Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 2(2): 9 pp. PDF.
- ↑ Glöer P. & Pešić V. (2012). "The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species". ZooKeys 219: 11-61, doi:10.3897/zookeys.219.3406.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Theodoxus. |
- Theodoxus at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
- Bandel K. (2001). "The history of Theodoxus and Neritina connected with description and systematic evaluation of related Neritimorpha (Gastropoda)". Mittelungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institut Universitat Hamburg 85: 65-164. abstract.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.