Tarik O'Regan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tarik O'Regan

Tarik O'Regan
Birth name Tarik Hamilton O'Regan
Born (1978-01-01) 1 January 1978
London, United Kingdom
Nationality British
Field Musical composition
Training Royal College of Music (Junior Department), Pembroke College, Oxford and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Movement Postminimalism
Works See works list
Website www.tarikoregan.com

Tarik Hamilton O'Regan[1] (/ˈtærɨk ˈrɡən/; born 1 January 1978) is a British composer.[2] His compositions number over 100[3] and are partially represented on 29 recordings[4] which have been recognised with two GRAMMY[5] nominations. He is also the recipient of two British Composer Awards.[6][7] O'Regan has served on the Faculties of Columbia University as a Fulbright Chester Schirmer Fellow, The Radcliffe Institute of Harvard University as a Radcliffe Fellow, Yale University, Trinity College in the University of Cambridge and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton as Director's Visitor.[8][9][10][11][12]

O'Regan's compositions incorporate the influence of Renaissance vocal writing, the music of North Africa, British rock bands of the 1960s and 1970s, jazz and Minimalist music. His music is often rhythmically complex and employs varying approaches to tonality.

Life and career

Early life and education (1978–2001)

Tarik O'Regan was born in London in 1978. He grew up predominantly in Croydon[13] in South London, spending some of his early childhood in Morocco, where his mother was born, and Algeria.[1][2] He was educated at Whitgift School then Pembroke College, Oxford, where he studied music and, in 1997, he received his first commissions from the Choir of New College, Oxford (conducted by Edward Higginbottom) and James Bowman.[3] During this time, he studied composition privately with Jeremy Dale Roberts.[14] Following the completion of his undergraduate studies in 1999, O'Regan began serving as the classical recordings reviewer for The Observer newspaper, a position he held until 2003.[15] During this time he also worked for JPMorgan Chase, the investment bank.[16][17] He completed his postgraduate studies under the direction of Robin Holloway at Cambridge, where he was appointed Composer in Residence at Corpus Christi College in 2000 and formally began his career as a composer,[18] with his first published works appearing in 2001 on the Finnish Sulasol imprint.[19]

Early compositional career (2002–2008)

2002 marked two important London premieres: those of Clichés with the London Sinfonietta and The Pure Good of Theory with the BBC Symphony Orchestra.[3] In 2004 O'Regan moved to New York City to take up the Chester Schirmer Fulbright Fellowship at Columbia University and subsequently a Radcliffe Institute Fellowship at Harvard. During this period, his composition Sainte won the Vocal category of the 2005 British Composer Awards[6] and his debut disc, VOICES was released on the Collegium label. From 2007 O'Regan began dividing his time between the UK and the US when he was appointed Fellow Commoner in the Creative Arts at Trinity College, Cambridge, a position he held until 2009.[16] During his tenure at Cambridge, his composition Threshold of Night won the Liturgical category of the 2007 British Composer Awards[7] and Scattered Rhymes, his first CD on the Harmonia Mundi label, performed by the Orlando Consort and the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir conducted by Paul Hillier, was released in 2008.

Threshold of Night and broadcasting (2008–2011)

O'Regan's second disc on the Harmonia Mundi label, Threshold of Night, appeared in late 2008 and awakened a wider interest in his work, demonstrated by the CD garnering two GRAMMY Award nominations in 2009: Best Classical Album, Best Choral Performance.[5] After this, he increased his output as a music commentator in print[20] and on air, especially on BBC Radio 3[21][22] and BBC Radio 4.[23] This aspect of his career broadened with the broadcasting in 2010 on BBC Radio 4 of Composing New York, a documentary written and presented by O'Regan.[24][25][26] In the same year, he was appointed to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton as a Director's Visitor and made his BBC Proms debut with Latent Manifest performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. O'Regan's third album on the Harmonia Mundi label, Acallam na Senórach: an Irish Colloquy (based on the 12th century Middle Irish narrative of the same name) was released in October 2011.

Heart of Darkness (2011–present)

For the full article on the opera, see Heart of Darkness (opera)

In 2011, Heart of Darkness, O'Regan's chamber opera in one act, with an English-language libretto by artist Tom Phillips, based on the novella of the same name by Joseph Conrad was premiered at the Linbury Theatre of the Royal Opera House.[27] The idea for the opera first came to O'Regan in 2001.[28] It received wide critical attention and marked his first foray into operatic writing. A suite for orchestra and narrator was extrapolated from the opera and was given its London premiere by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and actor Samuel West in April 2013.[29] Since the opera, O'Regan composed several pieces influenced by North Africa, which include his first collaborations with both the Dutch National Ballet and the Australian Chamber Orchestra.[30][31] Recently some of his output has formed the focus of festivals such as the 2014 Vale of Glamorgan Festival[32] and New Music for New Age from the The Washington Chorus.[33]

Music

Style

O'Regan's music is mostly written in tonal, extended-tonal and modal languages (or a combination of all three), often with complicated rhythmic effects and dense textural variation.[34][35][36][37]

Influences

In various radio and print interviews, O'Regan has stated that he "came to music quite late", mentioning the age of 13 as when he first was able to read music, and has listed five primary influences on his work:[1][15][2][38][39]

  1. Renaissance vocal writing: from some of the repertoire performed by the College choirs at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge where he was educated, although O'Regan describes himself as being "a pretty bad singer".
  2. The music of North Africa: from his own maternal heritage and time spent in Algeria and Morocco during his youth.
  3. British rock bands of the 1960s and 1970s: such as The Who and Led Zeppelin, first encountered in his mother's LP collection.
  4. Jazz: predominantly artists recorded on the Blue Note label in the 1950s and 1960s jazz, an interest first explored in his father's LP collection.
  5. Minimalist music

An article in The Irish Times on 23 November 2010 suggested that O'Regan is also interested in his Irish heritage. Published on the occasion of the first performance of Acallam na Senórach (a setting of The Middle Irish narrative of the same name), the article stated that Sir William Rowan Hamilton is a direct ancestor of O'Regan (his great-great-great-grandfather), whose middle name is Hamilton.[40]

Critical reception

  • His 2006 debut disc, VOICES (Collegium Records COL CD 130), recorded by the Choir of Clare College, Cambridge, was released to critical acclaim, heralding O’Regan as one of the most original and eloquent of young British composers (The Observer, London),[41] breathing new life into the idiom (The Daily Telegraph, London).[42] International Record Review declared the recording a committed, persuasive and highly accomplished performance of an exceptional composing voice of our time,[43] while BBC Music Magazine gave the disc a double five-star rating.[44]
  • After the June 2006 premiere of Scattered Rhymes at the Spitalfields Festival, Geoff Brown, in The Times (London), described O’Regan’s gift for lyric flight [as] boundless. You might have to reach back to Vaughan Williams’s Serenade to Music, or even Tallis, to find another British vocal work so exultant.[45]
  • Scattered Rhymes (2008), O'Regan's first disc from Harmonia Mundi, was described as a stunning recording (BBC Radio 3 CD Review),[46] exquisite and delicate (The Washington Post),[47] a fascinating disc (The Daily Telegraph, London)[48] and typically unfaultable (BBC Music Magazine).[49]
  • The 2008 release of Threshold of Night marked O'Regan's international breakthrough. The disc debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard chart[50] and garnered two GRAMMY nominations[5] in 2009 before going on to receive wide critical acclaim.[51]
  • The 2010 BBC Proms premiere of Latent Manifest[52] performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Andrew Litton, was widely reviewed in London: [a] personal canvas, taking us a long way from a literal reworking into the realms of evanescent fantasy, with delicately evocative results (The Guardian, London),[53] ...a beguiling response to response itself – a mirage of intimations and allusions to [O’Regan’s] own experience of hearing Bach’s third solo Violin Sonata (The Times, London),[54] a gracefully-controlled meditation on a single Bach phrase (The Independent, London).[55][56]
  • The premiere production of O'Regan's first opera, Heart of Darkness (2011), opened to largely positive reviews, both in print an online. Anna Picard described the opera as an "audacious, handsome debut"[57] in The Independent on Sunday and Stephen Pritchard, in The Observer, explained that "the brilliance of [the] opera lies in its ability to convey all that horror without the compulsion to show it – the ultimate psychodrama – and to employ music of startling beauty to tell such a brutal tale". Pritchard also described the music as "a score of concise originality".[58] For a full account of the critical response to the opera, see Heart of Darkness (opera).

Publications and works list

Tarik O'Regan’s earliest works were published by Oxford University Press and Sulasol; since 2004 his music has been exclusively published by Novello & Company, part of the Music Sales group of companies.

Opera

Orchestra

  • (2012) Chaâbi
  • (2012) Fragments from a Heart of Darkness (full orchestra version)
  • (2012) Suite from Heart of Darkness for narrator and full orchestra
  • (2011) Raï (orchestra version)
  • (2010) Latent Manifest
  • (2008) Maybe we have time
  • (2004) Hudson Lullaby

Orchestra with soloist

  • (2000) The Pure Good of Theory for violin and orchestra

Orchestra with chorus

  • (2012) After Rain (Petrichor)
  • (2011) Solitude Trilogy
  • (2011) The Ecstasies Above (orchestra version, arranged by Daniel Moreira)
  • (2008) Care Charminge Sleepe (orchestra version)
  • (2008) Martyr
  • (2007) Stolen Voices
  • (2005) And There Was a Great Calm
  • (2005) Triptych
  • (2004) Threnody

Chamber ensemble

  • (2013) Virelai: Douce Dame Jolie (recorder quartet version)
  • (2012) Fragments from a Heart of Darkness (chamber ensemble version)
  • (2012) Suite from Heart of Darkness for narrator and chamber ensemble
  • (2011) A Ducal Fanfare
  • (2010) A Drifting Life
  • (2008) Darkness Visible
  • (2008) The Woven Child
  • (2006) Raï
  • (2005) Fragment for String Quartet
  • (2005) Fragments from a Gradual Process
  • (2002) Lexington 767
  • (2000) Clichés

Chamber ensemble with chorus

  • (2013) Blessed are they
  • (2010) The Night's Untruth
  • (2009) The Eyes of the Stars
  • (2009) Where all is buried
  • (2008) Threshold of Light
  • (2007) The Taxi
  • (2006) The Ecstasies Above

Chorus

  • (2012) All Creation Slept
  • (2012) Ecce Puer
  • (2012) Night City
  • (2011) Beloved, all things ceased
  • (2011) fleeting, God
  • (2010) Acallam na Senórach
  • (2010) Death is gonna lay his cold icy hands on me
  • (2010) Swing Low, sweet chariot
  • (2009) Jubilate Deo (Latin setting)
  • (2009) Martyr Dei (Martyr of God) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2009) No Matter
  • (2009) The Great Silence
  • (2009) That music always round me
  • (2008) Nunc Dimittis (for double chorus)
  • (2008) Se lamentar augelli
  • (2008) The Spring from Acallam na Senórach
  • (2008) The St Andrews Responsories
  • (2008) Voce mea
  • (2007) A Light Exists in Spring
  • (2007) Ipsa vivere
  • (2007) Jubilate Deo (English Version)
  • (2007) Puer natus est
  • (2007) Tal vez tenemos tiempo
  • (2007) Two Emily Dickinson Settings
  • (2007) Virelai: Douce dame jolie
  • (2006) Hymnus de Sancte Andree Apostole (Hymn of Saint Andrew the Apostle) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2006) I sleep, but my heart waketh
  • (2006) Israfel
  • (2006) Scattered Rhymes
  • (2006) Threshold of Night
  • (2006) The Windows
  • (2005) Haec deum celi (Thou the true Virgin Mother of the Highest) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2005) Lamentation
  • (2005) We Remember Them
  • (2004) Alleluia, laus et gloria
  • (2004) Bring rest, sweet dreaming child
  • (2004) De Sancto Ioanne Baptista
  • (2004) Dorchester Canticles
  • (2004) Gloria
  • (2003) Beatus auctor sæculi (Blest author of this earthly frame) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2003) O vera digna hostia (O Thou from whom hell's monarch flies) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2003) Tu claustra stirpe regia (O Thou, from regal ancestry) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2003) Tu, trinitatis unitas (You oneness of the Trinity) from Sequence for St Wulfstan
  • (2002) Cantate Domino
  • (2002) Surrexit Christus
  • (2001) Agnus Dei
  • (2001) Corpus Christi Service
  • (2001) I Saw Him Standing
  • (2001) Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis
  • (2000) Care Charminge Sleepe
  • (2000) Gratias tibi
  • (1999) Ave Maria
  • (1999) Columba aspexit
  • (1999) Locus iste

Solo instrumental

  • (2013) Fallen words
  • (2012) Eminent Domains
  • (2010) Parsing Variations
  • (2008) Postlude for organ from Threshold of Light
  • (2005) Lines of Desire
  • (2004) Textures
  • (1999) Colimaçon
  • (1999) Three Piano Miniatures

Solo voice

  • (2012) Now Fatal Change
  • (2009) The Sorrow of True Love
  • (2009) Love raise your voice
  • (2005) Three Motion Settings
  • (2002) Sainte
  • (1999) The Appointment
  • (1998) The Tongue of Epigrams

Discography

Date of releaseTitlePerformersWorks containedLabel
September 2013There is No RoseLes Sirènes Female Chamber ChoirBring rest, sweet dreaming childNimbus Alliance
NI6249
November 2012The Organ of Guildford CathedralKatherine Dienes-Williams and David DaviesColimaçonHerald HAVP371
September 2012The OPERA America SongbookVarious artistsMy House, I SayCD Baby 884501791311
June 2012Variations for JudithMelvyn TanDiomedesNMC DL3009
March 2012Winter: an evocationPolyphony: Voices of New Mexico (Maxine Thévenot)Bring rest, sweet dreaming childRaven
ORA-934
December 2011Love Raise Your VoiceChristine Howlett (soprano), Patrick Wood Uribe (violin), Holly Chatham (piano)Love Raise Your Voice; SainteMSR Classics
MS1384
November 2011The Spirit of Christmas PresentElysian Singers (Sam Laughton)Bring rest, sweet dreaming childMeridian
CDE84601
October 2011Acallam na Senórach: An Irish ColloquyNational Chamber Choir of Ireland (Paul Hillier)Acallam na Senórach: An Irish ColloquyHarmonia Mundi
HMU807486
September 2011Sing Freedom!Conspirare (Craig Hella Johnson)Swing low, sweet chariotHarmonia Mundi
HMU807525
April 2011O Guiding NightThe Sixteen (Harry Christophers)fleeting, God; Beloved all things ceased; O vera digna hostiaCoro COR16090
April 2011Absolute Masters, Volume 2Brno Philharmonic OrchestraMaybe we have timeSmith & Co
January 2010TalescapesYL Male Voice Choir (Matti Hyökki)LamentationOndine ODE1155-2
June 2009New HorizonsEbor Singers (Paul Gameson)Beatus auctor sæculi; O vera digna hostiaBoreas BMCD901
May 2009A Company of VoicesConspirare (Craig Hella Johnson)Triptych (version for percussion)Harmonia Mundi
HMU907534
April 2009The NMC SongbookAndrew Watts (countertenor), Benjamin Hulett (tenor), Lucy Wakeford (harp)Darkness VisibleNMC D150
March 2009Songs of the SkyBritten SinfoniaRaïSignum Records SIGCD149
November 2008A Song More SilentThe London Mozart Players (Nicolae Moldoveanu)And there was a great calmAvie AV2147
October 2008Sanctum est verum lumenNational Youth Choirs of Great Britain (Michael Brewer)I sleep, but my heart wakethDelphian DCD34045
September 2008Threshold of NightConspirare (Craig Hella Johnson)Two Emily Dickinson Settings: Had I Not Seen the Sun / I Had No Time to Hate; The Ecstasies Above; Threshold of Night; Tal vez tenemos tiempo; Care Charminge Sleepe; TriptychHarmonia Mundi
HMU807490
April 2008Scattered RhymesThe Orlando Consort, Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir (Paul Hillier)Scattered Rhymes; Douce dame jolieHarmonia Mundi
HMU807469
November 2007FiddlesticksMadeleine Mitchell (violin), ensemblebash (percussion quartet)Fragments from a Gradual ProcessSignum Records SIGCD111
July 2006The Quiet RoomJohn Lenehan (piano)Lines of DesireSony Classical 82876821452
July 2006MacMillan and his British ContemporariesThe Choir of New College, Oxford (Edward Higginbottom)Surrexit ChristusAvie
AV2085
March 2006Regina CaeliThe Choir of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (Daniel Soper)Sub tuum praesidiumLammas LAMM188
February 2006Tarik O'Regan: VOICESThe Choir of Clare College, Cambridge (Timothy Brown)Three Motets from Sequence for St Wulfstan: Beatus auctor sæculi / O vera digna hostia / Tu claustra stripe regia; Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis: Variations for Choir; Two Upper Voice Settings: Bring rest sweet dreaming child / Columba aspexit; Dorchester Canticles: Cantate Domino / Deus Misereatur; Four Mixed Voice Settings: Gratias tibi / Ave Maria / Care Charminge Sleepe / Locus iste; Colimaçon for organ.Collegium COLCD130
November 2005New French SongAlison Smart (soprano), Katharine Durran (piano)SainteMetier MSVCD92100
September 2005St John the BaptistThe Choir of St John's College, Oxford (Ryan Wigglesworth)De Sancto Ioanne BaptistaCantoris CRCD6080
February 2005Love and HonourThe Choir of Queens' College, Cambridge (Samuel Hayes)Cantate Domino; Tu claustra stirpe regiaGuild
GMCD7287
March 2004Carmina SaeculiThe Elisabeth Singers, Hiroshima, Japan (Timo Nuoranne)Gratias tibiBrain Music OSBR20025

Solo album covers

Acallam na Senórach
(Harmonia Mundi USA: HMU 807486)
2011
Threshold of Night
(Harmonia Mundi USA: HMU 807490)
2008
Scattered Rhymes
(Harmonia Mundi USA: HMU 807469)
2008
Tarik O'Regan: VOICES
(Collegium: COLCD 130)
2006
  • The artwork for O'Regan's 2008 disc, Threshold of Night, is by Ed Ruscha.[59]
  • The artwork for O'Regan's 2008 disc, Scattered Rhymes, is by Günter Fruhtrunk (1923–1982).
  • The artwork for O'Regan's 2006 disc, VOICES, is by Tom Phillips, librettist of the opera based on Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness written in collaboration with O'Regan.

Awards and recognition

  • 2005 British Composer Award (Vocal category) for Sainte[6]
  • 2007 British Composer Award for (Liturgical category) for Threshold of Night[7]
  • 2009 Two Grammy Award nominations (Best Classical Album and Best Choral Performance) for Threshold of Night[5]
  • 2009 NEA Artistic Excellence Grant for Heart of Darkness[60]
  • 2011 Bronze Award at the 2011 World's Best Radio Programs Awards in New York.[26]

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "''The Irish Times'', 23 November 2010". The Irish Times. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 www.ArtsAtl.com, 26 March 2011
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Works list at Chester Novello publisher". Chesternovello.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  4. "Chester Novello discography for Tarik O'Regan". Chesternovello.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 51st GRAMMY Awards Nominations List
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Music Sales Classical press release, 12 December 2005
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 British Academy of Composers and Songwriters press release, 6 December 2007
  8. "Fulbright Commission notable alumni". Fulbright.co.uk. 22 September 1948. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  9. 2004-5 List of Radcliffe Fellows
  10. "Press release announcing O'Regan at Yale". Schirmer.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  11. "Press release announcing O'Regan at Trinity College, Cambridge". Chesternovello.com. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  12. "IAS Faculty and Members". Ias.edu. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  13. Article in Epsom Sutton Cheam Time & Leisure Magazine which mentions O'Regan as having "resided in Croydon"
  14. 'Regan Music Sales Classical Long Biography which mentions O'Regan as having studied with Jeremy Dale Roberts
  15. 15.0 15.1 Interview with Bernard Clarke on RTÉ Nova on 21 November 2010
  16. 16.0 16.1 "''The Fountain Magazine'' of Trinity College, Cambridge". Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  17. Music, Birmingham Post (12 July 2007). "''The Birmingham Post'', 12 July 2007". Icbirmingham.icnetwork.co.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  18. "Cambridge University press release". Admin.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  19. "Sulasol catalogue". Sulasol.fi. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  20. Tarik O'Regan (6 February 2009). "article by Tarik O'Regan". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  21. "BBC Radio 3: 27 December 2009". BBC. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  22. "BBC Radio 3: 24 March 2010". BBC. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  23. "BBC Radio 4: 3 January 2010". BBC. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  24. "''Composing New York'' page at BBC website". BBC. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  25. "Press release on O'Regan's media work". Chesternovello.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  26. 26.0 26.1 http://www.newyorkfestivals.com/worldsbestradio/index.php
  27. Heart of Darkness production details, Royal Opera House 
  28. Tom Service (31 October 2011), "Off the map: Heart of Darkness gets the opera treatment", The Guardian (London) 
  29. Suite from Heart of Darkness first London performance, Cadogan Hall 
  30. Present/s 1 Festival, Het Nationale Ballet Hall 
  31. News item on new work, Chaâbi, for the Australian Chamber Orchestra, Music Sales Classical 
  32. News item about 2014 Vale of Glamorgan Festival, Music Sales Classical 
  33. Press release by The Washington Chorus, including details of New Music for a New Age, The Washington Chorus 
  34. ArchivMusic.com review mentioning "layers of melodic/rhythmic fragments"
  35. SACD-net review mentioning "rhythmic invention"
  36. Stereophile review mentioning "O'Regan's music is primarily tonal, and complex, with much going on at all times"
  37. Culture (28 April 2007). "''The Daily Telegraph'' (London), 28 April 2007". The Daily Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  38. Interview with John Aielli for KUT radio, Austin, TX on 28 September 2008
  39. Interview with Dianne Donovan for KMFA radio, Austin, TX on 11 September 2008
  40. "''The Irish Times'', 23 November 2010". The Irish Times. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  41. The Observer (London), 12 March 2006
  42. The Daily Telegraph (London), 11 March 2006
  43. International Record Review, April 2006
  44. BBC Music Magazine, May 2006
  45. Post (4 November 2011). "''The Times'' (London), 26 June 2006". The Times. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  46. BBC Radio 3 CD Review, 3 May 2008
  47. The Washington Post, 26 June 2008
  48. The Daily Telegraph, 10 May 2008
  49. BBC Music Magazine, June 2008
  50. "Billboard chart for 29 September 2008" (PDF). Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  51. "''Threshold of Night'' press". Thresholdofnight.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  52. "BBC Prom 39: 14 August 2010". BBC. 14 August 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  53. George Hall (15 August 2010). "''The Guardian'', 15 August 2010". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  54. The Times, 16 August 2010
  55. The Independent, 17 August 2010
  56. Name (required) (17 August 2010). "Collected press, hosted by American Opera Projects". Operaprojects2.wordpress.com. Retrieved 29 November 2011. 
  57. Anna Picard (6 November 2011), "Heart of Darkness: Tarik O'Regan's Conrad adaptation is an audacious, handsome debut", Independent on Sunday (London) 
  58. Stephen Pritchard (5 November 2011), "Heart of Darkness", The Observer (London) 
  59. SHELL, Daggett, California, gelatin-silver photograph from Twentysix Gasoline Stations, 1962, Ed Ruscha
  60. http://www.nea.gov/grants/recent/09grants/09aae.php?CAT=Access&DIS=Opera 2009 NEA Artistic Excellence Grants

References

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.