Sultan of Pahang

Sultan of Pahang is the title of the constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The current sultan is Ahmad Shah. He is the Head of the Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state.

History

After the Srivijaya empire collapsed, around the 1000, Pahang was claimed first by Majapahit, Siam, and then by Sultanate of Malacca. Pahang was fought over by the Portuguese, the Dutch, Johor, and Aceh for most of the 16th century. During this time, its population was mostly killed or enslaved, its rulers murdered and its economy ruined.

After the decline of Aceh in the mid-17th century, Pahang came under the rule of Johor. However, Sultans of Pahang, descended from the Malacca and the Bendahara Johor royal dynasties, have ruled the state almost continuously from 1470, and gradually recovered a great degree of autonomy.

As the Johor Empire was falling apart with the loss of the Riau-Lingga territories, Temenggung Ibrahim of Johor understood this situation and quickly signed a treaty with Bendahara Tun Mutahir of Pahang in 1861.^[1] The treaty recognizes the territories of Johor (mainland), the Temenggung and his descendent's right to rule it, mutual protection and mutual recognitions of Pahang and Johor. With the signing of this treaty, the remnants of the Empire became 2 independent states, Johor and Pahang.

From 1858 to 1863, Pahang was fought over in a civil war between the two sons of the reigning Bendahara of Pahang. The war ended when Wan Ahmad was proclaimed the new sultan in 1887, but his role from that point onward was largely ceremonial, as the British forced him to sign a treaty bringing the country under control of a British Resident.

List of rulers

Sultans

1. 1470-1475: Sultan Muhammad Shah II
2. 1475-1475: Sultan Abdul Jamil Shah I
3. 1475-1497: Sultan Ahmad Shah I
4. 1497-1519: Sultan Mansur Shah II
5. 1519-1530: Sultan Mahmud Shah
6. 1530-1540: Sultan Muzaffar Shah
7. 1540-1555: Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah
8. 1555-1560: Sultan Mansur Shah III
9. 1560-1575: Sultan Abdul Jamil Shah II
10. 1575-1590: Sultan Abdul Kadir Alaiddin Shah
11. 1590-1592: Sultan Ahmad Shah Shah II
12. 1592-1614: Sultan Abdul Ghappur Muhiuddin Shah
13. 1614-1641: Sultan Alaiddin Riayat Shah
14. 1641-1676: Raja Banjau
15. 1676-1688: Raja Ibrahim

Raja Bendahara Seri Maharaja

1. 1688-1697: Tun Habib Abdul Majid
2. 1697-1699: Abdul Jalil of Johor
3. 1699-1708: Tun Mas Anom
4. 1708-1718: Tun Abdullah
5. 1718-1722: Tun Abdul Djamal
6. 1722-1724: Tun Abbas
7. 1724-1734: Tun Hussain
8. 1734-1748: Tun Mutahir
9. 1748-1756: Tun Hassan
10. 1756-1802: T Abdul Majid
11. 1802-1803: Tun Muhammad
12. 1803-1806: Tun Koris
13. 1806-1857: Tun Ali
14. 1857-1863: Tun Muhammad Tahir
15. 1863: Tun Muda Koris
16. 1863-1882: Sultan Ahmad al-Mu'adzam

Sultans

1. 1882-1909: Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam
2. 1909-1917: Sultan Mahmud Shah, 2nd son of Ahmad al-Muadzam
3. 1917-1932: Sultan Abdullah al-Mutasim, 4th son of Ahmad al-Muadzam
4. 1932-1974: Sultan Abu Bakar, son of precedent
5. 1974–present: Sultan Ahmad Shah, son of precedent

See also

• Pahang

References