Stylopharyngeus muscle

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Stylopharyngeus muscle

Muscles of the pharynx and cheek. (Stylopharyngeus visible at center left.)
Latin	musculus stylopharyngeus
Gray's	p.1143
Origin	Styloid process (temporal)
Insertion	thyroid cartilage (larynx)
Artery
Nerve	glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Actions	elevate the larynx, elevate the pharynx, swallowing
MeSH	Pharyngeal+Muscles

The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the temporal styloid process and the pharynx.

Structure

The stylopharyngeus is a long, slender muscle, cylindrical above, flattened below. It arises from the medial side of the base of the temporal styloid process, passes downward along the side of the pharynx between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle pharyngeal constrictor, and spreads out beneath the mucous membrane.

Some of its fibers are lost in the constrictor muscles while others, joining the palatopharyngeus muscle, are inserted into the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage.

The glossopharyngeal nerve runs on the lateral side of this muscle, and crosses over it to reach the tongue.

Innervation

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle in the pharynx innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and is done by its single motor branch, which supplies special visceral efferent (SVE) fibers to it.

Actions

The stylopharyngeus:

elevates the larynx
elevates the pharynx
dilates the pharynx to permit the passage of a large food bolus, thereby facilitating swallowing

Embryological origin

Third pharyngeal arch

Additional images

Stylopharyngeus muscle.
Left temporal bone. Inferior surface.
The cartilages of the larynx. Posterior view.
Side view of the larynx, showing muscular attachments.
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.
Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves.
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylopharyngeus muscle

External links

LUC styp
516948046 at GPnotebook

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387)

Cervical

CN VII (superficial, PC): platysma
CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid

C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: longus (capitis, colli)

C3–C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior)

Suboccipital

C1: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) · obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)

C1–C6 (anterior): Prevertebral muscles: rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis)

Suprahyoid

CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid · anterior belly of digastric

CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid · posterior belly of digastric

C1 (deep): geniohyoid

Infrahyoid/strap

C1: thyrohyoid
C1–C3: sternohyoid · sternothyroid · omohyoid

Fasciae

Deep cervical fascia (Pretracheal fascia, Prevertebral fascia, Investing layer) · Carotid sheath · Alar fascia

pharynx: Buccopharyngeal fascia · Pharyngobasilar fascia

Palatine aponeurosis

Pharyngeal raphe

Pharynx

pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) · longitudinal (stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus)

Larynx

cricothyroid · cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) · arytenoid (oblique arytenoid/aryepiglottic, transverse arytenoid) · thyroarytenoid (vocal, thyroepiglottic)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

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