Substance-related disorder

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Substance-related disorder
Classification and external resources

Comparison of the perceived harm for various psychoactive drugs from a poll among medical psychiatrists specialized in addiction treatment[1]
ICD-10 F10-F19
ICD-9 291-292; 303–305
MeSH D019966

A substance-related disorder is a condition (such as intoxication, harmful use/abuse, dependence, withdrawal, and psychoses or amnesia associated with the use of the substance) associated with substance abuse, often involving maladaptive behaviors over a long period of time.[2] In order to be diagnosed with substance dependence an individual must display at least three of the following for a 12-month period: "development of tolerance to the substance, withdrawal symptoms, persistent desire/unsuccessful attempts to stop using the substance, ingestion of larger amounts of substance, declined life functioning, and persistent use of substance." [2] Substance abuse has been found to be most common among people 18 to 25 years of age and is also more common in males than females and in urban residents compared to those who live in rural areas.[2] Over 50 percent of individuals with substance abuse issues have been found to have another psychiatric disorder, something that is termed Comorbid Psychiatric Diagnosis.[2] Substance abuse is not the same in every person; it can differ in terms of the substance abused, the pattern of use and also the type of comorbid illness present, if any.[2]

Substance-related disorders can be subcategorized into "substance use disorders" (SUD) and "substance-induced disorders" (SID).[3][4]

Though DSM-IV makes a firm distinction between the two, SIDs often occur in the context of SUDs.[5]

Some people can have strong drug cravings even after they have not used the drug for a long period of time. They call this being "clean". To determine how the brain triggers these cravings, multiple tests have been done on mice.[6]

Substance-related disorders, including both substance dependence and substance abuse, can lead to large societal problems. It is found to be greatest in individuals ages 18–25, with a higher likelihood occurring in men compared to women, and urban residents compared to rural residents. On average, general medical facilities hold 20% of patients with substance-related disorders, possibly leading to psychiatric disorders later on. Over 50% of individuals with substance-related disorders will often have a "dual diagnosis," where they are diagnosed with the substance abuse, as well as a psychiatric diagnosis, the most common being major depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorders, and dysthymia.[7]

Classification and terminology

Substance-induced disorders

Substance-induced disorders include medical conditions that can be directly attributed to the use of a substance.[8]

These conditions include intoxication, withdrawal, substance-induced delirium, substance-induced psychosis, and substance-induced mood disorders.[9]

Diseases

An abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism: For instance, there are several known alcohol-induced diseases (e.g. alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy.)

Substance use disorders

Main article: Substance use disorder
Source: A Public Health Approach to Drug Control in Canada, Health Officers Council of British Columbia, 2005

Substance use disorders include substance abuse and substance dependence.[10] In DSM-IV, the conditions are formally diagnosed as one or the other, but it has been proposed that DSM-V combine the two into a single condition called "Substance-use disorder".[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nutt, D.; King, L. A.; Saulsbury, W.; Blakemore, C. (2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". The Lancet 369 (9566): 1047–1053. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Unknown. "Substance abuse in adults" (PDF). Unknown. Retrieved 2011-07-12. 
  3. ↑ "substance-related disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  4. ↑ Marc Galanter; Herbert D. Kleber (2008). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-58562-276-4. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  5. ↑ Michael B. First; Allen Frances; Harold Alan Pincus (2004). DSM-IV-TR guidebook. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-58562-068-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  6. ↑ Aldhous, Peter (4/9/2008). "'Drug binge' mice reveal why cravings linger". Newscientist. Retrieved 10/82011. 
  7. ↑ Leikin, J.B. (2007). "Substance-Related Disorders in Adults". Disease-a-month 53 (6): 313–335. 
  8. ↑ "Substance-induced disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  9. ↑ Roderick Shaner (1 April 2000). Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-683-30766-5. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  10. ↑ "Substance use disorders" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  11. ↑ "Proposed Revision | APA DSM-5". Retrieved 2010-04-23. 

External links

Types
Related topics
Psychoactive substance-related disorder (F10–F19, 291–292; 303–305)
General
Alcohol
SID
Diseases
Neurological
disorders
Digestive
system
Nervous
system
SUD
Opioids
Caffeine
Cannabis
Sedative /
hypnotic
Cocaine
Stimulants
Hallucinogen
Tobacco
Volatile
solvent
Multiple

M: PSO/PSI

mepr

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc (eval/thrp), drug (N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)

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