Terra incognita

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Terra incognita (disambiguation).
Map of North America from 1566 showing Italian inscriptions, both Terra In Cognita and Mare In Cognito

Terra incognita or terra ignota (Latin "unknown land"; incognita is stressed on its second syllable in Latin, but with variation in pronunciation in English) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy's Geography circa AD 150. The term was reintroduced in the fifteenth century from the rediscovery of Ptolemy’s work during the Age of Discovery. The equivalent on French maps would be terres inconnues (plural form), and some English maps may show Parts Unknown.

Similarly, uncharted or unknown seas would be labeled mare incognitum, Latin for "unknown sea".

Details

An urban legend claims that cartographers labelled such regions with "Here be dragons". Although cartographers did claim that fantastic beasts (including large serpents) existed in remote corners of the world and depicted such as decoration on their maps, only one known surviving map, the Lenox Globe, in the collection of the New York Public Library,[1] actually says "Here be dragons" (using the Latin form "HIC SVNT DRACONES").[2] However, ancient Roman and Medieval cartographers did use the phrase HIC SVNT LEONES (Here are lions) when denoting unknown territories on maps.[citation needed]

Alternatively, 'terra incognita' may also refer to the hypothesized continent Terra Australis Incognita ("The unknown land of the South"), as seen in the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum map by Abraham Ortelius (1570).

During the 19th century terra incognita disappeared from maps, since both the coastlines and the inner parts of the continents had been fully explored.

The phrase is now also used metaphorically by various researchers to describe any unexplored subject or field of research.

Etymology

  • Terra: Latin for 'earth' or 'land'. Related English words include terrestrial, territory and terrain.
  • Incognita: from Latin cognoscere 'to know, be acquainted with' (negated by the prefix 'in-'), which is related to English know and Greek γνῶσις gnosis 'knowledge'. Related English words include agnostic, cognition, gnosticism.

For more history of the terms, see Terra Australis, and also Etymology at Australia.

See also

Look up terra incognita in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ "Guide to the Research Collections, Resources Elsewhere in the Collections". New York Public Library. pp. 207–208. Retrieved 2006-08-22. 
  2. ↑ "Here Be Dragons on Old Maps". MapHist. Retrieved 2006-08-22. 

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.