Sutro Baths
The Sutro Baths were a large, privately owned swimming pool complex in San Francisco, California, built in the late 19th century. The building housing the baths burned down in 1966 and was abandoned.
History
On March 14, 1896, the Sutro Baths were opened to the public as the world's largest indoor swimming pool establishment. The baths were built on the sleepy western side of San Francisco by wealthy entrepreneur and former mayor of San Francisco (1894–1896), Adolph Sutro. The vast glass, iron, wood, and reinforced concrete structure was mostly hidden, and filled a small beach inlet below the Cliff House, also owned by Adolph Sutro at the time. Both the Cliff House and the former baths site are now a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and operated by the United States National Park Service.
A visitor to the baths not only had a choice of seven different swimming pools—one fresh water and six salt water baths ranging in temperatures—but could also visit a museum displaying Sutro's large and varied personal collection of artifacts from his travels, a concert hall, seating for 8,000, and, at one time, an ice skating rink. During high tides, water would flow directly into the pools from the nearby ocean, recycling the two million US gallons (7,600 m³) of water in about an hour. During low tides, a powerful turbine water pump, built inside a cave at sea level, could be switched on from a control room and could fill the tanks at a rate of 6,000 US gallons a minute (380 L/s), recycling all the water in five hours.
At the Sutro Baths, Sutro also maintained an extensive collection of stuffed and mounted animals, historic artifacts, and artwork, much of which he acquired from the Woodward's Gardens estate sale in 1894.[1]
The baths were once serviced by a rail line, the Ferries and Cliff House Railroad, which ran along the cliffs of Lands End overlooking the Golden Gate. The route ran from the baths to a terminal at California Street and Central Avenue (now Presidio Avenue).
The baths struggled for years, mostly due to the very high operating and maintenance costs. Shortly after closing, a fire in 1966 destroyed the building while it was in the process of being demolished. All that remains of the site are concrete walls, blocked off stairs and passageways, and a tunnel with a deep crevice in the middle. The Sutro Bath ruins are open to the public, but a warning sign advises strict caution, stating "People have been swept from the rocks and drowned."
Currently, visitors coming to the Sutro Baths from the above parking lot are presented with a sign that describes the history of Sutro Baths starting from its construction and glamorous opening to the public in 1896. Another sign describes the later years of the site's history up until its demolition and complete destruction by fire in 1966. As one walks up out of the ruins toward the historic Cliff House, home to two full service restaurants: "Sutro’s at the Cliff House" and "The Bistro", as well as the "Terrace Room", a private Dining/reception room, one can find other pictures, paintings, and relics from the golden age of Sutro Baths’ functional operation.
Seal Rock is just offshore from the bath ruins.
A river otter nicknamed "Sutro Sam" was spotted at the location in September 2012.
Appearances on film
Footage preserved by the Library of Congress
Several films are stored by the Library of Congress as part of the American Memory collection and available for viewing online.
- Sutro Baths, no. 1 and Sutro Baths, no. 2, filmed in 1897 by Thomas A. Edison, Inc.[2][3]
- Panoramic view from a steam engine on the Ferries and Cliff House Railroad line route along the cliffs of Lands End, starting at the Sutro Baths depot, filmed in 1902 by Thomas A. Edison, Inc.[4]
- Panoramic view from the beach below Cliff House at Sutro Baths, filmed in 1903 by American Mutoscope and Biograph Company.[5]
The Lineup (1958)
The 1958 film The Lineup was the only non-documentary film to use the fully built baths as a shooting location. The scenes were shot after Sutro Baths' conversion to an ice skating rink.[6]
Harold and Maude (1971)
The baths are featured in a scene in the 1971 film Harold and Maude in which Harold pretends to assault Maude while she acts the part of a war protester, in order to convince Harold's uncle (a high-ranking military man) that he is unfit for service. Maude "falls" down a hole in the ground and disappears after Harold grabs her protest sign and chases her with it, striking her and calling her various names such as "Commie!"
Sutro's: The Palace at Lands End (2011)
This documentary by Tom Wyrsch includes footage and photographs of the Baths, Sutro Railway, Cliff House, ice skating rink, Egyptian Mummy Museum, Musee Mecanique, and the Giggling Ghost.
Historic Sutro Baths in San Francisco, California (2012)
A short film featuring photographer Carol Highsmith shows the history and the ruins of the site.[7]
Bath statistics
Statistics according to a 1912 article written by J. E. Van Hoosear of Pacific Gas and Electric.[8]
- Length of baths: 499.5 feet (152.2 m)
- Width of baths: 254.1 feet (77.4 m)
- Amount of glass used: 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2)
- Iron in roof columns: 600 tons
- Lumber: 3,500,000 board feet (8,300 m3)
- Concrete: 10,000 cu yd (7,600 m3)
- Seating capacity, amphitheater: 3,700
- Seating capacity, promenade: 3,700
- Holding capacity: 25,000
- Salt water tanks: 6
- Capacity of tanks: 1,805,000 US gallons (6,830 m3)
- Fresh water, plunge tank: 1
- Toboggan slides in baths: 7
- Swinging rings: 30
- Spring boards: 1
- Private dressing rooms: 517
- Club rooms capacity: 1,110
- Time required to fill tank by high tide: 1 hour
- Time required to fill tank by pump: 5 hours
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sutro Baths. |
Notes
- ↑ Peter Hartlaub, "Woodward's Gardens Comes to Life in New Book", San Francisco Chronicle (October 30, 2012)
- ↑ "Sutro Baths, no. 1 / Thomas A. Edison, Inc.". Library of Congress American Memory Collection. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ↑ "Sutro Baths, no. 2 / Thomas A. Edison, Inc.". Library of Congress, American Memory Collection. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ↑ "Panoramic view of the Golden Gate / Thomas A. Edison, Inc.". Library of Congress, American Memory Collection. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ↑ [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?papr:11:./temp/~ammem_3T87:: "Panorama of beach and Cliff House / American Mutoscope and Biograph Company."]. Library of Congress, American Memory Collection. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ↑ "Sutro Baths - Explore the Ruins". sutrobaths.com. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ↑ Historic Sutro Baths in San Francisco, California (2012), Carol Highsmith, 3:17.
- ↑ ""Pacific Service" Supplies the World’s Largest Baths". P.G.&E Magazine. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
External links
Coordinates: 37°46′48″N 122°30′49″W / 37.78000°N 122.51361°W
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