Surgical instrument

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A surgical instruments is a specially designed tool or device for performing specific actions of carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it. Over time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented. Some surgical instruments are designed for general use in surgery, while others are designed for a specific procedure or surgery. Accordingly, the nomenclature of surgical instruments follows certain patterns, such as a description of the action it performs (for example, scalpel, hemostat), the name of its inventor(s) (for example, the Kocher forceps),^[1] or a compound scientific name related to the kind of surgery (for example, a tracheotome is a tool used to perform a tracheotomy).

The expression surgical instrumentation is somewhat interchangeably used with surgical instruments,^[2] but its meaning in medical jargon is really the activity of providing assistance to a surgeon with the proper handling of surgical instruments during an operation, by a specialized professional, usually a surgical technologist or sometimes a nurse or radiologic technologist.

Classification

There are several classes of surgical instruments:

Graspers,^[3]such as forceps
Clamps and occluders for blood vessels and other organs
Retractors, used to spread open skin, ribs and other tissue
Distractors, positioners and stereotactic devices
Mechanical cutters (scalpels, lancets, drill bits, rasps, trocars, Ligasure, Harmonic scalpel etc.)
Dilators and specula, for access to narrow passages or incisions
Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids
Sealing devices, such as surgical staplers
Irrigation and injection needles, tips and tubes, for introducing fluid
Powered devices, such as drills, dermatomes
Scopes and probes, including fiber optic endoscopes and tactile probes
Carriers and appliers for optical, electronic and mechanical devices
Ultrasound tissue disruptors, cryotomes and cutting laser guides
Measurement devices, such as rulers and calipers

An important relative distinction, regarding surgical instruments, is the amount of bodily disruption or tissue trauma that their use might cause the patient. Terms relating to this issue are 'atraumatic' and minimally invasive. Minimally invasive systems are an important recent development in surgery.

Gallery

References

↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/kocher%27s%20forceps
↑ Renee Nimitz, Surgical Instrumentation: an Interactive Approach (Saunders, 2010) 1416037020, pxiii
↑ "Laparoscopic graspers", Laparoscopic.md. Accessed 16 August 2013

External links

Companies Dealing in Surgical Instruments

Bibliography

Wells, MP, Bradley, M: Surgical Instruments A Pocket Guide. W.B. Saunders, 1998.

v t e Surgical instruments

Dissecting	Scalpels (Laser scalpel) · RF knife · Lancets · Liston knife · Catlin · Von Graefe knife Scissors: Bandage scissors · Mayo scissors · Metzenbaum scissors · Tenotomy scissors Other: Rongeur · Curette · Osteotome · Drill bits · Rasps · Trocars · Drills · Dermatomes

Grasping (forceps)	Bulldogs forceps · Hemostat · Obstetric · Vulsellum · Tenaculum · Debakey forceps

Clamping	Foerster clamp · Hemostat · Pennington clamp · Aortic cross-clamp · Gomco clamp · Allis clamp

Retracting/viewing	Retractors: Senn retractor · Rib spreader

Accessory/other	Examination/prep: Dilators · Specula · Fiber optic endoscopes · Head mirror Suction: Yankauer suction tip Irrigation and injection needles Measurement devices: rulers and caliper Drain: Jackson-Pratt drain · Penrose drain Other: Surgical staplers · Periodontal probe · Surgical suture

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