Tenma

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For other uses, see Tenma (disambiguation).

Tenma (Japanese for "Pegasus").

Tenma, known as Astro-B before launch, was Japan's second X-ray astronomy satellite, developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. It was launched on February 20, 1983 using a M-3S-3 rocket as the vehicle.

Battery failure in July 1984 caused the operation to become limited, and continuing problems lead to the termination of X-ray observation in 1985. It reentered the atmosphere on January 19, 1989.

Highlights

Discovery of the iron helium-like emission from the galactic ridge
Iron line discovery and/or study in many LMXRB, HMXRB and AGN
Discovery of an absorption line at 4 keV in the X1636-536 Burst spectra

External links

v t e Space observatories

Current	AGILE AMS-02 Chandra Fermi Hinode (Solar-B) HiRISE Hisaki (Sprint-A) Hubble IBEX INTEGRAL IRIS Gaia Kepler MAXI MOST NEOSSat NuSTAR Odin PAMELA UniBRITE-1 R/HESSI SDO SOHO SOLAR Spektr-R Spitzer Suzaku (Astro-EII) Swift TUGSAT-1 WISE XMM-Newton

Planned	Astrosat (2014) Nano-JASMINE (2014) Spektr-RG (2015) Astro-H (2015) HXMT (2014–2016) NICER (2016) CHEOPS (2017) Spektr-UV (2017) TESS (2017) James Webb (JWST) (2018+) SOLAR-C (2019) Euclid (2020) Space Solar Telescope

Proposals	ATHENA ATLAST EChO EXCEDE LOFT Fresnel Imager FINESSE Hypertelescope New Worlds Mission NGO NRO donation to NASA PLATO SPICA SOLAR-D THEIA WFIRST EUSO

Completed	Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011) ALEXIS (1993–2005) ATM (1973–1974) ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000) Astro-1 (BBXRT HUT) (1990) Astro-2 (HUT) (1995) Astron (1983–1989) ANS (1974–1976) ATM (1973–1974) BeppoSAX (1996–2003) CHIPSat (2003–2008) Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000) COROT (2006–2013) Cos-B (1975–1982) COBE (1989–1993) EPOCh (2008) EPOXI (2010) EXOSAT (1983–1986) EUVE (1992–2001) FUSE (1999–2007) Kvant-1 (1987–2001) GALEX (2003–2013) Gamma (1990–1992) Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991) Granat (1989–1998) Hakucho (1979–1985) HALCA (1997–2005) HEAO-1 (1977–1979) Herschel (2009–2013) Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991) HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982) HEAO-3 (1979–1981) HETE-2 (2000–2007?) Hipparcos (1989–1993) IUE (1978–1996) IRAS (1983) ISO (1996–1998) IXAE (1996–2004) Kristall (1990–2001) LEGRI (1997–2002) MSX (1996–1997) OAO-2 (1968–1973) OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981) Orion 1/2 (1971/1973) Planck (2009–2013) RELIKT-1 (1983–1984) ROSAT (1990–1999) Rossi X-ray (RXTE) (1995–2012) SAMPEX (1992–2004) SAS-B (1972–1973) SAS-C (1975–1979) Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985) Uhuru (1970–1973) WMAP (2001–2010) 1st mission WISE (2009–2011) Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Lost	e.g. launch failures: OAO-1/OAO-B (1966/1970) ABRAXIS (1999) HETE (1996) WIRE (1999) ASTRO-E (2000)

Completed	hibernating after mission: SWAS (1998–2005) TRACE (1998–2010)

On hiatus	TAUVEX

Cancelled	Astro-G Constellation-X Darwin Destiny Eddington FAME GEMS IXO JDEM LISA SIM & SIMlite SNAP TPF XEUS

See also	Great Observatories program List of space observatories List of proposed space observatories

Category

Japanese space program

Organizations

JAXA
- former ISAS
- NAL
- NASDA
USEF
NICT

Weather observation

Completed	Himawari 1 2 3 4 5

In operation	Himawari 6

In orbit	Himawari 7

Planned	Himawari 8 9

Earth observation

Completed	Kyokko Jikiken Denpa Ohozora Ume 1 b Fuyo-1 Momo 1 1b Midori I II Daichi 1

In operation	Akebono Ibuki GEOTAIL¹ Aqua¹⁷ TRMM¹ Shizuku

Planned	GCOM-C1 GPM¹ EarthCARE² Daichi 2 3 ASNARO

Communications,
broadcasting and
positioning

Completed	Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b BS 2X 3H 3N B-SAT 1a 2a Kakehashi Superbird A A1 B1 A2 JCSAT 1 2 3 R N-STAR a b Kirari MBSat

In operation	Kodama Kizuna Superbird C B2 D C2 B-SAT 1b 2c 3a 3b 3c JCSAT 1B 4A 110 2A 5A 3A RA 85 12 110R 13 N-STAR (c) QZSS Michibiki

Planned	JCSAT 14 QZSS QZS-2 QZS-3

Engineering tests

Completed	Ohsumi Shinsei Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tansei 1 2 3 4 Myojo Ryusei Orizuru Jindai EXPRESS SFU DASH USERS SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 Ayame 1 2 LRE Tsubasa LDREX 1 2 Micro LabSat-1 SDS-1

In operation	Ajisai Kiku-8 Reimei SDS-4

Planned	PETSAT

Cancelled	SmartSat-1

Private miniaturized satellites

Completed	Fuji 1 2 Kanta-kun (WEOS) HIT-SAT CUTE 1.7+APD Maido-1 Kūkai Kagayaki Negai* Waseda-SAT2 Hayato WE WISH

In operation	Fuji-3 CUTE 1 1.7+APDII XI IV V SEEDS Raijin Kiseki Hitomi Horyu 2 PROITERES RAIKO FITSAT1

Planned	WNI satellite SPROUT TSUBAME QSAT-EOS SOMESAT

Astronomical observation

Completed	Hinotori Tenma Ginga ASCA HALCA Yohkoh Taiyo Hakucho Akari

In operation	Suzaku Hinode

Planned	Astro-H SPICA SPRINT-A SOLAR-C Nano-JASMINE ERG SOLAR-D

Cancelled	Astro-G

Unmanned lunar and
planetary exploration

Completed	Hayabusa Hiten Kaguya (SELENE) Sakigake Suisei

In operation	Akatsuki IKAROS

Failed	Nozomi Shin'en

Planned	BepiColombo² Hayabusa 2 SELENE-2 Jupiter and Trojan asteroid exploration Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter MELOS 1 2

Cancelled	Hayabusa Mk2 Lunar-A

Reconnaissance

Completed	IGS-Optical 1 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2

In operation	IGS-Optical 2 3 4 Experimentally 5 IGS-Rader 3 4

Planned	IGS-Optical 5 6 IGS-Rader 5 6

Human spaceflight

Completed	H-II Transfer Vehicle 1 2 3 4

In operation	International Space Station (ISS) & Kibo¹²³⁴⁵⁶

Planned	H-II Transfer Vehicle 5 6 7 R

Cancelled	HOPE-X Fuji manned spacecraft

Italics indicates projects in development.
Superscripts indicate joint development with¹NASA, ²ESA, ³ASI, ⁴CSA, ⁵RKA, ⁶AEB and ⁷INPE.

v t e ← 1982 · Orbital launches in 1983 · 1984 →

Kosmos 1428 \| Kosmos 1429 · Kosmos 1430 · Kosmos 1431 · Kosmos 1432 · Kosmos 1433 · Kosmos 1434 · Kosmos 1435 · Kosmos 1436 \| Kosmos 1437 \| Unnamed \| IRAS · PIX-2 \| Kosmos 1438 \| Sakura 2a \| Kosmos 1439 \| OPS 0252 · OPS 0252 SSU-1 · OPS 0252 SSU-2 · OPS 0252 SSU-3 · LIPS-2 \| Kosmos 1440 \| Kosmos 1441 \| Tenma \| Kosmos 1442 \| Kosmos 1443 \| Kosmos 1444 \| Molniya-3 No.34 \| Ekran No.18L \| Kosmos 1445 \| Kosmos 1446 \| Molniya-1-56 \| Astron \| Kosmos 1447 \| NOAA-8 \| Kosmos 1448 \| Kosmos 1449 \| Molniya-1 No.68 \| STS-6 (TDRS-1) \| Kosmos 1450 \| Gran' No.23L \| Kosmos 1451 \| Satcom 1R \| Kosmos 1452 \| OPS 2925 \| Rohini RS-D2 \| Kosmos 1453 \| Soyuz T-8 \| Kosmos 1454 \| Kosmos 1455 \| Kosmos 1456 \| Kosmos 1457 \| Kosmos 1458 \| GOES 6 \| Kosmos 1459 \| Kosmos 1460 \| Kosmos 1461 \| Kosmos 1462 \| Kosmos 1463 \| Intelsat V F-6 \| Kosmos 1464 \| Kosmos 1465 \| Kosmos 1466 \| EXOSAT \| Kosmos 1467 \| Venera 15 \| Venera 16 \| Kosmos 1468 \| OPS 6432 · OPS 6432 SSU-1 · OPS 6432 SSU-2 · OPS 6432 SSU-3 \| Kosmos 1469 \| ECS-1 · OSCAR-10 \| STS-7 (Anik C2 · Palapa B1 · SPAS-01 · OSTA-2) \| OPS 0721 · OPS 3899 \| Kosmos 1470 \| Soyuz T-9 \| HILAT \| Kosmos 1471 \| Galaxy 1 \| Gorizont No.17L \| Prognoz 9 \| Kosmos 1472 \| Kosmos 1473 · Kosmos 1474 · Kosmos 1475 · Kosmos 1476 · Kosmos 1477 · Kosmos 1478 · Kosmos 1479 · Kosmos 1480 \| Kosmos 1481 \| Kosmos 1482 \| OPS 7994 \| Molniya-1 No.66 \| Kosmos 1483 \| Kosmos 1484 \| Kosmos 1485 \| Telstar 301 \| OPS 7304 \| Kosmos 1486 \| Kosmos 1487 \| Sakura 2b \| Kosmos 1488 \| Kosmos 1489 \| Kosmos 1490 · Kosmos 1491 · Kosmos 1492 \| Progress 17 \| Fanhui Shi Weixing 6 \| Kosmos 1493 \| Gran' No.24L \| STS-8 (INSAT-1B) \| Molniya-3 No.32 \| Kosmos 1494 \| Kosmos 1495 \| Kosmos 1496 \| Satcom 2R \| Kosmos 1497 \| Kosmos 1498 \| Kosmos 1499 \| Galaxy 2 \| Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L \| Kosmos 1500 \| Ekran No.25L \| Kosmos 1501 \| Kosmos 1502 \| Kosmos 1503 \| Kosmos 1504 \| Intelsat V F-7 \| Progress 18 \| Kosmos 1505 \| Kosmos 1506 \| Meteor-2 No.10 \| Kosmos 1507 \| Kosmos 1508 \| Kosmos 1509 \| OPS 1294 \| Molniya-1 No.48 \| Kosmos 1510 \| STS-9 \| Kosmos 1511 \| Gorizont No.18L \| Kosmos 1512 \| Kosmos 1513 \| Kosmos 1514 \| Kosmos 1515 \| Molniya-3 No.35 \| Kosmos 1516 \| Kosmos 1517 \| Kosmos 1518 \| Kosmos 1519 · Kosmos 1520 · Kosmos 1521

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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