Thallium hydride
| Thallium hydride | ||
|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | ||
| PubChem | 139662 | |
| ChemSpider | 123171  | |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:30437 | |
| Gmelin Reference | 362119 | |
| Jmol-3D images | {{#if:[TlH3]|Image 1 | |
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| Properties | ||
| Molecular formula | TlH 3 | |
| Molar mass | 207.4071 g mol-1 | |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | ||
| Infobox references | ||
Thallium hydride (systematically named thallane and trihydridothallium) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula TlH
3. Its standard state is unknown. Thallium hydride is mainly produced for academic purposes.
Thallium hydride is the simplest thallane. Thallium is the heaviest member of the Group 13 metals; the stability of group 13 metal hydrides decreases with increasing periodic number. This is commonly attributed to poor overlap of the metal valence orbitals with that of the 1s orbital of Hydrogen. Despite encouraging early reports, it is unlikely that a thallium hydride species has been isolated. Thallium hydrides have been observed only in matrix isolation studies; the infrared spectrum was obtained in the gas phase by laser ablation of thallium in the presence of hydrogen gas.[2] This study confirmed aspects of ab initio calculations conducted by Schwerdtfeger which indicated the similar stability of thallium and indium hydrides.[3] There has not been a confirmed isolation of a thallium hydride complex to date.
Nomenclature
The systematic names thallane and trihydridothallium, valid IUPAC names, are constructed according to the substitutive and additive nomenclatures, respectively. Thallium hydride is also used to refer to TlH, λ1-thallane, and the thallium–hydrogen alloy.
History
In 2004 American chemist, Lester Andrews synthesised thallium hydride for the first time. This reaction sequence consisted of atomisation of thallium, followed by cryogenic co-deposition with hydrogen, and concluded with shortwave ultraviolet irradiation.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "thallane (CHEBI:30437)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 27 November 2006. Main. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ↑ Andrew, L.; Wang, X. (2004). "Infrared Spectra of Thallium Hydrides in Solid Neon, Hydrogen, and Argon.". J. Phys. Chem. A 108: 3396–3402. doi:10.1021/jp0498973.
- ↑ Schwerdtfeger, P.; Hunt, P. (1996). "Are the Compounds InH3 and TlH3 Stable Gas Phase or Solid State Species?". Inorg. Chem. 35 (7): 2085–2088. doi:10.1021/ic950411u.
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