Subroto Mukerjee

Subroto Mukerjee
Subroto Mukerjee as a Group Captain at the end of the Second World War
Born	5 March 1911 Calcutta, British India
Died	8 November 1960 Tokyo, Japan
Allegiance	British Raj Republic of India
Service/branch	Royal Air Force  Indian Air Force
Years of service	1932–1960
Rank	Air Marshal
Battles/wars	North West Frontier Rebellion, World War II
Awards	India General Service Medal OBE Distinguished Flying Cross

Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, OBE (Bengali: সুব্রত মুখার্জী Shubroto Mukharji) (5 March 1911 – 8 November 1960) was the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Born in a Bengali family of repute, he was educated in India as well as England. He joined the Royal Air Force and later was one of the first recruits of the Indian Air Force. He had an illustrious career and had been awarded with many honours until his accidental death in 1960. He has been called the "Father of the Indian Air Force".

Early life

Subroto Mukerjee was born in Kolkata (then Calcutta) on 5 March 1911. His paternal grandfather, Nibaran Chandra Mukherjee, a Brahmo, was a pioneer in social and educational reforms in the country and a member of the Brahmo Samaj while his maternal grandfather, Dr. PK Roy of the Indian Education Service, was the first Indian Principal of the Presidency College, Calcutta. His maternal grandmother Sarala Roy was the founder of the Gokhale Memorial School. His father was Satish Chandra Mukherjee, an early Indian ICS officer and mother was Charulata Mukherjee, daughter of Dr. P. K. Roy. Youngest of four children, Subroto was taken to England when he was three months old. However, he spent his childhood in Krishnanagar and Chinsura of Bengal. From his very early days Subroto had shown an aptitude for a military career – probably infused by his uncle, Indra Lal Roy, who had joined the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War. Roy was the first Indian to be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the only Indian flying ace.

Subroto was educated in diocesan school and Loreto Convent in Calcutta and also in a school in Hampstead in England. Later Subroto joined Howrah Zila School and passed matriculation examination in 1927. He studied in Presidency College, Calcutta for one year and then went to Cambridge University.

Subroto Mukherjee's elder sister Renuka Ray (1903–1995) was a prominent personality. She was a parliamentarian, cabinet minister and an ambassador. She studied in Cambridge University and London School of Economics.^{[citation needed]}

Joining the Air Force

The first batch of Indian pilots at RAF Cranwell in 1931. From Left to Right: Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and Subroto Mukerjee

About this time the Government of India (under British rule) decided to take some Indians in the Royal Air Force. Subroto wrote the Cranwell entrance examination and London Matriculation in 1929 and was one of the first six Indian males selected to undergo two years of flying training at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. The other five were H.C. Sirkar, A.B. Awan, Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and J.N. Tandon.^[1]

On 8 October 1932, the six Indians cadets were commissioned in the Royal Air Force. On the same day, the Indian Air Force Act was passed by the Indian Legislative Assembly, and the Indian Air Force was born.^[1] Subroto was commissioned as a pilot. After completing their training at Cranwell, the Indian pilots passed through the Army Cooperation School at Old Sarum in Wiltshire. They served in RAF squadrons before coming back to India to serve Indian Air Force. On 1 April 1933, "A" Flight of the No 1 Squadron, Indian Air Force, was formed at Karachi. Subroto was one of the five Indian pilots who made up the flight. The flight was equipped with four Westland Wapiti biplanes.

Operations at North West Frontier

A rebellion took place in North West Frontier region (India–Afghanistan border) in 1936, led by the Pukhtoon tribes. The Indian Air Force would play a major role in controlling the rebellion in the harsh terrains of the region. Subroto Mukerjee was awarded India General Service Medal with clasps "North West Frontier 1936-37", and "North West Frontier 1937-39" and "Mentioned-in-Despatches" in 1942 for service during the operations in North West Frontier Province.

During WW2

Subroto Mukerjee was one of the three flying officers of the three flights of No. 1 Squadron of IAF in 1938. Coastal Defence Flights (CDFs) of the Indian Air Force Volunteer Reserve were formed with the outbreak of World War II. In 1939, Subroto Mukerjee was promoted to Squadron Leader and took over command of No 1 Squadron, IAF. Subroto Mukerjee had many "first"s to his credit — the first Indian to command a Flight, a Squadron, a Station (Kohat), and finally, the Service itself.^[1] He was also the first IAF pilot to carry out an airdrop over a beleaguered army picket. He commanded RAF Station Kohat from August 1943 till December 1944. In June 1945 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (Military Division).^[1]

After Independence

India became independent from the British rule on 15 August 1947. However, due to partition of India, assets of the Indian Air Force (like other branches of the military) had to be divided between the two new countries of India and Pakistan. The first three Air Chiefs of independent India, Air Marshals Sir Thomas Elmhirst KBE, CB, AFC, Sir Ronald Ivelaw Chapman, KBE, CBE, DFC, AFC, and Sir Gerald Ernest Gibbs, KBE, CIE, MC, were from the RAF. The IAF had to reorganise itself after the partition. Subroto assisted the Air Chiefs in reorganising the IAF. He went to the Imperial Defence College in England for further training in 1952.

On returning to India in 1954, Subroto Mukerjee took over as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force on 1 April 1954, in the rank of Air Marshal. When the Change in Designation Act, 1955, was passed, the title of "Commander-in-Chief" was replaced by Chief of the Air Staff, IAF. Thus Mukerjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief as well as Chief of Air Staff of the Indian Air Force.

Death and commemoration

Subroto Mukerjee was one of the passengers in Air India's first ever flight – to Tokyo – in November 1960. On 8 November 1960, Mukerjee was having a meal with a friend of his, an officer in the Indian Navy, in a restaurant in Tokyo. A piece of food lodged in his windpipe, choking him to death.^[1] His body was flown to Palam Airport, New Delhi on 9 November 1960, and on 10 November 1960 he was cremated with full military honours. He was paid the final tribute in the form of a fly-past of forty nine aircraft, one for each of his forty nine years.^[1]

Aspy Engineer, a close associate of Mukerjee, assumed the role of Chief of Air Staff of IAF from 1 December 1960. He issued a Special Order of the Day paying tribute to Subroto Mukerjee and called him as the "Father of the Indian Air Force". Subroto Mukerjee, an eminent football lover and a regular member of Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, conceived the idea of an inter-school all-India football tournament which was implemented after his death. The tournament, known as Subroto Cup Football Tournament still helps to find talented players from schools.

Subroto Mukherjee married Sharda Pandit from a prominent Maharashtrian family in 1939. They had one son. Mrs. Sharda Mukherjee was active in social work and after her husband's death, took active part in public affairs. She was later appointed as the Governor of Gujarat.

Rank Promotions

• Pilot Officer, RAF: 1 September 1932
• Flying Officer: 1936
• Flight Lieutenant: 16 March 1939
  • Acting Squadron Leader: 25 August 1939
  • Acting Wing Commander: 1 November 1942
• Squadron Leader: 1943
• Wing Commander, RIAF: 1945
• Group Captain: 6 March 1946
• Air Commodore: 15 May 1947
  • Acting Air Vice-Marshal: 27 September 1948
• Air Vice-Marshal: 1 February 1949
  • Acting Air Marshal (Commander-in-Chief, IAF): 1 April 1954
• Air Marshal (Chief of the Air Staff, Indian Air Force): 1 April 1955

^{[2] [3]}

Honours

• King George VI Coronation Medal-1937
• India General Service Medal (w/Clasps)-1939
• Mentioned in Despatches (MID)-1942
• Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)-1945
• 1939-1945 Star-1945
• India Service Medal-1945
• War Medal 1939-1945-1945
• Indian Independence Medal-1948
• Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal-1953
• Yugoslavian People's Army Medal, 1st Class-1954

^[2]

Notes

References

• The Saga of a Soaring Legend - by Sqn Ldr Rana Chhina (Retd)
• Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee, OBE - by Jagan Pillarisetti