Tachi-ai

The tachi-ai (立合い) is the initial charge between two sumo wrestlers at the beginning of a bout.

There are several common techniques that wrestlers use at the tachi-ai, with the aim of getting a decisive advantage in the bout:

Charge head-first

Usually to attempt to use one's weight and momentum to force the opponent backwards out of the ring. Such a headlong charge in a low position can lead a more agile opponent to dodge out of the way and slap the charger on the back to push him to his knees.

Try to raise the opponent up into a vertical position

Makes the opponent more vulnerable to being pushed backwards toward the ring edge and also to certain types of throw and pull down moves.

Thrust the opponent's chest

Again force the opponent backwards towards the ringedge, or to unbalance him sufficiently to execute a beltless arm throw or a pull down move. Powerful thrusts can on occasion be enough to force the opponent to fall over in the ring.

Slap the opponent's face

Shock the opponent into lowering his guard to gain an advantageous position, in certain cases the slap has been known to be enough to stun an opponent into falling to his knees. This move is forbidden in amateur sumo.

Grab the opponent's belt

Use the belt to gain leverage to force an opponent backwards, or to execute a belt throw

React to the opponent's move

Includes dodging out of the way of an incautious charge as described above (known as henka), or dodging the attempted slap and using the opponent's lack of balance to gain an advantageous position.

Jump over the opponent

Used famously by retired rikishi Hayateumi and Mainoumi, involves jumping high at the charge and hoping the opponent charges out of the ring.

Surprise the opponent

Includes such moves as clapping one hands in front of the opponent's face and using the momentary blink to duck underneath to get a strong belt or leg grip to try to subsequently throw the opponent. See also Henka.