TI-84 Plus series

TI-84+

TI-84 Plus
Type	Graphing calculator
Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Introduced	2004
Predecessor	TI-83 Plus
Successor	TI-Nspire
Calculator
Entry mode	D.A.L.
CPU
Processor	Zilog Z80
Frequency	6/15 MHz
Programming
Programming language(s)	TI-BASIC, Z80
User Memory	128 KB or 48 KB RAM (depending on hardware revision) of which 24 KB are user accessible.
Firmware Memory	1 MB Flash ROM (480 KB user-accessible)
Other
Power supply	4 AAA's, 1 SR44 button cell

TI-84+SE

TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
Type	Graphing calculator
Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Introduced	2004
Predecessor	TI-83 Plus Silver Edition
Successor	TI-Nspire
Calculator
Entry mode	D.A.L.
CPU
Processor	Zilog Z80
Frequency	6/15 MHz
Programming
Programming language(s)	TI-BASIC, z80 Assembly
User Memory	128 KB or 48 KB RAM (depending on hardware revision) of which 24 KB are user accessible.
Firmware Memory	2 MB Flash ROM (1.5 MB user-accessible)
Other
Power supply	4 AAA's, 1 SR44 button cell

TI-84+CSE

Type	Graphing calculator
Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Introduced	Spring 2013
Predecessor	TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
Successor	N/A
Calculator
Entry mode	D.A.L.
CPU
Processor	Zilog Z80
Frequency	6/15 MHz
Programming
Programming language(s)	TI-BASIC, Z80 Assembly
User Memory	128 KB RAM of which 21 KB are user accessible.
Firmware Memory	4 MB Flash ROM (3.5 MB user-accessible)
Other
Power supply	Rechargeable lithium-polymer battery

The TI-84 Plus is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments which was released in early 2004. There is no original TI-84, only the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition models. The TI-84 Plus is an enhanced version of the TI-83 Plus. The key-by-key correspondence is relatively the same, but the 84 features some improved hardware. The memory is about 3 times as large, and CPU about 2.5 times as fast (over the TI-83 and TI-83 Plus). A USB port and built-in clock functionality were also added. The USB port on the TI-84 Plus series is USB On-The-Go compliant, similar to the next generation TI-Nspire calculator, which supports connecting to USB based data collection devices and probes, and supports device to device transfers over USB rather than over the serial link port.^[1]

The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition was released in 2004 as an upgrade to the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition. Like the TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, it features a 15 MHz Zilog Z80 processor and 24 kB user available RAM. The chip has 128 kB, but TI has not made an OS that uses all of it. Newer calculators have a RAM chip that is only 48 kB. All calculators with the letter H or later as the last letter in the serial code have fewer ram pages, causing some programs to not run correctly.^[2] There is 1.5 MB of user-accessible Flash ROM. Like the standard TI-84 Plus, the Silver Edition includes a built-in USB port, a built-in clock, and assembly support. It uses 4 AAA batteries and a backup button cell battery. The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition comes preloaded with a variety of applications. These programs are also available for the TI-84 Plus, but some must be downloaded separately from TI's website. It is manufactured by Kinpo Electronics.

TI offers a special yellow version of the TI-84 Plus, inscribed with the words "School Property", for schools to loan out to students. This special design was produced in effort to combat theft.^[3] Owners can buy other interchangeable colored face-plates and slide-cases online. A kickstand-style slide case and other accessories are also available. Although graphing calculators have been called inexpensive in education reform research,^[4] the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition costs $139.00 as of 2013 on the TI online store.

In 2011, TI launched for the French market a miniaturized version of the TI-84 Plus : the TI-84 Pocket.fr. In 2012, TI launched for the Asian market a miniaturized version of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition : the TI-84 Plus Pocket SE.

The TI-84 Plus C Silver Edition was first publicly referenced in October 2012 in a tweet from TI.^[5][6] Even though this tweet had gone unnoticed, in November 2012, it was discovered^[7] through a leak from a pilot class that TI was developing a color-screen TI-84 Plus, tentatively called the TI-84 Plus C Silver Edition. It has a high-resolution 320x240-pixel color screen, a modified version of the 2.55MP operating system, a rechargeable battery and keystroke compatibility with existing math and programming tools. It has the standard 2.5mm I/O linkport and a mini-USB port. More details about the calculator's math and programming features were published when TI began distributing review models in February 2013,^[8] and even more when the calculator was released in 2013.

Software

There are three different types of programs which can be downloaded or programmed into the calculators: TI-BASIC, Z80 assembly language, and Flash applications (also written in Z80 assembly). In addition, there are programs available that are able to compile or interpret other programming languages. There are a wide range of applications that this produces, from science classes, to games, to calculus to note taking (when put together with a separately sold keyboard). The TI-84 Plus Series is exactly like its predecessor in that it can be used on the SAT and ACT examinations as well as International Baccalaureate examinations. However in some cases those administering the exam may reset the calculator's memory beforehand to prevent cheating through the use of built in programs or other data.^[9]

When OS 2.30 was initially released, users noticed the speed of graphing was greatly reduced. The explanation was that the update added asymptote checking in graphing.^[10]

In January 2006, Texas Instruments released v2.40 of the operating system for the TI-84 Plus series. The most noticeable addition to the new OS was the "Press-To-Test" feature that allowed a teacher to disable any programs installed on the calculator, so they cannot be used on tests, etc.^[11] As of OS version 2.53MP which was released in February 2010, support was added for prettyprinted expressions. However, some programs stopped working correctly in this OS version, or were running slower.^[12] The current OS version is 2.55MP which was released in January 2011.^[13]

In July 2009, a community-made patch now allows user-made operating systems to be easily uploaded onto the TI-84 plus series. Shortly after the patch was developed, the RSA keys for the calculator's operating system were factored via the General number field sieve (GNFS) algorithm, making a software patch unnecessary. In response to this, Texas Instruments released a newer hardware revision which only accepts other, stronger RSA keys, making it harder to load user-made operating systems or older TI operating systems (2.53MP and earlier). The community has found a way around the newest limitation by discovering a way to revert to older versions of the boot code.^[14]

Technical specifications

CPU

Zilog Z80 15 MHz, with 6 MHz compatibility mode.

Flash ROM

Plus Edition: 480 KB user accessible of 1 MB

Silver Edition: 1.5 MB user accessible of 2 MB

Third-party software permits usage of FAT16-formatted USB drives

RAM

24 KB RAM user accessible of 128 KB (48 KB on newer models)

Display

Text: 16×8 characters (normal font)

Graphics: 96 (0-95) ×64 (0-63) pixels, monochrome (software grayscale can be used)

I/O

Link port, 9.6 kbit/s

50 button built-in keypad

USB

Power

4 AAA batteries plus 1 SR44SW or 303 silver oxide battery for backup

Integrated programming languages

TI-BASIC and machine code. Assembly requires a computer with a Z80 assembler or an on-calc assembler.

Programming

The TI-84 Plus is based heavily on its predecessor, the TI-83 Plus. As with all other calculators in the series, the TI-84 Plus supports native Z80 assembly as well as TI's interpreted, BASIC-like language for calculators, unofficially dubbed TI-BASIC. Programming for the TI-84 Plus is nearly identical to programming for the TI-83 Plus, with a few new functions in both TI-BASIC and the calculator's assembly support that do not exist on earlier models and OS versions. Several attempts have been made at creating a C to Zilog Z80 assembly assemblers, such as SDCC.^[15]

See also

• Texas Instruments
• Comparison of Texas Instruments Graphing Calculators

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to TI-84 Plus.

• TI Education Portal
• ticalc.org The flagship hobbyist program- and game-hosting archives
• WikiTI is a wiki documenting the hardware and operation system of the TI-83 Series and TI-84 Series of calculators.
• Detached Solutions is a website that makes TI Flash applications
• Cemetech makes TI programs, has a community, and hosts an online IDE and emulator.
• Omnimaga community dedicated to TI and Casio calculator and PC game programming and music creation of any kind.