Submandibular ganglion

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Nerve: Submandibular ganglion

Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion visible at bottom left, but not labeled.)

Parasympathetic connections of the submaxillary and superior cervical ganglia. (Submaxillary ganglion labeled at center right.)
Latin	ganglion submandibulare
Gray's	p.898
Innervates	submandibular gland, sublingual gland

The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system. It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion).

Function

The submandibular ganglion is responsible for innervation of two salivary glands: the submandibular gland and sublingual gland.

Location and relations

The submandibular ganglion is small and fusiform in shape. It is situated above the deep portion of the submandibular gland, on the hyoglossus muscle, near the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle.

The ganglion 'hangs' by two nerve filaments from the lower border of the lingual nerve (itself a branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V₃). It is suspended from the lingual nerve by two filaments, one anterior and one posterior. Through the posterior of these it receives a branch from the chorda tympani nerve which runs in the sheath of the lingual nerve.

Fibers

Like other parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, the submandibular ganglion is the site of synapse for parasympathetic fibers and carries other types of nerve fiber that do not synapse in the ganglion. In summary, the fibers carried in the ganglion are:

Sympathetic fibers from the external carotid plexus, via the facial nerve and its branches. These do not synapse in this ganglion.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of the medulla oblongata, via the chorda tympani and lingual nerve, which synapse at the origin of:
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the oral mucosa and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.They are secretomotor to these glands.

Additional images

Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

External links

SUNY Figs 27:03-10
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, VII)
Autonomics of the Head and Neck - Page 9 of 14 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
Submandibular+ganglion at eMedicine Dictionary

Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)

terminal (SN->0)

no significant branches

olfactory (AON->I)

optic (LGN->II)

oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III)

trochlear (TN->IV)

no significant branches

trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V)

abducens (AN->VI)

no significant branches

facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII)

near origin	nervus intermedius geniculate

inside facial canal	greater petrosal pterygopalatine ganglion nerve to the stapedius chorda tympani lingual nerve submandibular ganglion

at stylomastoid foramen	posterior auricular suprahyoid digastric stylohyoid parotid plexus temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical

vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII)

cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
vestibular
- Scarpa's ganglion

glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	tympanic tympanic plexus lesser petrosal otic ganglion stylopharyngeal branch pharyngeal branches tonsillar branches lingual branches carotid sinus

vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	meningeal branch auricular branch

neck	pharyngeal branch pharyngeal plexus superior laryngeal external internal recurrent laryngeal (inferior) superior cervical cardiac

thorax	inferior cardiac pulmonary vagal trunks anterior posterior

abdomen	celiac renal hepatic anterior gastric posterior gastric

accessory (NA, SAN->XI)

hypoglossal (HN->XII)

lingual branches

M: PNS

anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1B)

The cranial nerves: trigeminal nerve

ophthalmic
(V1)

frontal:	supratrochlear supraorbital lateral branch medial branch

nasociliary:	long ciliary infratrochlear posterior ethmoidal anterior ethmoidal external nasal internal nasal sensory root of ciliary ganglion ciliary ganglion

lacrimal

maxillary
(V2)

in meninges

middle meningeal

in pterygopalatine
fossa

zygomatic
- zygomaticotemporal
- zygomaticofacial
pterygopalatine
- pterygopalatine ganglion see below for details
posterior superior alveolar

in infraorbital canal

infraorbital nerve:	superior alveolar middle anterior internal nasal branches

on face

mandibular
(V3)

in meninges	meningeal

anterior	to muscles of mastication medial pterygoid/to tensor veli palatini lateral pterygoid masseteric deep temporal buccal

posterior	auriculotemporal otic ganglion lingual submandibular ganglion inferior alveolar mylohyoid mental

M: PNS

anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1B)

Nerves – autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion) (TA A14.3, GA 9.968)

Head/
cranial

Sympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots Sensory Sympathetic Short ciliary

Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots Sensory Parasympathetic Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine inferior posterior nasal branches lesser palatine nasopalatine medial superior posterior nasal branches pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Neck/
cervical

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia Superior Middle Inferior Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus Internal carotid

Chest/
thorax

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior Middle Inferior

Abdomen/
Lumbar

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia Aorticorenal Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus Hepatic Splenic Pancreatic aorticorenal Abdominal aortic plexus Renal/Suprarenal Superior mesenteric Gastric Inferior mesenteric Spermatic Ovarian Superior hypogastric hypogastric nerve Superior rectal Inferior hypogastric Vesical Prostatic / Cavernous nerves of penis Uterovaginal Middle rectal splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric	Meissner's plexus Auerbach's plexus

Pelvis/
sacral

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

M: PNS

anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1B)

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