Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0)
| Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) | ||
|---|---|---|
platinum(0)-3D-sticks.png) | ||
| IUPAC name Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0) | ||
| Other names Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0) | ||
| Identifiers | ||
| CAS number | 14221-02-4 | |
| PubChem | 11979705 | |
| RTECS number | Unregistered | |
| Properties | ||
| Molecular formula | C72H60P4Pt | |
| Molar mass | 1244.24 g/mol | |
| Appearance | yellow crystals | |
| Melting point | 160 °C; 320 °F; 433 K | |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble | |
| Structure | ||
| Coordination geometry |
four triphenylphosphine unidentate ligands attached to a central Pt(0) atom in a tetrahedral geometry | |
| Molecular shape | tetrahedral | |
| Dipole moment | 0 D | |
| Hazards | ||
| MSDS | External MSDS | |
| R-phrases | n/a | |
| S-phrases | S24/25 | |
| Main hazards | PPh3 is an irritant | |
| NFPA 704 |
 1
2
0
| |
| Related compounds | ||
| Related complexes | Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) | |
| Related compounds | triphenylphosphine | |
 (verify) (what is: / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | ||
| Infobox references | ||
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C6H5)3)4, often abbreviated Pt(PPh3)4. The bright yellow compound is widely used as a precursor to other platinum complexes. [1] [2] [3]
Structure and behavior
The molecule is tetrahedral, with point group symmetry of Td, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d10 configuration. Even though this complex follows the 18 electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16e− derivative containing only three PPh3 ligands:
- Pt(PPh3)4 → Pt(PPh3)3 + PPh3
Synthesis and reactions
The complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl2(PPh3)2 is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as:
- K2[PtCl4] + 2KOH + 4PPh3 + C2H5OH → Pt(PPh3)4 + 4KCl + CH3CHO + 2H2O
Both Pt(PPh3)4 and Pt(PPh3)4 react with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + Cl2 → cis-PtCl2(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
Most mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complex:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + HCl → trans-PtCl(H)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + O2 → Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex
- Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + C2H4 → Pt(η2-C2H4)(PPh3)2 + "NaBH2(OH)2"
References
- ↑ T. Yoshida, T. Matsuda, S. Otsuka, G. W. Parshall, W. G. Peet (1990). "Tetrakis(Triethylphosphine)Platinum(0)". Inorganic Syntheses 28: 122–125. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch32.
- ↑ Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
- ↑ Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf
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